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Introduction Adolescence is the period when many mental disorders have their peaks of onsets. Investigation into adolescent mental health problems and their risk factors is required, but there has been few prospective cohort studies on adolescent mental health. Objectives This study aimed to prospectively reveal the developmental trajectory of physical and mental health in adolescence, and to investigate factors associated with the trajectory. Methods We launched a prospective cohort study (Tokyo Teen Cohort: TTC) on general population of adolescents at three municipalities in metropolitan area in Tokyo, Japan. Using the resident register, we recruited 10-year-old children from the community between 2012 and 2015. The second, third, and fourth wave of data collection were conducted at 12, 14, 16 years of age, respectively. We collected multidisciplinary data including mental health by self-report questionnaire and home-visit interview. Further, we have launched two subsample studies which focus on biological measures such as brain MRI, EEG, and sex hormones. TTC is based at three research institutes, and ethics approval has been granted by all of the three institutions. Results A total of 3171 children participated the TTC. Of those, 3007 children participated in the second wave of data collection (follow-up rate: 94.8). The third and fourth wave of data collection were completed and more than 80% of children continued to participate in TTC. More than 300 children participated in the two subsample studies. More than 30 papers were already published, and many national/international research collaborations have started. Conclusions The fifth wave of data collection at 20 years of age is being currently conducted. Further national/international collaborations are expected to examine cultural effects on mental health of adolescents. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Depression is highly prevalent and causes a heavy burden in adolescent life. Being praised for prosocial behavior might be a preventive factor because both being praised and prosocial behavior are protective against depression. However, no study has investigated the association between experiences of being praised for prosocial behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Objectives Here, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between being praised for prosocial behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Methods In Tokyo Teen Cohort study (TTC), an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study, we collected 3,171 adolescents’ data on self-reported experiences of being praised for prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and caregiver-evaluated prosocial behavior. Ten-year-old children were asked to freely describe answers to the question “What are you praised for?”. Only children who clearly answered that they were praised for their prosocial behavior were designated the “prosocial praise group.” The degree of depression at ages 10 and 12 was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), a self-report questionnaire about depression. Objective prosocial behavior of the 10 year-old children was assessed by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the SMFQ score at age 12 as the objective variable and being praised for prosocial behavior as the main explanatory variable, and the SMFQ score at age 10 and the objective prosocial behavior at age 10 were included as confounders. Results 3,007 pairs of child and their primary caregiver participated in the second data collection at the age of 12 years (follow-up rate was 94.8%). Regarding the question “What are you praised for?”, 845 (28.1%) children answered that they were praised for prosocial behavior. Depressive symptoms (SMFQ scores) in the “prosocial praise group” were significantly lower than those in the other group both at age 10 (4.3 ± 4.4 vs. 4.9 ± 4.6, p < 0.001) and at age 12 (3.4 ± 4.2 vs. 4.0 ± 4.6, p < 0.01). In the single regression analysis, the children who reported being praised for prosocial behavior at age 10 had significantly lower depressive symptoms at age 12 (partial regression variable: −0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.96, −0.17]). This association remained significant after adjusting for confounders, including baseline depressive symptoms (partial regression variable: −0.44, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.08]). Prosocial behavior alone was not associated with depressive symptoms. Image: Conclusions Being praised for prosocial behavior rather than objective prosocial behavior at 10 years of age predicted lower depressive symptoms 2 years later. Praise for adolescents’ prosocial behavior can be encouraged to prevent depression. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Aims: Many studies have shown that natural disasters affect mental health; however, longitudinal data on post-disaster mental health problems are scarce. The aims of our study were to investigate the trend in psychological distress and alcoholism after The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in north eastern Japan, in March 2011. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted using annual health check data for the general population, in the city of Higashi-Matsushima, which was affected by the high impact of tsunami. In 2012 and 2013, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the CAGE questionnaire (for screening for alcoholism) were used to assess psychological distress and prevalence of alcoholism. Results: Of 11,855 total eligible residents, 2192 received the annual check in 2012 and 2013. The prevalence of mental illness and the mean score of alcoholism tendency increased during the follow-up period. The majority of respondents (43.8%) with baseline serious mental illness (SMI) continued to have SMI at follow-up; only 16.7% reported recovering. Older age, female sex, and severity of home damage predicted higher psychological distress, while male sex was a risk factor for alcoholism at follow-up. Conclusions: Psychological distress deteriorated 2 years after the huge natural disaster, compared with 1 year after the disaster. Long-term mental health care is needed for those affected by natural disasters, particularly those who have suffered loss. Keywords: Natural disaster, Psychological distress, Alcoholism, Longitudinal study