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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors with different orientation behaviors were prepared by changing the coagulation bath conditions such as concentration and temperature. The orientation structure of the PAN precursor was determined by the method of sound velocity. X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy were used to investigate the crystalline structure and morphological characterization of nascent fiber, and the correlation between orientation of precursor and structure of nascent fiber was established. The molecular chain orientation ability “a” was defined as the slope of the logarithmic fitting curve of the degree of orientation varying with the drafting ratio, and the relationship between “a” and the crystallinity of nascent fiber was studied. The results show that the higher crystallinity nascent fiber has, the lower drawing ability PAN precursor has, and the higher degree of orientation has under the same drafting ratios. The maximum drafting factor of polyacrylonitrile precursor is significantly affected by radial structure of nascent fiber, it reaches the local maximum when the coagulation bath concentration is 74%. The fiber with high solvent content has higher molecular chain orientation ability than the fiber with low solvent content. The molecular chain orientation ability of precursor increases with the crystallinity of nascent fiber.

The purpose of this study was to separate lumbrokinase in Pheretima praepinguis and examine its enzymatic properties. With P. praepinguis as material, lumbrokinase was separated with the salting out method. Lumbrokinase activity was measured with casein medium plate method. Effect of pH and temperature on lumbrokinase activity was studied. Results of lumbrokinase separated from P. praepinguis was relatively high. Lumbrokinase activity in neutral or slightly alkaline environment was higher. Lumbrokinase had tolerance ability to high temperature, with highly enzymatic activity under 60°C and wide range of temperature adaptation.

The purpose of this study was to separate lumbrokinase in Pheretima praepinguis and examine its enzymatic properties. With P. praepinguis as material, lumbrokinase was separated with the salting out method. Lumbrokinase activity was measured with casein medium plate method. Effect of pH and temperature on lumbrokinase activity was studied. Results of lumbrokinase separated from P. praepinguis was relatively high. Lumbrokinase activity in neutral or slightly alkaline environment was higher. Lumbrokinase had tolerance ability to high temperature, with highly enzymatic activity under 60°C and wide range of temperature adaptation.

Emerging miniaturized atomic sensors such as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have attracted widespread interest due to their application in high-spatial-resolution biomagnetism imaging. While optical probing systems in conventional OPMs require bulk optical devices including linear polarizers and lenses for polarization conversion and wavefront shaping, which are challenging for chip-scale integration. In this study, an integrated optical probing scheme based on localized-interference metasurface for chip-scale OPM is developed. Our monolithic metasurface allows tailorable linear polarization conversion and wavefront manipulation. Two silicon-based metasurfaces namely meta-polarizer and meta-polarizer-lens are fabricated and characterized, with maximum transmission efficiency and extinction ratio (ER) of 86.29 % and 14.2 dB for the meta-polarizer as well as focusing efficiency and ER of 72.79 % and 6.4 dB for the meta-polarizer-lens, respectively. A miniaturized vapor cell with 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 dimension containing 87Rb and N2 is combined with the meta-polarizer to construct a compact zero-field resonance OPM for proof of concept. The sensitivity of this sensor reaches approximately 9 fT/Hz1/2 with a dynamic range near zero magnetic field of about ±2.3 nT. This study provides a promising solution for chip-scale optical probing, which holds potential for the development of chip-integrated OPMs as well as other advanced atomic devices where the integration of optical probing system is expected.

[Objective] The study aims to reveal the pollination Ottelia acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa, elucidate the factors affecting successful pollination, and provide theoretical and technical guidance for hybrid breeding between the two species. [Methods] Using O. acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa as subjects, by observing their flowering dynamics, insect visitation behaviors, and measuring pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and hybrid compatibility index, the study investigated their pollination characteristics and hybrid compatibility. [Results] The flowering dynamics of O. acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa were fundamentally similar, with each flower lasting 7-11 h. The main pollinating insects include Episyrphus balteatus and Apis cerana. The vitality of the pollen and the receptivity of the stigma both showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The peak pollen viabilities for O. acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa were 88.27% and 88.34%, respectively, and the stigmas were all the highest at anthesis Ⅱ. The fruit set rates for direct and reciprocal crosses were 85.71% and 91.33%, respectively, with hybrid compatibility indices both greater than 53. The average number of seeds per fruit for self-pollination were 54 and 69, respectively, and for direct and reciprocal crosses, 73 and 71, respectively. The seed germination rates for self-pollination were 71.7% and 27.3%, respectively, and for direct and reciprocal crosses, 22.6% and 19.7%, respectively. [Conclusion] The flowering dynamics of O. acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa are fundamentally similar, with each having a short flowering period. There are fewer types of pollinating insects, which affects sexual reproduction, yet there is no significant evidence of hybrid incompatibility.

