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Thrombosis is a serious and extremely dangerous disease that has a negative impact on the quality and longevity. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a pathology characterized by recurring venous, arterial, microvasculature thrombosis, pregnancy pathology with loss of the fetus and the synthesis of antiphospholipid antibodies. A high risk of thrombotic complications is also observed in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). This article presents a description of three clinical cases of Ph - negative myeloproliferative diseases, occurring in conjunction with APS. In all cases, recurrent thrombosis allowed to suspect the presence of two diseases - MPN and APS.

The paper describes 4 clinical cases of thrombotic events (pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombophlebitis, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke) that have occurred in patients with hemophilia. It discusses the possible causes of their development and methods for their prevention and treatment. Controlled natural hypocoagulation, in which the dose of an administered deficient factor decreases to such an extent that in order to maintain the safe level of hypocoagulation (plasma factor activity is 15—20%; activated partial thromboplastin time is 1.5—2 times normal values), is proposed as one of the treatment options.

Primary skin large B-cell lymphosarcomas (PLBCL) present with skin lesions, other organs and systems are not involved. As CHOP courses are not high effective in PLBCL, we were the first to treat a patient with modified block therapy NHL BFM-90. A complete remission was achieved after the first course of polychemotherapy and was consolidated by two courses of treatment. Further follow-up is needed.

Aim. To make a comparative morphometric analysis of the nuclei and nucleoli of tumor cells in lymphogranulomatosis (LGM), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) for differential diagnosis of these lymphomas. Material and methods. Biopsy material (lymph node biopsies) was frozen in hexan, fixed and stained, then microscopic pictures were made. Results. Mean area of tumor cell nuclei in LGM was 97.25 ± 68.77 mcm2, in DLBCL and ALCL - 55.89 ± 20.13 mcm2 and 70.31 ± 34.64 mcm2, respectively. The area differences were significant (p < 0.001). Hodgkins and Berezovsky-Rid-Sternberg cell bucleoli area was the largest (11.44 ± 7.83 mcm2). The nucleoli of the former are larger than those of the latter. Mean area of the nucleoli in DLBCL was 3.05 ± 1.58, in ALCL - 5.53 ± 4.94 mcm2. The differences are significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Nucleoli in Hodgkins cells are significantly larger than those in the tumor cells in ALCL and DLBCL and the nucleoli with the area more than 12 mcm2 can be used in differential diagnosis between LGM and DLBCL but not between LGM and ALCL.

Aim. To compare efficacy of NHL-BFM-90 and CHOP-like courses in the treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Material and methods. Twenty-two patients with ALCL participated in the study. The diagnosis was made basing on the findings of clinical, device, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic examinations with application of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to CD30, ALK, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD7, CD34, CD15, CD68, CD20, CD45RO, CD45RA, Ki-67. 14 cases of 22 were negative by kinase of anaplastic lymphocytes (ALK-) and 8 were positive (ALK+). Mean age of ALK-ALCL patients was 39.6 + 4.1 years, of ALK+ALCL patients - 23.4 + 2.6 years. 14 patients were treated by the protocol NHL-BFM-90, 8 were initially treated with other schemes (CHOP, MACOP-В, BEACOPP and others). All 14 patients treated according to NHL-BFM-90 had ALCL stages III-IV with B-symptoms. 12 patients who completed treatment by the above protocol achieved complete remission after the forth course, 2 patients failed the treatment. Of 8 ALCL patients treated initially according to other schemes, a complete remission was achieved in 4 patients (2 had stage II). One of 4 patients with remission had recurrence. Four patients who had failed to achieve complete remission died of the disease progression. Conclusion. ALCL occurs more frequently in young and middle-aged patients. The disease has an aggressive course with rapid generalization. For such processes it is more preferable to use a modified protocol NHL-BFM-90.

Plasma fibronectin is a high molecular weight adhesive glycoprotein. There are two types of fibronectin: plasma (soluble) and cellular derived (insoluble). Electron microscopy revealed two types of structural organization of fibronectin: compact and expanded. In solution, fibronectin has a compact conformation, and after binding to certain substrates (collagen, fibrin, heparin), it is expanded. Plasma fibronectin is one of the main opsonins of blood plasma in relation to the “targets” of phagocytosis of a predominantly non-bacterial nature, as well as to some types of bacteria. For the treatment of septic processes, as well as respiratory distress syndrome of adults with severe fibronectin deficiency, plasma cryoprecipitate is used – a donor plasma preparation containing a large amount of plasma fibronectin (more than 2 mg/ml). It was proposed to replenish the level of fibronectin in patients with sepsis and other conditions that cause plasma fibronectin deficiency with the help of donor freshly frozen plasma. Transfusion of large volumes of freshly frozen plasma (up to 1000–1500 ml) to patients effectively eliminates the deficiency of plasma fibronectin. The concentration of plasma fibronectin in the blood significantly decreases after the addition of severe infectious processes to hematological diseases, as well as acute DIC syndrome. Extracorporeal methods of blood purification – selective plasmapheresis – have been developed to correct immunocomplex and fibronectin-complex pathology. Two variants of selective plasmapheresis have been proposed: the method of heparinocryoprecipitation of plasma proteins and the method of heparinocryofractionation. In 1987, a plasma heparin precipitate was proposed as a source of fibronectin for the treatment of patients with trophic skin lesions. In 1992, a new method was proposed for obtaining blood preparations with a high concentration of plasma fibronectin from patients themselves (heparin cryofractionation). Autofibronectin preparations obtained by such methods are effective in the local treatment of trophic ulcers in 90–93% of cases. The proposed drugs are safe against infection of patients with infectious diseases transmitted through the blood.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious and potentially life-threatening side effect of heparinotherapy. It is an antibody-mediated process that causes platelet activation, increases the procoagulant characteristics of the blood and, as a result, endangering limbs and life-threatening thrombosis. Venous thrombosis is more common than arterial thrombosis, especially deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and pulmonary artery thrombosis. Mortality from complications of heparinotherapy occurs with a frequency of 20–30 % of cases. Diagnosis of HIT is difficult. Such basic symptoms as thrombocytopenia and thrombosis are extremely non-specific and may be present in cancer patients and patients with cardiosurgical pathologies without the impact of heparin. Women are twice as likely to have HIT as men. This review describes pathogenesis, clinical features, modern diagnostic methods, risk factors for the emergence of this formidable complication of heparinotherapy, gives an overview of the most frequent use of drugs for the treatment of HIT, and gives modern clinical recommendations for different groups of patients.

We describe an application of a cell-binding microarray – to parallel study of morphology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and detection of surface markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 90 atients with suspected hairy cell leukemia (HCL). We have formulated the microarray-based diagnostic criteria for hairy cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). According to these criteria we have suggested the presence of HCL for 55 patients, HCLv – for 7 patients and SMZL – for 10 patients from the studied cohort. These diagnoses were confirmed by standard diagnostic methods in all cases. These results show that the cellbinding microarray can be used in differential diagnosis of HCL, while the high sensitivity of the microarray permits to detect the leukemic cells in spite of leukopenia and low hairy cell content.

Primary myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that occurs de novo, characterized by clonal proliferation of stem cells, abnormal expression of cytokines, bone marrow fibrosis, hepatosplenomegaly as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis, symptoms of tumor intoxication, cachexemia, peripheral blood leukoerythroblastosis, leukemic progression and low survival. Primary myelofibrosis is a chronic incurable disease. The aims of therapy: preventing progression, increasing overall survival, improving quality of life. The choice of therapeutic tactics is limited. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only method that gives a chance for a cure. The role of mutations in a number of genes in the early identification of candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is being actively studied. The article describes the clinical case of the detection ofASXL1gene mutations in a patient with prefibrous primary myelofibrosis. The diagnosis was established on the basis of WHO criteria 2016. The examination revealed a mutation ofASXL1. Interferon alfa therapy is carried out, against the background of which clinico-hematological remission has been achieved. Despite the identified mutation, the patient is not a candidate for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Given the unfavorable prognostic value of theASXL1mutation, the patient is subject to active dynamic observation and aggressive therapeutic tactics when signs of disease progression appear.

Introduction. The term “cryoglobulinemia” is currently used to identify immunoglobulins in vitro in the blood serum that precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C; in vivo they form immune complexes that can be deposited in small vessels and activate the complement system with the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Cryoglobulinemia may develop in various lymphoproliferative, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Aim of study. To develop the technique of plasma proteins cryofraction (selective plasmapheresis with the use of heparin as a stimulant of fibronectin opsonic activity and purified autoplasma to compensate for the removed volume), to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of the developed technique in the treatment of patients with cryoglobulinemia. Materials and methods. 159 patients were treated (120 women and 39 men aged 21 to 83 years). Research results. Heparinocryofraction technique is a highly effective method of extracorporeal blood purification, which allows to selectively remove from the patients’ plasma such pathological components as cryoglobulins (up to 100% of the initial content), adhesive proteins (up to 84% of the initial content), fibronectin and immune complexes (up to 7% of the initial content). It is possible to reduce significantly and reliably the level of cryoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, non-specific markers of inflammation, daily proteinuria, as well as to normalize the initially reduced concentration of complement components and hemoglobin in the blood of patients with cryoglobulinemia before and after the procedure of cryofractionation. Purified by the proposed method autoplasma is a solution of albumin and normal immunoglobulins, which allows to use it for plasma substitution during a course of cryofractionation procedures, on average 7 procedures with an interval of 1–2 days. Conclusion. The technique of cryofractionation using heparin and purified autoplasma can and should be widely used in the complex treatment of patients with cryoglobulinemia. Carrying out 6–-7 sessions of plasma cryofractionation allows to remove cryoglobulins from plasma effectively and selectively. Application of purified autoplasma allows to avoid using of blood preparations in plasmapheresis. The proposed method allows to significantly improve the efficiency and tolerance of medication therapy and increase the duration of disease remission.

We describe an application of a cell-binding microarray – to parallel study of morphology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and detection of surface markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 90 atients with suspected hairy cell leukemia (HCL). We have formulated the microarray-based diagnostic criteria for hairy cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). According to these criteria we have suggested the presence of HCL for 55 patients, HCLv – for 7 patients and SMZL – for 10 patients from the studied cohort. These diagnoses were confirmed by standard diagnostic methods in all cases. These results show that the cellbinding microarray can be used in differential diagnosis of HCL, while the high sensitivity of the microarray permits to detect the leukemic cells in spite of leukopenia and low hairy cell content.