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ObjectiveTo evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing laboratory confirmed influenza illness among children aged 6 – 59 months during 2011 – 2021, and to provide evidences for improving vaccination recommendation and policy-making. MethodsBased on a prospective influenza surveillance conducted at the Soochow University Affiliated Children′s Hospital in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province from October 2011 to May 2021, we conducted a test-negative case-control study. The participants of the study were selected from 5 554 influenza-like illness (ILI) and 7 737 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) outpatients/inpatients aged 6 – 59 months and with nasopharyngeal swab/sputum specimen test for influenza virus nucleic acid in the surveillance and influenza vaccination records of all the ILI and SARI patients were checked retrospectively. The cases of the study were influenza virus-positive ILI (n = 517) and SARI (n = 582) patients aged 6 – 59 months; the controls were 1 : 2 age- and clinic attending/hospital admission date-matched influenza virus-negative ILI/SARI patients. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of vaccination and VE were estimated using conditional logistic regression. ResultsThe vaccination records were available for 73.3% (9 747) of the registered patients and the observed vaccination rate was 1.79% (174/9 747). The overall VE for all the ILI/SARI patients was 36.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: – 4.7% – 61.9%); the VE was 26.7% (95% CI: – 34.8% – 60.2%) for the ILI and 53.1% (95% CI: – 17.0% – 81.2%) for the SARI. The VE were 28.9% (95% CI: – 31.2% – 61.5%) and 51.2% (95% CI: – 21.3% – 80.4%) for the patients aged 6 – 35 months and 36 – 59 months. The VE of partial vaccination and full vaccination for children aged 6 – 35 months were 21.6% (95% CI = – 65.1% – 62.7%) and 40.6% (95% CI = – 66.0% – 78.8%), respectively. ConclusionThe overall VE of influenza vaccination was 36.8% among 6 – 59 months old children, with a higher VE against SARI than that against ILI and a higher VE among the children aged 36 – 59 months than that among those aged 6 – 35 months. Full dose influenza vaccination provided better protection than partial dose vaccination for children aged 6 – 35 months.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adults of Chongqing city and to provide evidences for adopting reasonable dietary patterns to prevent diabetes in the population. Methods Using stratified multistage random cluster sampling, we recruited 19 862 permanent residents aged 30 – 79 years in Chongqing municipality. Face-to-face interviews with a general questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory test were conducted among the residents from September 2018 through February 2019. Data process and analysis were performed with SPSS 25.0. Chi-square test was used to assess between group differences. Factor analysis was adopted to distinguish dietary patterns and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of dietary patterns with IFG. ResultsOf the residents, 1 496 (7.53%) individuals with IFG were detected. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns among the residents, including patterns of egg and milk, animal foodstuff, cereal/potato and vegetable, and pasta and pickles. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of animal foodstuff pattern, the residents with lower scores were at a decreased risk of IFG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.841, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.716 – 0.989) compared to those with the highest scores; while in regard to pasta and pickles pattern, the residents with the lowest and lower scores were at a decreased risk of IFG (for those with the lowest scores: OR = 0.853 [95% CI: 0.730 – 0.998]; for those with lower scores: OR = 0.839 [95% CI: 0.721 – 0.977]) in comparison with those with the highest scores. ConclusionAmong 30 – 79 years old residents in Chongqing city, dietary factors are related closely to the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and the influence of animal foodstuff pattern and pasta and pickles pattern are more significant in the prevention of the disorder.

