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This study examines the method of istinbath al-ahkam (deriving legal rulings) employed by scholars and leaders of the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj in issuing fatwas in North Sumatra and its impact on social interaction and harmony among different religious communities. The research adopts a combined approach, encompassing a doctrinal perspective on istinbath al-ahkam and a non-doctrinal view on legal socialization issues. Through literature review, interviews, and observations, data is gathered from the fatwas of Salafi-Wahabi scholars such as Sheikh Muhammad Nasiruddin Albani, Abdullah bin Baz, and Muhammad Shalih Fauzan. The findings indicate that the istibath al-ahkam method applied by Salafi-Wahabi adheres to the principles of the Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, though leaning towards the Hanbali school of thought. In legal socialization, Salafi-Wahabi initiates it from the smallest social units to educational institutions and media, with a focus on study circles (halaqah). This legal socialization enhances legal awareness among the people of North Sumatra but also brings the potential for conflict and disharmony. Certain teachings within the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj, such as tabdi’, tadlil, tahzir, takfiri, and the restriction of learning exclusively from Salafi-Wahabi scholars, have the potential to create tension among groups and religious communities. While not all members of the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj share identical views, a majority tends to embrace these controversial concepts. Therefore, extremist ideologies emerging within the Salafi-Wahabi jihadist faction pose a potential threat to national political stability. Penelitian ini mengkaji metode istibath al-ahkam yang digunakan oleh para ulama dan pemimpin manhaj Salafi-Wahabi dalam mengeluarkan fatwa di Sumatera Utara dan dampaknya terhadap interaksi sosial dan kerukunan di antara berbagai komunitas agama yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan gabungan, yang mencakup perspektif doktrinal tentang istibath al-ahkam dan pandangan non-doktrinal tentang isu-isu sosialisasi hukum. Melalui studi literatur, wawancara, dan observasi, data dikumpulkan dari fatwa-fatwa ulama Salafi-Wahabi seperti Syekh Muhammad Nasiruddin Albani, Abdullah bin Baz, dan Muhammad Shalih Fauzan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode istibath al-ahkam yang diterapkan oleh Salafi-Wahabi menganut prinsip-prinsip Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, meskipun lebih condong ke mazhab Hanbali. Dalam sosialisasi hukum, Salafi-Wahabi memulainya dari unit sosial terkecil hingga lembaga pendidikan dan media, dengan fokus pada kelompok-kelompok pengajian (halaqah). Sosialisasi hukum ini meningkatkan kesadaran hukum di kalangan masyarakat Sumatera Utara, namun juga membawa potensi konflik dan ketidakharmonisan. Ajaran-ajaran tertentu dalam manhaj Salafi-Wahabi, seperti tabdi', tadlil, tahzir, takfiri, dan pembatasan belajar secara eksklusif dari ulama Salafi-Wahabi, memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan ketegangan di antara kelompok-kelompok dan komunitas-komunitas keagamaan. Meskipun tidak semua anggota manhaj Salafi-Wahabi memiliki pandangan yang sama, mayoritas cenderung menganut konsep-konsep kontroversial ini. Oleh karena itu, ideologi ekstremis yang muncul di dalam faksi jihadis Salafi-Wahabi menimbulkan ancaman potensial terhadap stabilitas politik nasional.

Introduction: the article presents results of the empirical study conducted in the period from October 2021 to February 2022 with the participation of 167 minors aged 14 to 17 years who committed offenses and (or) crimes. Purpose: to identify personal characteristics of juvenile offenders underlying the formation of defects in legal socialization (legal negativism, legal infantilism, legal nihilism, conscious criminal behavior) for further construction of adapted (depending on the form of defectiveness) psycho-correction programs aimed at preventing recommission of crimes. Methods: to solve the tasks, the appropriate methodological tools are selected: Rogers-Diamond Methodology for Diagnosing Socio-Psychological Adaptation, High School Personality Questionnaire by R. Cattell, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale (SACS) (as adapted by N.V. Vodop’yanova and E.A. Starchenkova), questionnaire “Diagnostics of Value Orientations of Adolescents” by V.F. Sopova and L.V. Karpushina, methodology “Attitude to Law” by S.P. Beznosov. Statistical processing of the empirical study results was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The obtained results were subjected to primary, frequency, and correlation analysis. Results: it is established that legal socialization of a person is understood as person’s acquirement of lawful ways of behavior, formation of a sense of legal and social responsibility, and solidarity with the norms of law, provided by the transfer of values protected by society and law into the value-normative system of the individual. The highest level of legal socialization is the law-abiding behavior of a person as a result of a stable moral need to follow norms of law. Forms of defectiveness of legal socialization are models of attitude to norms of law, expressed in legal negativism, legal infantilism, legal nihilism, and conscious criminal behavior. Personal characteristics contributing to the formation of defects in legal socialization of minors are revealed. Conclusions: defects of legal socialization in the form of legal skepticism, cynicism, nihilism and infantilism are established in the sphere of legal awareness of juvenile offenders. At the same time, juvenile offenders who reject law are emotionally unstable, communicatively closed, externalized and maladapted. While juvenile offenders with an infantile attitude to law are communicatively open, adapted to the environment, and differ in conformity and accountability.