Bamboo, one of the richest non-timber resources, thrives in vast tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The surge of interest in bamboo materials stems from their profound contributions to polymer matrix composites, lauded for their environmental sustainability, mechanical properties, and recyclability. However, the inherent hydrophilicity of bamboo poses a challenge to achieve optimal compatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices, impede interfacial bonding, and reduce the effectiveness of fiber-reinforced composites. To address these hurdles, economical and environmentally sustainable heat treatment methods have emerged as pivotal tools for enhancing the surface properties of bamboo. Delving into the depths of thermal treatment research, this article meticulously summarizes the influences of varying temperatures, time, and medium on the structure of bamboo. Moreover, it reviews the mechanical properties and surface moisture content of bamboo after heat treatment, providing insights crucial for advancing the frontier of bamboo-based materials.

Ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme E2C (UBE2C) is a crucial component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that is involved in numerous cancers. In this study, we find that UBE2C expression is significantly increased in mouse embryos, a critical stage during skeletal muscle development. We further investigate the function of UBE2C in myogenesis. Knockdown of UBE2C inhibits C2C12 cell differentiation and decreases the expressions of MyoG and MyHC, while overexpression of UBE2C promotes C2C12 cell differentiation. Additionally, knockdown of UBE2C, specifically in the tibialis anterior muscle (TA), severely impedes muscle regeneration in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that UBE2C knockdown reduces the level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and promotes the degradation of Akt. These findings suggest that UBE2C plays a critical role in myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration and that UBE2C regulates myogenesis through the Akt signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the preventive effect of Lactobacillus paracasei FZU103 (LP-FZU103) on alcoholic liver injury (ALI). Methods: Altogether 36 specific pathogen free- (SPF-) grade ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, model and experimental (LP-FZU103 intervention). After the six-week experiment, body mass, organ coefficients, serum and liver biochemical indexes, liver histopathology and inflammatory cytokines, the transcription of liver function-related genes and intestinal flora composition were measured. Results: Compared with the model group, intervention of LP-FZU103 improved the organ coefficients and pathological liver damage in ALI mice, significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum, increased the serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), significantly increased the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver, and decreased MDA content and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in the liver. Moreover, LP-FZU103 intervention significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of the lipid metabolism-related gene Ldlr and down-regulated the mRNA expression level of Acc1, Hmgcr and Cd36 as well as increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus paracasei in the gut of mice. Conclusion: LP-FZU103 intervention can prevent and control the occurrence of alcoholic liver injury in mice, which is closely related to the improved intestinal flora and liver metabolic function.

