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AIM: To report a one-year clinical outcomes of low-dose laser cycloplasty (LCP) among malignant glaucoma patients. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, non-comparative clinical study, participants with malignant glaucoma were recruited and underwent LCP at eight ophthalmic centers in China. Patients were followed up at 1wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12mo. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and complications were recorded. Anatomical success was defined as the reformation of the anterior chamber based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Recurrence was defined by the presence of a shallow or ?at anterior chamber after initial recovery from treatment. RESULTS: A total of 34 eyes received LCP. Mean IOP and medications decreased from 36.1±11.5 mm Hg with 3.3±1.5 glaucoma medications pre-treatment to 20.9±9.8 mm Hg (P

Abstract Sauropterygia is the largest, most successful group of Mesozoic marine diapsids, spanning from the late Early Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Plesiomorphic for sauropterygians, pachypleurosauroids are important for our understanding on the early evolution of this group. Here, we present a new pachypleurosaurid, Luopingosaurus imparilis gen. et sp. nov., based on an exceptionally preserved skeleton from the early Middle Triassic Luoping Lagerstätte in Yunnan, China. The discovery documents the first long-snouted pachypleurosaurid with an unexpected hyperphalangy in the manus, providing new insights into the morphological diversification, ecological adaption and biogeographic evolution of this clade. The discovery further indicates that there is a morphological divergence between short-snouted (brevirostrine) keichousaurids and relatively long-snouted (longirostrine) pachypleurosaurids, which was probably driven by ecological specializations related to feeding and foraging. Additionally, an evolutionary trend towards the reduction of the ratio of the hyoid length to mandibular length (HM ratio) is recognized in pachypleurosauroids. This reduction of HM ratio, associated with the increase of the snout length, might implicate a gradual recession of suction feeding in pachypleurosauroid evolution. Phylogenetic studies incorporating Luopingosaurus recover European pachypleurosaurids as successive sister groups to Chinese derived pachypleurosaurids, supporting a western Tethyan origin for this family.

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of conbercept injection combined with Ahmed valve implantation and phacoemulsification in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS: Retrospective analysis. Totally 18 patients(18 eyes)with NVG complicated combined with cataract in our hospital from June 2018 to January 2020. All patients received intraocular injection of conbercept at 3-7d before surgery, Ahmed valve implantation and phacoemulsification were performed after meeting the surgical indications. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), resolution of iris neovascularization and postoperative complications were followed up after the surgery, and all the cases were followed up 12mo. RESULTS: Compared with preoperation(51.44±8.18 mmHg), IOP was significant decreased at 1, 7d, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery(25.94±11.82, 15.39±4.97, 15.94±2.69, 15.33±4.54, 18.89±7.95, 16.27±5.22 mmHg)(P

Abstract Pachypleurosaurs (Pachypleurosauroidea) are a group of small to medium-sized, lizard-like marine reptiles in the Early to Middle Triassic, including Pachypleurosauridae, Keichousauridae and closely related taxa. The group is generally considered as a sauropterygian radiation, but its phylogenetic interrelationships remain highly debated. Here, we present a new pachypleurosaurid, Honghesaurus longicaudalis gen. et sp. nov., from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian, ~ 244 Ma) marine deposits in Luxi, Yunnan, China. The discovery documents the first really long-tailed pachypleurosaur with totally 121 (69 caudal) vertebrae, providing new evidence for the vertebral multiplication and ecological adaption of this group. The long trunk associated with an incredibly long tail could provide Honghesaurus the advantage of maneuverability and energy efficiency for lateral undulatory swimming. Honghesaurus, although possessing a series of autapomorphies, fills the morphological gap between Qianxisaurus from the Ladinian Xingyi Biota and Wumengosaurus from the Anisian Panxian Biota. Phylogenetic studies unite these three pachypleurosaurids as a monophyletic clade above European pachypleurosaurid clades and provide new insights into the interrelationships of this group. Our scenario of pachypleurosaurian phylogeny combined with the stratigraphic data imply that the Tethys Ocean was a west–east corridor for dispersal of pachypleurosaurids from Europe into South China.

AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of clear corneal incision(CCI)after phacoemulsification by Logistic regression analysis. METHODS: A retrospective cases-control study was performed. 126 patients(138 eyes)who received phacoemulsification combined with implantation of foldable intraocular lens(IOL)were included in Erdos Central Hospital. Postoperative 1d, all of the CCIs were scanned by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT). According to whether there were presence of inner opening CCIs, the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1: inner opening CCIs(84 eyes)were absent. They were stable. Group 2: inner opening CCIs(54 eyes)were present. The factors affecting the stability of CCI were analyzed.RESULT: The incidence of internal opening incisions was 39.1%(54/138). It decreased to 8.7%(12/138)at 1wk. One month postoperative, the internal mouths of the incisions were completely closed. The stability of the incisions was good. But AS-OCT scan found 3 cases with poor healing internal incisions. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age, incision length, incision angle, location of the internal incision, incision method and descemet's membrane detachment had statistically significant difference(OR=1.102, 0.994, 27.895, 0.127, 30.269, 6.750, all P

AIM: To compare the difference between total and anterior corneal high-order aberrations(HOA)calculated based on the pupil diameters of 4.0mm and the actual measurements in different age groups.METHODS: A cross sectional study. A Total of 100 subjects between March, 31th and May, 31th in 2019 were included. Their total corneal high-order aberrations(THOA)and anterior corneal high-order aberrations(AHOA)were detected on the basis of different machine-provided pupil diameters(2.0-7.0mm)and their photopic pupil diameters were recorded as measured pupil diameters in the room with normal illumination. THOA and AHOA based on the machine-measured pupil diameter was calculated through fitting curves, and compared to the THOA and AHOA at a theoretical 4mm pupil diameter.RESULTS: The measured pupil diameter was negatively correlated with age(r= -0.587, Pr= -0.191, P=0.002; r=-0.181, P=0.004). At 4mm pupil diameter, THOA was positively correlated with age(r=0.282, PPPP=0.006), but higher than AHOA in 60-69 years old groups(P=0.039). In the aged group(include 60-69 and 70-79 years old groups), the proportion of observed value of THOA ≥0.3μm at the measured pupil diameters were significantly lower than those at 4mm pupil diameter(χ2=4.300, P=0.038).CONCLUSION: THOA and AHOA at the measured pupil diameters in the old subjects are significantly lower than those at 4mm pupil diameter, which could be ascribed to their relatively small actual mean pupil sizes. Our study suggested that the THOA rather than AHOA should be used for the selection of multifocal intraocular lens for cataract patients at measured pupil diameter, so that more aged patients will satisfy the inclusion criteria.

The complete chloroplast genome of Catalpa ‘Bairihua’ a hybrid variety with multi season flowering obtained from hybrid progeny of C. bungei ‘Luoqiu Sihao’ (C. bungei ‘01’ × C. bungei ‘Changguo Qiu’) and C. fargesii f. duclouxii was first sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Which was 158,210 bp in length with a typical quadruple structure and contained a large single copy (LSC: 84,928 bp) region and a small single copy (SSC: 12,664 bp) region that were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa, b: 30,309 bp) region. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 38.1%. A total of 130 genes was annotated in the complete chloroplast genome, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8rRNA genes. ML phylogenetic analysis by comparing with 39 chloroplast genomes of the Bignoniaceae indicated that Catalpa ‘Bairihua’ was close to Tecomaria capensis.

AIM:To compare the efficacy of anti-VEGF combined with Ahmed valve implantation with phacoemulsification or not for neovascular glaucoma(NVG)with cataract. METHODS: Totally 47 patients(47 eyes)of NVG with cataract were given intraocular injection of anti-VEGF before the surgery, and then treated with Ahmed valve implantation. 19 cases(19 eyes)combined with phacoemulsification, and single Ahmed valve implantation in 28 cases(28 eyes). The vision, IOP, anti-glaucoma medicines and complications of the two groups were recorded and compared with 6mo postoperatively. RESULTS:The IOP of all cases at all time points after surgery was significantly decreased after surgery(P CONCLUSION: Compare with anti-VEGF with Ahmed vlave implantation, combined with phacoemulsification can effectively control the postoperative IOP, improve the BCVA of the patient as much as possible, reduce the amount of the postoperative glaucoma medicament use, and facilitate the follow-up of the fundus of the patient. It is a efficacy treatment for NVG with cataract.