Abstract Background Dental anxiety is associated with negative experiences of dental treatment and dental-visiting behavior. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is widely used for assessing dental anxiety. The study aims to establish the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the MDAS based on the Taiwan sample (i.e., T-MDAS). Methods The T-MDAS and dental-visiting behavior and experience were assessed for 402 adult subjects recruited from community and clinical sites. The following psychometric properties were assessed: (a) internal consistency, (b) temporal stability, (c) criterion-related validity (i.e., the association with the score of Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear, IDAF-4C), (d) discrimination validity (i.e., the difference in scores between the subjects with and without a habit of a regular dental visit, and (e) the construct validity from a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results. The T-MDAS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.88) and temporal stability (ρ = 0.69, p

Abstract Background Dental fear is associated with the experience of prior dental treatment and avoidance of dental visits. It remains unclear if individuals show an intention of avoidance (IA) towards treatments that they have not received (i.e., non-experienced dental treatment). The study aims to investigated (a) if individuals showed an increased fear and IA to non-experienced, compared to experienced dental treatment, and (b) if fear and IA to non-experienced treatment is associated with dental anxiety. Methods Fear/IA of 12 common conditions of dental treatment of 402 adults were investigated. If subjects have experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on subjects’ prior experience (i.e., ExpFear/ExpIA). If they have not experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on their anticipation (i.e., NExpFear/NExpIA). Trait dental anxiety was assessed using the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+). Results (A) NExpFear and NExpIA were significantly higher than ExpFear and ExpIA, respectively. (B) The IDAF-4C+ scores are positively correlated with NExpFear/NExpIA and negatively correlated with the magnification of fear (i.e., the discrepancy in the fear/IA of non-experienced vs. experienced conditions). (C) The condition ‘extraction of a wisdom tooth’ and ‘root canal treatment’ showed the highest ratings on NExpFear. Conclusions Individuals may develop a high degree of fear and IA of the treatment they have not received. Trait dental anxiety plays a key role in the fear of non-experienced treatment.

Abstract Background Our previous studies demonstrated that the administration of crude Polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng (CPPN) can effectively prolong the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice via boosting the host immune system as well as weak cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, Neutral Polysaccharide (NPPN) were further purified from crude polysaccharide isolated from panax notoginseng. The effects of NPPN on the immune function and hematopoietic function of mice with low immunity and myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) were investigated. The effect of NPPN combined with CTX on the tumor inhibition rate of the H22 tumor-bearing mice and the impact of NPPN on the proliferation of H22 liver cancer cells in vitro were investigated. Methods CPPN was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and further purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange resin column. NPPN was added to the immunosuppressed with myelosuppression mice induced by CTX. Thymus index, spleen index, lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index by adding of concanavalin A, determination of serum hemolysin, NK cell activity assay, mice carbon clearance experiment, blood count tests were detected. The tumor inhibition rate of the H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with NPPN combined with CTX was recorded. Results NPPN and 4 kinds of acid polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng (APPN) were successfully isolated from the CPPN by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange resin column. NPPN inhibited the growth of H22 cells and significantly increase the tumor inhibition rate of the H22 tumor-bearing mice combined with CTX. The elevation of the cellular and humoral immunity levels as well as a variety of blood count tests indicators of immunosuppressive with myelosuppression mice may contribute to the antitumor activity of NPPN. Conclusion NPPN has a potential antitumor activity for the treatment of liver cancer combined with cyclophosphamide.

Acidity and tannins are among the grape berry quality traits that influence wine quality. Despite advantageous environmental tolerances of Vitis aestivalis-derived 'Norton', its acidity and tannin concentrations often deviate from expectations set for V. vinifera. Identification of the genetic determinants of malic acid, tartaric acid, pH, and tannin can assist in the improvement of new hybrid cultivars. For this purpose, a 'Norton' and V. vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' hybrid population containing 223 individuals was used to construct a linkage map containing 384 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 2,084 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The resulting map was 1,441.9 cM in length with an average inter-marker distance of 0.75 cM and spanned 19 linkage groups (LGs). Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for malic acid, tartaric acid, pH, and tannin. QTLs for malic acid (LG 8) and pH (LG 6) were observed across multiple years and explained approximately 17.7% and 18.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Additionally, QTLs for tartaric acid were identified on linkage groups 1, 6, 7, 9, and 17 and tannin on LG 2 in single-year data. The QTLs for tartaric acid explained between 8.8−14.3% and tannin explained 24.7% of the phenotypic variation. The markers linked to these QTLs can be used to improve hybrid cultivar breeding through marker-assisted selection.