The aroma components of white tea from the new tea strain ‘Baiyun 0492’ (also known as Baiyun Tezaocha) and ‘Fuyun 6’ as a control were analyzed and compared by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) in an effort to identify the characteristic aroma components of ‘Baiyun 0492’ white tea. A total of 928 aroma compounds were detected in six white tea samples (of three different grades for each type), and nonyl acetate, contributing to floral and fruity aromas, might be an aroma compound unique to ‘Baiyun 0492’ tea. The results of relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis showed that β-ionone, linalyl acetate, linalool, (Z)-decan-2-enal, damascenone, neral and citral were the key aroma components in both white teas. Based on orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the contents of linalool, methyl benzoate, hotrienol, nonyl acetate, 3,7-dimethy-6-actenoic acid and geranyl formate in ‘Baiyun 0492’ tea were significantly higher than those in ‘Fuyun 6’ tea (variable important in the projection (VIP) >1, P < 0.05). Linalsol and methyl benzoate were important aroma compounds of ‘Baiyun 0492’ white tea, responsible for pekoe-like, fruity and floral aromas. This study is helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the aroma characteristics of ‘Baiyun 0492’ white tea, and provides a scientific basis for the research and development of ‘Baiyun 0492’ white tea products with distinctive personality.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in tumor progression. CircPVT1 is an oncogene that is abnormally expressed and correlated with a variety of tumors. It can regulate tumors' malignant behavior and affect the survival and prognosis of patients. This article reviews research on the regulatory roles of circPVT1 in tumors to provide references for accurate treatment.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer with a poor prognosis due to a lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ccRCC. In this study, we investigated the aberrant expression of Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in ccRCC and evaluated its potential in diagnosis and prognosis. ACOX1 is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the peroxidation β-oxidation pathway and is involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidative catabolism. The mRNA and protein levels of ACOX1 were significantly downregulated in ccRCC, and its downregulation was closely associated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage of patients. The ROC curves showed that ACOX1 possesses a high diagnostic value for ccRCC. The OS analysis suggested that lower expression of ACOX1 was closely related to the worse outcome of patients. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that expression of ACOX1 was positively correlated with CDH1, CDH2, CDKL2, and EPCAM, while negatively correlated with MMP9 and VIM, which strongly indicated that ACOX1 may inhibit the invasion and migration of ccRCC by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we screened out that miR-16-5p is upregulated at the mRNA transcript level in ccRCC and negatively correlated with ACOX1. In conclusion, our results showed that ACOX1 is abnormally low expressed in ccRCC, suggesting that it could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. Overexpression of miR-16-5p may be responsible for the inactivation of ACOX1.

Under the guidance of China′s ecological civilization policy, while the utilization of industrial water has been improved, the total wastewater discharge still cannot be neglected. Therefore, zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of industrial wastewater has been highlighted as an essential path to realize the utilization of waste. However, waste salt and high-concentration brine are generated during the zero liquid discharge process. The disposal of waste salt is challenging in China, and there is little progress in its utilization, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the ZLD process. Compared with the conventional process employing pure salt, the ionic membrane-based Chlor-alkali system using industrial waste salt would be influenced by the presence of impurity components in the feed, which may lead to new challenges such as membrane fouling. To address the limitations, this review paper will introduce the principle and process of recycling waste salt in the ionic membrane-based Chlor-alkali industry, discuss the process mechanism and characterization methods of membrane fouling caused by anions/cations and dissolved organic matter, put forward reasonable countermeasures such as feed control, membrane cleaning and process optimization, and explore future research prospects on adjustment of the feed water quality and the development of high-performance cation exchange membranes. This review aims to promote the development and application of waste salt recycling technology in the process of zero liquid discharge of industrial wastewater.

BackgroundPrevious clinical studies have found that negative mental states such as depression and anxiety are closely related to COVID-19 infection. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, and COVID-19 infection.MethodsOur data were based on publicly available GWAS databases. The COVID-19 samples were obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI). The depression samples were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). The anxiety samples were derived from the Finngen database. We used inverse-variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analysis method, with weighted median, MR Egger, and multivariate MRI adjustment.ResultsThere was no causal effect of different COVID-19 infection statuses on depression and anxiety as determined by MR analysis. In addition, in the reverse MR analysis, we found a significant causal effect of anxiety on severe symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The results of the MR Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were consistent with the IVW method. Based on sensitivity analyses, horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to influence the final results.ConclusionOur findings indicate that anxiety is a risk factor for severe symptoms following COVID-19 infection. However, the mechanism of interaction between the two needs further investigation.

E3 ubiquitin ligases are closely related to cell division, differentiation, and survival in all eukaryotes and play crucial regulatory roles in multiple biological processes and diseases. While Deltex2, as a member of the DELTEX family ubiquitin ligases, is characterized by a RING domain followed by a C-terminal domain (DTC), its functions and underlying mechanisms in myogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Deltex2, which is highly expressed in muscles, positively regulates myoblast proliferation via mediating the expression of Pax7. Meanwhile, we find that Deltex2 is translocated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm during myogenic differentiation, and further disclose that Deltex2 inhibits myoblast differentiation and interacts with MyoD, resulting in the ubiquitination and degradation of MyoD. Altogether, our findings reveal the physiological function of Deltex2 in orchestrating myogenesis and delineate the novel role of Deltex2 as a negative regulator of MyoD protein stability.