Abstract. Background:. Management of tumors has become more complex owing to tumor heterogeneity. Fewer studies have been performed on intra-tumor heterogeneity of endometrial cancer (EC) until now. Therefore, it is of great clinical value to explore the intra-tumor heterogeneity of EC based on clinical features and gene expression profiles. Methods:. A total of 1688 patients with EC were screened and 114 patients were finally selected, including specimens from 84 patients with primary EC without relapse (PE) and the paired metastases (P-M) specimens, as well as specimens from 30 patients with primary EC with relapse (RPE) and the paired relapsed EC (P-RE) specimens. Microarray and RNA-seq were used to detect gene expression of EC samples. Clinicopathological characteristics and molecular data were compared between PE and P-M groups and between RPE and P-RE groups to explore the intra-tumor heterogeneity of EC. Results:. The clinical intra-tumor spatial heterogeneity of pathological type, grade, ER status, and PR status between PE and P-M were 17.9%, 13.1%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. The clinical intra-tumor spatiotemporal heterogeneity of pathological type, grade, ER status, and PR status between RPE and P-RE were 16.7%, 33.3%, 25.0%, and 37.5%, respectively. Cluster analysis sorts EC samples based on progression type of lesion and their pathological type. There were differentially expressed genes between PE and P-M and between RPE and P-RE, of which gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were mainly enriched in cell proliferation, the p53 signaling pathway, etc. Conclusions:. Clinical and molecular data showed that there was spatiotemporal heterogeneity in intra-tumor of EC, which may add to the complexity of diagnosis and therapeutics for EC. Considering the intra-tumor heterogeneity, sequential chemotherapy and precision medicine may be a more suitable treatment plan for EC.

Abstract. Background:. Fusion genes may play an important role in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and drug resistance; however, studies on fusion genes in endometrial cancer (EC) are rare. This study aimed to identify new fusion genes and to explore their clinical significance in EC. Methods:. A total of 28 patients diagnosed with EC were enrolled in this study. RNA sequencing was used to obtain entire genomes and transcriptomes. STAR-comparison and STAR-fusion prediction were applied to predict the fusion genes. Chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to verify the clinical significance with SPSS 13.0 software. Results:. New fusion genes were found, and the number of fusion genes varied from 3 to 110 among all patients with EC. The type of fusion genes varied and included messenger RNA (mRNA)-mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-lncRNA, and lncRNA-mRNA. There were six fusion genes with high fusion rates, namely, RP11–123O10.4–GRIP1, RP11–444D3.1–SOX5, RP11–680G10.1–GSE1, NRIP1–AF127936.7, RP11–96H19.1–RP11–446N19.1, and DPH7–PTP4A3. Further studies showed that these fusion genes are related to stage, grade, and recurrence, in which NRIP1–AF127936.7 and DPH7–PTP4A3 were found only in stage III patients with EC. DPH7–PTP4A3 was found in grades 2 and 3, and recurrent patients with EC. Conclusion:. Fusion genes play an essential role in EC. Six genes that are overexpressed with high fusion rates are identified. NRIP1–AF127936.7 and DPH7–PTP4A3 might be related to stage, and DPH7–PTP4A3 be related to grade and recurrence.