The article deals with topical issues of the state and formation of legal consciousness of the Russian student youth. The problems of research and formation of the legal consciousness of students is one of the acute and key problems of modern Russian society. The study of legal consciousness, its genesis and development, dramatic transformations is one of the most relevant areas in the modern Russian sociology of law. The task is to study the peculiarities of legal socialization of various socio-demographic groups in Russian society. The most important social group is the youth, since the success of the approval of the updated legal system of Russian society, the formation of a truly legal state in the conditions of the formation of a new institutional system of the state depends on the legal consciousness of the youth. The consolidation of institutional transformations requires a radical transformation of the legal consciousness of all members of society, the approval of the corresponding legal consciousness of the majority of Russian citizens, new legal values, legal values and attitudes, stable orientations to compliance with the law and lawful behavior. The methodological basis of our research is the theories of Soviet and Russian jurists. To study the state of legal awareness of students, we conducted a mass sociological survey in October 2022. The object of the study is students of the city of Yekaterinburg aged from 18 to 25 years. The sample is proportional by gender and age. The article analyzes theoretical studies of the legal consciousness of Russian sociologists and philosophers, presents the results of the author's sociological study of the state and content of the legal consciousness of students based on higher educational institutions of the city of Yekaterinburg. The need to overcome legal nihilism and increase legal literacy of young people is noted. This is especially important during the transformation of Russian society, which is characterized not only by positive processes, transformations of all spheres of socio-economic and political structure, but also by the spread of such phenomena as legal cynicism, nihilism and anomie, changes in value orientations and socio-psychological attitudes of young people, including students. Conclusions are formulated and ways and opportunities of improving the legal culture of students are identified.

Qanun Jinayat Aceh reflects Aceh's condition after being recognized as an area that is allowed to implement Islamic law. Even though it is legal, the next problem is how to actualize it so that it is not only a juridical struggle. The challenge in implementing the qanun jinayat by the Aceh government is how to be objective, not sharp down and blunt up. The next challenge is how the community is aware of the law with various legal socializations carried out by the Aceh Islamic Shari'a Service. This research is classified as field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is a juridical-empirical study. This means how the law's legality is associated with events and phenomena in the field. The primary sources in this study were informants at the Syariat Islam service in Aceh Tamiang and Langsa City, lecturers in the field of Islamic Criminal Law (HPI) at IAIN Langsa, MPU Aceh Tamiang and MPU Langsa City, and communities around Aceh Tamiang and Langsa cities. The results of the study conclude that the Qanun Jinayat has not been effective in suppressing the crime rate in Aceh. The causes are, first, because legal socialization is not right on target and only touches some levels of society. Second, many people still choose to settle jinayat cases through customary law with light sanctions, which does not have a deterrent effect.

University phase is a major turning point in youth's life and this is a time of profound mental and cognitive development of students. Without proper direction and guidance, it is common for students to develop deviant behaviors, non-law abidance and unhealthy beliefs. In this regard, an integral part of the educational process is the imparting of moral values and law-abiding behaviors in students. The objective of this study was to explore the role of higher education system in fostering law-abiding behavior among Chinese students, as well as the issues it causes for society. For this purpose, the principles of law-abiding behavior were studied and key psychological factors used in the system were identified. The suggestions of the bibliometric research are designed to improve and expand the method for preventing student misbehavior in educational institutions, hence enhancing the efficacy of preventative work with students. They may serve as the basis for the creation and enhancement of programs and strategies aimed at teaching lawful behavior among students. More than 3,785 articles were published related law-abiding behavior from 2000 to the end of July 2022 years were examined in this research using the Scopus database and the original sample was narrowed down to include only articles, book chapter and conference papers that contributed to law-abiding behavior and higher education literature. The VOS viewer software was used to execute the descriptive statistics and scientific mapping approaches using co-citation analysis. In the descriptive analysis, we analyzed publishing patterns over time, the geographical localization of the contributing institutions, journals, the most prolific authors. The findings of the present study may also provide the foundation for a planned educational initiative whose ultimate aim is to produce a fully realized, harmonious, self-reliant, mature, and law-abiding person. The study has provided supporting evidence for how youngsters legal sensibilities are shaped in universities have been implemented. Two distinct but interdependent educational spheres, the normative legal sphere and the space for the creation and development of students' personalities must work together to raise and educate youngsters.