BackgroundWhether women have a higher risk of adverse events compared with men following coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the sex differences in characteristics, treatments and outcomes among patients undergoing CAG and PCI in a large Chinese cohort.MethodsWe analyzed patients undergoing CAG and/or PCI in this multi-center registry cohort study Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II (CIN-II) in 5 Chinese tertiary hospitals from 2007 to 2020. Clinical characteristics, treatment (discharge medication and PCI) and in-hospital outcomes (mortality and major bleeding) were compared between women and men.ResultsTotally 141,459 patients underwent CAG (44,362 [31.4%] women), of which 69,345 patients underwent PCI (15,376 [22.2%] women). Women were older (64.4 vs. 60.8 years), had more chronic comorbidities and lower PCI rate for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) than men (52.8 vs. 64.2%). Women received less CAG and PCI procedures. Among women undergoing PCI they received similar discharge medication treatment. In addition, women undergoing PCI had mildly lower rate of major bleeding (0.2 vs. 0.3%, P = 0.033) but higher in-hospital mortality (1.2 vs. 0.8%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, women had a higher risk in the major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio, 2.04 [95% CI: 1.07 to 3.62]), and the in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI: 1.36 to 2.56]).ConclusionAmong our Chinese cohort, women are older with more chronic comorbidities, receiving less PCI procedure and similar discharge medication treatment. Women have nearly 90% higher risk of in-hospital mortality and over 1-fold increased risk of major bleeding after PCI compared with men.

BackgroundA novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused great morbidity as well as mortality since its emergence in Eastern China in February 2013. However, the possible risk factors for death are not yet fully known.Methods and findingsPatients with H7N9 virus infection between March 1 and August 14, 2013 in Jiangsu province were enrolled. Data were collected with a standard form. Mean or percentage was used to describe the features, and Fisher's exact test or t-test test was used to compare the differences between fatal and nonfatal cases with H7N9 virus infection. A total of 28 patients with H7N9 virus infection were identified among whom, nine (32.1%) died. The median age of fatal cases was significant higher than nonfatal cases (PConclusionsAmong cases with H7N9 virus infection, increased age accompanied by co-morbidities was the risk of death. The severity of lung infection at admission, the persistence of lymphocytopenia, and the extended duration of lower oxygenation index all contributed to worsened outcomes of patients with H7N9 virus infection.

Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused 5 epidemic waves in China since its emergence in 2013. We investigated the dynamic changes of antibody response to this virus over 1 year postinfection in 25 patients in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, who had laboratory-confirmed infections during the fifth epidemic wave, October 1, 2016–February 14, 2017. Most survivors had relatively robust antibody responses that decreased but remained detectable at 1 year. Antibody response was variable; several survivors had low or undetectable antibody titers. Hemagglutination inhibition titer was >1:40 for

This study investigated the effects of different thermal sterilization conditions on the structural and functional properties of whey and caseins in goat milk. The commonly used industrial sterilization conditions including 65 ℃ for 30 min, 80 ℃ for 30 s, 95 ℃ for 5 min and 135 ℃ for 4 s were selected to treat goat milk, and whey and casein proteins were separated from the treated milk. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the changes in protein structure and properties. The results showed that the structures of whey and casein proteins changed little after treatment at 65 ℃ for 30 min and 80 ℃ for 30 s, and the increase in protein unfolding and surface hydrophobicity resulted in better foaming and emulsifying properties of whey and casein proteins. The treatments at 95 ℃ for 5 min and 135 ℃ for 4 s resulted in a significant decrease in the relative content of α-helix, a significant increase in the relative content of random coil, severe denaturation of the proteins, and a decrease in solubility and surface hydrophobicity, which adversely affected the stability of functional properties of goat milk proteins. The above results provide a reference for optimizing the quality and stability of goat milk products, and help to develop functional goat milk products.