The systems for multiphoton 3D nanoprinting are rapidly increasing in print speed for larger throughput and scale, unfortunately without also improvement in resolution. Separately, the process of photoinhibition lithography has been demonstrated to enhance the resolution of multiphoton printing through the introduction of a secondary laser source. The photo-chemical dynamics and interactions for achieving photoinhibition in the various multiphoton photoinitiator systems are complex and still not well understood. Here, we examine the photoinhibition process of the common photoinitiator 7-diethylamino 3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) with inhibition lasers near or at the multiphoton printing laser wavelength in typical low peak intensity, high repetition rate 3D nanoprinting processes. We demonstrate the clear inhibition of the polymerization process consistent with a triplet absorption deactivation mechanism for a DETC photoresist as well as show inhibition for several other photoresist systems. Additionally, we explore options to recover the photoinhibition process when printing with high intensity, low repetition rate lasers. Finally, we demonstrate photoinhibition in a projection multiphoton printing system. This investigation of photoinhibition lithography with common photoinitiators elucidates the possibility for photoinhibition occurring in many resist systems with typical high repetition rate multiphoton printing lasers as well as for high-speed projection multiphoton printing.

To help to bring about “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”， the traditional power system with fossil energy as its mainstay will be transformed into a new power system dominated by new energy. Zhejiang province， against such a background， has seen rapid growth in the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation. Due to the randomness and fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation， high-proportion photovoltaic power has imposed new impact and challenges on the dispatch and operation of power system. Therefore， based on the existing research on the impact of photovoltaic power generation integration on power system， this paper summarizes and analyzes the impact of photovoltaic power generation on the balance of power generation and consumption in Zhejiang power grid， and the countermeasures as well. First， based on the characteristics of Zhejiang power grid， this paper analyzes the impact of high-proportion photovoltaic power integration on Zhejiang power grid from three aspects： typical load curve， power supply， and photovoltaic power generation support. Then， on the basis of the known impact， the relevant challenges are summarized on the short-term and medium and long-term time scales. Finally， a solution that can adapt to the effective consumption of photovoltaics and ensure the balance of the power system with the integration of high-proportion photovoltaic power in the future is proposed.

Energy-saving buildings have become a topical issue and widely used the energy-saving ventilation design, which aims to maximize the use of natural ventilation while reducing demand on mechanical ventilation. In this research, natural ventilation performance of two different semi-enclosed building layouts, "O" type and "L-L" type, are studied by numerical simulation. According to the simulation results, in the "O" type, the maximum indoor air velocity occurs in building A (orientation facing the inflow direction). The minimum indoor air velocity occurs in building C (orientation facing building A). In the "L-L" type, the maximum indoor air velocity occurs in building A (orientation facing the inflow direction). The minimum indoor air velocity occurs in buildings B and D (orientation parallel to the inflow direction). And air flow field simulation results show that, the "L-L" type exhibits better than the "O" type in natural ventilation. Furthermore, simulation results show that the natural ventilation performance in the room is influenced not only by the building orientation, but also by the window size.

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are rarely reported in cancer. This study is based on The Cancer Genome Atlas genome-wide data set to explore the prognostic value and molecular mechanism of snRNAs in gastric cancer (GC). Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analysis were used to explore the molecular mechanism of snRNAs. A total of 351 patients were included in the survival analysis, and 14 prognostic snRNAs were identified using multivariate survival analysis. We constructed a prognostic signature containing nine snRNAs, which can signally classify patients into high- and low-risk phenotypes (adjusted P < 0.0001, hazard ratio = 2.671, 95% confidence interval = 1.850–3.858). Combining the molecular mechanisms obtained by the three functional enrichment approaches, we concluded that this prognostic signature snRNAs participated in classical tumor-related signaling pathways, including Notch, PI3K, toll-like receptor, etc.; cell adhesion; cell cycle; cell proliferation; and other biological processes that affect the biological phenotype of cancer cells. We also found significant downregulation of the abundance of immune cell infiltrates and immune microenvironment scores for high-risk phenotypes of GC patients. In conclusion, this study has identified 14 prognostic snRNAs signally associated with GC overall survival and also constructed a novel prognostic signature containing nine prognostic snRNAs.

