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Abstract Background Long‐term survival can be achieved with radical local therapy in some cases of postoperative recurrence of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we evaluated post‐recurrence survival (PRS) after treatment of postoperative recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated NSCLC and examined the effectiveness of radical local therapy. Methods This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in 14 hospitals. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients with recurrence after radical resection for NSCLC. Information about the patient characteristics at recurrence, tumor‐related variables, primary surgery, and treatment for recurrence was collected. After registration, follow‐up data (e.g., treatment and survival outcomes) were obtained and analyzed. Results From 2010 to 2015, 505 patients with recurrent NSCLC were enrolled into the study, and 154 EGFR mutation‐positive cases were included. As the initial treatment for recurrence, 111 patients (72%) received chemotherapy, 14 (9%) received chemoradiotherapy, 14 (9%) received definitive radiotherapy, and seven (5%) received surgical resection. The remaining eight patients (5%) received supportive care. The median PRS and 5‐year survival rates for all cases were 64 months and 53.2%, respectively. The 5‐year survival rate according to the initial treatment was as follows: supportive care, 0%; chemotherapy, 53.3% and radical local therapy, 60.1%. The six patients who received radical local treatment remained recurrence‐free for more than 3 years after recurrence with only initial treatment. Conclusions Although radical local therapy may be curative in some patients, chemotherapy including EGFR‐TKI treatment is expected to provide long‐term survival comparable to that of radical local therapy.

Preterm low-birth-weight infants remain difficult to manage based on adequate laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to establish blood reference intervals (RIs) in those newborns who were admitted to and survived in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A multicenter prospective study was conducted among all infants admitted to 11 affiliated NICUs from 2010 to 2013. The clinical information and laboratory data were registered in a network database designed for this study. The RIs for 26 items were derived using the parametric method after applying the latent abnormal values exclusion method. The influence of birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) on the test results was expressed in terms of the standard deviation ratio (SDR), as SDRBW and SDRGA, respectively. A total of 3189 infants were admitted during the study period; 246 were excluded due to a lack of blood sampling data, and 234 were excluded for chromosomal abnormalities (n = 108), congenital anomalies requiring treatment with surgical procedures (n = 76), and death or transfer to another hospital (n = 50). As a result, 2709 infants were enrolled in this study. Both the SDRGA and SDRBW were above 0.4 in the test results for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and red blood cells (RBC); their values increased in proportion to the BW and GA. We derived 26 blood RIs for infants who were admitted to NICUs. These RIs should help in the performance of proper clinical assessments and research in the field of perinatal-neonatal medicine.