Introduction: Radiotherapy, combined regimens as platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy is an important adjuvant treatment after surgery for endometrial cancer (EC). While, the resistance to them remain unclear. In our study, to separate the characteristics of side population (SP) cells from EC cell lines, study the mechanism of Taxol-resistance, progestin resistance and radioresistanc, and provide the basic for EC.Methods: SP cells from EC cell lines HEC-1A, Ishikawa and RL95-2 were separated by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis. The expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in SP cells and non-SP cells from HEC-1A was examined by immunocytochemistry, and the radiation-resistant and Taxol-resistant characteristics of SP cells and non-SP cells were compared by MTS. Ishikawa, Ishikawa-SP, and Ishikawa-non-SP cells incubated with MPA were selected for cell apoptosis assays by using flow cytometry. The expression of caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemistry, and autophagy was detected by MDC staining.Results: Small proportions of SP cells, namely, 1.44 ± 0.93%, 2.86 ± 3.09%, and 2.87 ± 1.29%, were detected in HEC-1A, Ishikawa and RL95-2, respectively. There was a stronger clone formation efficiency for the SP cells than for non-SP cells in HEC-1A [(6.02 ± 1.17) vs. (0.53±0.20)%, P = 0.001], and there was a significant difference in the rate of tumourigenicity between the SP cells and non-SP cells in HEC-1A (87.5 vs. 12.5%). There were higher levels of BCRP expression (P = 0.001) and resistance to Taxol and radiation (P < 0.05) in the SP cells than in non-SP cells. After MPA treatment, the apoptosis rates were significantly different among the Ishikawa, Ishikawa-SP and Ishikawa-non-SP groups [(4.64 ± 0.18)%, (4.01 ± 0.43)%, and (9.3 ± 0.67)%; (P = 0.05)], and the expression of Caspase-3 in the Ishikawa group was higher than that in Ishikawa-SP group. The autophagic activity of the Ishikawa-SP cells was the strongest, while the autophagic activity of Ishikawa-non-SP was the weakest.Conclusions: There is a significant enrichment in SP cells among different EC cell lines, and these SP cells be more resistant to Taxol, MPA and radiation therapy. The overexpression of BCRP among SP cells may be the cause of resistance to Taxol, progestin and radiotherapy, which may be related to apoptosis and autophagic activity.

Abstract Background Splenic artery embolization (SAE) has been an effective adjunct to the Non-operative management (NOM) for blunt splenic injury (BSI). However, the optimal embolization techniques are still inconclusive. To further understand the roles of different embolization locations and embolic materials in SAE, we conducted this system review and meta-analyses. Methods Clinical studies related to SAE for adult patients were researched in electronic databases, included PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Search (between October 1991 and March 2013), and relevant information was extracted. To eliminate the heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on two reduced study sets. Then, the pooled outcomes were compared and the quality assessments were performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The SAE success rate, incidences of life-threatening complications of different embolization techniques were compared by χ 2 test in 1st study set. Associations between different embolization techniques and clinical outcomes were evaluated by fixed-effects model in 2nd study set. Results Twenty-three studies were included in 1st study set. And then, 13 of them were excluded, because lack of the necessary details of SAE. The remaining 10 studies comprised 2nd study set, and quality assessments were performed using NOS. In 1st set, the primary success rate is 90.1% and the incidence of life-threatening complications is 20.4%, though the cases which required surgical intervention are very few (6.4%). For different embolization locations, there was no obvious association between primary success rate and embolization location in both 1st and 2nd study sets (P > 0.05). But in 2nd study set, it indicated that proximal embolization reduced severe complications and complications needed surgical management. As for the embolic materials, the success rate between coil and gelfoam is not significant. However, coil is associated with a lower risk of life-threatening complications, as well as less complications requiring surgical management. Conclusions Different embolization techniques affect the clinical outcomes of SAE. The proximal embolization is the best option due to the less life-threatening complications. For commonly embolic material, coil is superior to gelfoam for fewer severe complications and less further surgery management.

Background: Previously, we reported that dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) was differentially expressed in endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA). However, the role of DUSP1 in EEA progression and the relationship between DUSP1 and medroxyprogesterone (MPA) are still unclear. Methods: The expression of DUSP1 in EEA specimens was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The effect of DUSP1 on cell proliferation was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit 8 and colony formation assay, and cell migration was analyzed by transwell assay. MPA-induced DUSP1 expression in EEA cells was measured by Western blot. Results: DUSP1 expression was deficient in advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, high-grade and myometrial invasive EEA. In EEA cell lines (Hec1A, Hec1B, RL952, and Ishikawa), the DUSP1 expression was substantially higher in Ishikawa cells than in other cell lines (P < 0.05). Knockdown of DUSP1 promoted Ishikawa cells proliferation, migration, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/Erk) pathway. MPA-induced DUSP1 expression and inhibited MAPK/Erk pathway in Ishikawa cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest that DUSP1 deficiency promotes EEA progression via MAPK/Erk pathway, which may be reversed by MPA, suggesting that DUSP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EEA.