The Ordinary Kriging method is a common spatial interpolation algorithm in geostatistics. Because the semivariogram required for kriging interpolation greatly influences this process, optimal fitting of the semivariogram is of major significance for improving the theoretical accuracy of spatial interpolation. A deep neural network is a machine learning algorithm that can, in principle, be applied to any function, including a semivariogram. Accordingly, a novel spatial interpolation method based on a deep neural network and Ordinary Kriging was proposed in this research, and elevation data were used as a case study. Compared with the semivariogram fitted by the traditional exponential model, spherical model, and Gaussian model, the kriging variance in the proposed method is smaller, which means that the interpolation results are closer to the theoretical results of Ordinary Kriging interpolation. At the same time, this research can simplify processes for a variety of semivariogram analyses.

Islet β cell apoptosis plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. We previously reported that Par-4-mediated islet β cell apoptosis is induced by high-glucose/fatty acid levels. In the present study, we show that Par-4, which is induced by high-glucose/fatty acid levels, interacts with and inhibits TERT in the cytoplasm and then translocates to the nucleus. Par-4 also inhibited Akt phosphorylation, leading to islet β cell apoptosis. We inhibited Par-4 in islet β cells under high-glucose/fatty acid conditions and knocked out Par-4 in diabetic mice, which led to the up-regulation of TERT and an improvement in the apoptosis rate. We inhibited Akt phosphorylation in islet β cells and diabetic mice, which led to aggressive apoptosis. In addition, the biological film interference technique revealed that Par-4 bound to TERT via its NLS and leucine zipper domains. Our research suggests that Par-4 activation and binding to TERT are key steps required for inducing the apoptosis of islet β cells under high-glucose/fatty acid conditions. Inhibiting Akt phosphorylation aggravated apoptosis by activating Par-4 and inhibiting TERT, and Par-4 inhibition may be an attractive target for the treatment of islet β cell apoptosis.

Abstract Background This study aims to analyze breast cancer burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) were used for attributable burden, and age‐period‐cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. Results In 2019, the age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI were 1.107 (95% UI: 0.311, 2.327) and 29.990 (8.384, 60.713) per 100 000, and mortality and DALY rates attributable to high FPG were 0.519 (0.095, 1.226) and 13.662 (2.482, 32.425) per 100 000. From 1990 to 2019, the age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI increased by 1.192% and 1.180%, and the trends of high FPG were not statistically significant. The APC results showed that the age effects of high BMI and high FPG‐mortality and DALY rates increased, with the highest rates in the age group over 80 years. The birth cohort effects of high BMI showed “inverted V” shapes, while high FPG showed downward trends. Conclusions Age was the main reason for the increase of attributable burden, and postmenopausal women were the high‐risk groups. Therefore, targeted prevention measures should be developed to improve postmenopausal women's awareness and effectively reduce the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, thereby reducing the breast cancer burden caused by metabolic factors in China.

Objective. To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exenatide on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods. Rats were divided into control group, diabetes group (D), diabetes treated with insulin (DI) group, and diabetes treat with exenatide (DE) group. We detected apoptosis rate by TUNEL, the adiponectin and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) by ELISA, and the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and NF-κB by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results. Compared with the D group, the apoptosis in the Control and DE groups was decreased (P