The author argues that today the legal education system needs to be upgraded in line with socio-economic and socio-legal realities of society. This requires modernization of the legal education system, which combines practice-oriented and student-customized methods and techniques that will enhance the process of positive development of the legal socialization of the individual. The main outcome of the legal education of the individual systems are supposed to be legal awareness, values and attitudes, which can make up the legal sphere of the individual and ultimately form positive socialization of the legal person. The author supposes that in order to become entitled to life factor, a measure of real-legal behavior of the subjects, it should be as close as possible to them, so that the citizens know, appreciate and respect the laws. Only under these social and legal conditions of the legal education the system can be an effective tool in the construction of a positive level of legal socialization of the individual, i.e., when the acquired legal knowledge, values, patterns and standards turn into personal beliefs of a subject and strict adherence to legal regulations and, consequently, to the internal demand and the habit of following the rule of law.

Contemporary American policing has routinized involuntary police contacts with young people through frequent, sometimes intrusive investigative stops. Personal experience with the police has the potential to corrode adolescents’ relationships with law and skew law-related behaviors. We use the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate how adolescents’ experiences with the police shape their legal socialization. We find that both personal and vicarious police contact are associated with increased legal cynicism. Associations are present across racial groups and are not explained by teens’ behaviors, school settings, or family backgrounds. Legal cynicism is amplified in teens reporting intrusive contact but diminished among teens reporting experiences characterized by procedural justice. Our findings suggest that aggressive policing risks weakening teens’ deference to law and legal authorities.

The social and philosophical analysis of the development of the law and legal socialization idea in the history of philosophical thought is given. Besides, some negative features of the legal socialization in the contemporary Russian society are revealed.

The relevance of the topic to the continuing importance of legal regulation of human behavior, the necessity of foreseeing the adverse consequences of social disorders and urgency of the prevention of deconditioning and deviant behavioral manifestations. In this regard, it is important to examine the phenomenon of legal socialization, causing interest among the representatives of the human Sciences and specialists in different branches of psychological knowledge. Taking into account the multidimensional nature of this phenomenon, it is an essential consideration of the trajectories of its occurrence in correlation with different interacting with other determinants. Such determinants include age psychological characteristics, experience crises of mental development, socially conditioned factors, and the influence of the professional environment. In article are characterized by individual patterns of legal socialization of a personality, revealing its essence, on the basis of summarizing opinions of scientists based on their own point of view. On the basis of the theoretical analysis made assumptions about the peculiarities of legal socialization of the individual occurring in different age periods of life; formulated likely areas for further study the phenomenon under research legal psychology.

Права человека развивались и продолжают развиваться в условиях обострения противоречий между индивидуализмом и социальностью. В статье рассматривается естественное и позитивное право во взаимодействии, анализируются основные пути правовой социализации личности. Многие процессы, протекающие в глобальном обществе своеобразно преломляясь, имеют место и в российском обществе. Устоявшие на протяжении многих лет определенные нормы, эталоны, ценности, которые были призваны регулировать процесс взаимодействия людей, согласовывать интересы людей, под воздействием меняющихся условий теряют свою незыблемость и однообразие. В процессе трансформации общества правовые отношения не могут быть поняты из самих себя. В ходе правовой социализации индивид приобретает общие знания по законодательству о юридических учреждениях, о юридической практике, о правовом поведение граждан.

Insufficient knowledge about the impact of parental education on the development strategies of justice of children and adolescents in destabilizing the social conditions of modern society determines the relevance of the author's work. The study involved 64 subjects (39 women and 25 men) aged 24 to 48 years, with minor children, including 30 subjects with a harmonious style of parenting and 34 - with disharmonious style. We used a questionnaire "Analysis of family relationships" (E.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitskis), a technique of studying legal awareness of J. Tapp and F. Levine, as well as specially designed questionnaires, aimed at studying the cognitive (knowledge of parents about legal socialization) and behavioral (conversations on topics of law, reinforcement and punishment of right and wrong actions, monitoring of performance, personal example) components of legal socialization. We obtained new empirical evidence on the relation between the features of legal socialization of children and parent-child relationship, clarified the role of the individual types of parental attitudes in the formation of the legal socialization of children, revealed the factors of parental attitudes that hinder and facilitate the process of legal socialization of children

The social and philosophical analysis of the development of the law and legal socialization idea in the history of philosophical thought is given. Besides, some negative features of the legal socialization in the contemporary Russian society are revealed.

The article analyzes the dynamics of legal socialization indicators of university students. The author presents rich empirical material and reveals positive dynamics of legal socialization of students of both Law and Psychology faculties. The research's' essential conclusion is that the legal socialization of Law faculty students is, as a rule, realized by institutional mechanism. For the Psychology faculty students the interpersonal mechanism is a priority. These facts should be taken into account when teaching law subjects to students of various specialties.