Multispectral LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data have been initially used for land cover classification. However, there are still high classification uncertainties, especially in urban areas, where objects are often mixed and confounded. This study investigated the efficiency of combining advanced statistical methods and LiDAR metrics derived from multispectral LiDAR data for improving land cover classification accuracy in urban areas. The study area is located in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. Multispectral Optech Titan LiDAR data over the study area were acquired on 3 September 2014 in a single strip of 3 km2. Using the channels at 1,550 nm (C1), 1,064 nm (C2) and 532 nm (C3), LiDAR intensity data, normalized digital surface model (nDSM), pseudo normalized difference vegetation index (PseudoNDVI), morphological profiles (MP), and a novel hierarchical morphological profiles (HMP) were derived and used as features for the classification. A support vector machine classifier with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel was applied in the classification stage, where the optimal parameters for the classifier were selected by a grid search procedure. The combination of intensity, pseudoNDVI, nDSM and HMP resulted in the best land cover classification, with an overall accuracy of 93.28%.

Background: Pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-80% of all cervical cancers. Analyses of the effects of the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs), unilateral versus bilateral pelvic LNM and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma are still lacking. The study aimed to analyze the effects of the number of positive pelvic LNs and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 296 patients diagnosed with Stage IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who received extensive/sub-extensive hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy/pelvic LN sampling at Peking University People′s Hospital from November 2004 to July 2013. Ten clinicopathological variables were evaluated as risk factors for pelvic LNM: Age at diagnosis, gravidity, clinical stage, histological grade, tumor diameter, lymph-vascular space involvement (LVSI), depth of cervical stromal invasion, uterine invasion, parametrial invasion, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The incidence of pelvic LNM was 20.27% (60/296 cases). Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00) was significantly correlated with recurrence. Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00), the number of positive pelvic LNs (P = 0.04) and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM (P = 0.03) had a significant influence on survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVSI (P = 0.00), depth of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.00) and parametrial invasion (P = 0.03) were independently associated with pelvic LNM. Conclusions: Patients with pelvic LNM had a higher recurrence rate and poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, more than 2 positive pelvic LNs and multiple groups of pelvic LNM appeared to identify patients with worse survival outcomes in node-positive IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. LVSI, parametrial invasion, and depth of cervical stromal invasion were identified as independent clinicopathological risk factors for pelvic LNM.

Semantic Web technologies themselves as well as the web of data constituted by semantic Web applications on the Internet might introduce new security,privacy and trust issues as well as requirements.So,security issues faced by the Semantic Web and its security status were analyzed in detail.On this basis,the semantic Web security reference framework was proposed.Finally,urgent needs about key technologies,policy specifications and safety standards of semantic Web were pointed out based on the semantic Web security reference framework.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperinsulinemia are associated closely with endometrial carcinoma risk, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Insulin receptor isoformA expression is upregulated in many cancer cells and tissues, which suggests that IR-A-mediated signaling pathways may have important implications for cancer pathogenesis. We measured the expression of insulin receptor isoforms (IR-A and IR-B in the normal endometrium tissues, the endometrial carcinoma tissues and the endometrial carcinoma cell lines. We found that the total insulin receptor (IR) and IR-A expression mRNA levels and the ratio of IR-A to total IR in endometrial carcinoma specimens were significantly higher than them in control endometrial tissue specimens(P

Background and purpose: Both domestic and foreign guidelines recommend the use of radionuclide as sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) tracer, however this technique has not been popularized in China for a variety of reasons. Mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection for tracing (MHI), a new strategy to identify lymph nodes, has not been tested for axillary node staging in breast cancer. This multicenter, self-controlled, non-inferiority trial aimed to evaluate the differences between MHI and radionuclide in SLNB tracing. Methods: The trial was conducted across 7 hospitals from December 2019 to December 2020. Patients with early-stage breast cancer received MHI and radionuclide (technetium 99 labeled sulfur colloid, 99mTc-Sc) as SLN tracers during the surgery. The number of SLNs detected and sentinel node detection rates of MHI and radionuclide were counted to evaluate differences in the tracing effects between the two tracers. Results: SLN detection rates of MHI and radionuclide were 96.9% (370/382) and 97.4% (372/382), respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). SLNs were co-detected by both tracers in 362 (94.7%) patients; 16 (4.1%) had adverse events possibly related to the trial drugs. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the lymphatic tracing ability of MHI was not inferior to that of radionuclide. Meanwhile, the use of MHI does not require special instrument/equipment assistance.