Abstract Background Trimethylation of the Nε-lysine residues in a protein is one of the most important events of posttranslational modifications. Simple methods for rapid detection and isolation of the Nε-trimethylated protein species are needed. This report introduces a novel method to prepare the affinity purified antibody specific for the Nε-trimethylated lysine (tMeK). The applications of the purified antibody are also reported in this paper. Methods We generated the methylated keyhole limpet heomocyanin (KLH) under controlled chemical methylation reaction using CH3I and used it as an immunogen to raise anti-methylated lysine antibodies. The tMeK specific antibody was selectively isolated using a two-step affinity chromatography in which the mMeK/dMeK specific antibodies were removed and the tMeK specific antibody was captured. Finally, the eluted anti-tMeK antibody was characterized. Results The ELISA results indicated that the antibody reacted only to tMeK but not to mono- and dimethyllysine. Western-blot results showed that the Nε-trimethylated proteins were detected in both animal tissue and cultured cells and that the antibody signal could be competitively inhibited with free tMeK. Conclusion The specific tMeK antibody we developed is useful for one-step isolation of proteins with Nε-trimethyllysine residues and also for the detection, identification and localization of proteins with trimethyllysine residues in the cells.

BackgroundCuproptosis is a new modality of cell death regulation that is currently considered as a new cancer treatment strategy. Nevertheless, the prognostic predictive value of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. Using cuproptosis-related lncRNAs, this study aims to predict the immune microenvironment and prognosis of BC patients. and develop new therapeutic strategies that target the disease.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database provided the RNA-seq data along with the corresponding clinical and prognostic information. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to acquire lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis to establish predictive features. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival rate (OS) in the high-risk and low-risk groups. High risk and low risk gene sets were enriched to explore functional discrepancies among risk teams. The mutation data were analyzed using the “MAFTools” r-package. The ties of predictive characteristics and immune status had been explored by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Last, the correlation between predictive features and treatment condition in patients with BC was analyzed. Based on prognostic risk models, we assessed associations between risk subgroups and immune scores and immune checkpoints. In addition, drug responses in at-risk populations were predicted.ResultsWe identified a set of 11 Cuproptosis-Related lncRNAs (GORAB-AS1, AC 079922.2, AL 589765.4, AC 005696.4, Cytor, ZNF 197-AS1, AC 002398.1, AL 451085.3, YTH DF 3-AS1, AC 008771.1, LINC 02446), based on which to construct the risk model. In comparison to the high-risk group, the low-risk patients lived longer (p < 0.001). Moreover, cuproptosis-related lncRNA profiles can independently predict prognosis in BC patients. The AUC values for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of 1-, 3-, and 5-year risk were 0.849, 0.779, and 0.794, respectively. Patients in the high-risk group had lower OS than those in the low-risk group when they were divided into groups based on various clinicopathological variables. The tumor burden mutations (TMB) correlation analysis showed that high TMB had a worse prognosis than low-TMB, and gene mutations were found to be different in high and low TMB groups, such as PIK3CA (36% versus 32%), SYNE1 (4% versus 6%). Gene enrichment analysis indicated that the differential genes were significantly concentrated in immune-related pathways. The predictive traits were significantly correlated with the immune status of BC patients, according to ssGSEA results. Finally, high-risk patients showed high sensitivity in anti-CD276 immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs such as imatinib, lapatinib, and pazopanib.ConclusionWe successfully constructed of a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature, which can independently predict the prognosis of BC patients and can be used to estimate OS and clinical treatment outcomes in BRCA patients. It will serve as a foundation for further research into the mechanism of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in breast cancer, as well as for the development of new markers and therapeutic targets for the disease.

Objective: To identify the compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud (Chou Mu Dan, 臭牡丹) using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Methods: The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud (Chou Mu Dan, 臭牡丹) were partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The assay for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction, and the bioactive compounds present in this fraction were identified by the HPLC- ESI-QTOF-MS/MS method. Results: A total of 29 compounds were determined, among the identified bioactive components; these included 12 phenylethanoid glycosides (compounds 5, 6, 12-17, 20-22, 24), 7 flavonoids (compounds 10, 19, 23, 25-28), 5 phenolic acids (compounds 2-4, 7, 9), and 5 other compounds. Compounds 2-4, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 15, 19, and 26, with a potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, have been reported previously. Conclusions: Our results show that the methodology used in this study is feasible, credible, and rapid in identifying known compounds and also for characterizing new natural α- glucosidase inhibitory candidates from Clerodendrum bungei Steud (Chou Mu Dan, 臭牡丹). Keywords: α-glucosidase inhibitor, Clerodendrum bungei Steud (Chou Mu Dan, 臭, 牡,丹), HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS