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Spa tourism has experienced full recognition in international tourist flows in recent decades. This fact points to a significant development opportunity for the Republic of Serbia for more complete utilization of tourist potential in spa towns. One such area is Vranjska Banja in the southeast of Serbia, where the warmest hyperthermal water in the world springs. Apart from therapeutical waters, this tourist spot has preserved tourist values that qualify it to become an ecological oasis in this part of Serbia. Accordingly, the subject of research in the paper is the tourist potential of Vranjska Banja, which has not been sufficiently utilized for the needs of tourism, nor is it sufficiently promoted through digital media. The aim of the work is to identify the impact of tourism on the overall economic development of Vranjska Banja. Qualitative, descriptive, statistical and comparative methods were used in the research. The results show that adequate valorization and promotion of tourist attractions and greater investments in tourism and hospitality activities would lead to faster development of tourism in this area, which would have positive effects on the local economy. The contribution of the work is reflected in the identification of appropriate solutions that can be the basis for formulating the economic development strategy of Vranjska Banja as an ecological destination.

This study seeks to examine what traits, "myths" and skills pupils will attribute to good geography teachers, and whether their assessments are influenced by gender, age, grade and satisfaction with a teacher. The sample consists of 150 high school pupils in Serbia. The survey consisted of four parts: socio-demographic characteristics, Big Five Inventory, good teacher myths, and good geography teacher skills. The results showed that pupils believe that good geography teachers have to be impartial, friendly and conscientious in the first place. Also, 13 high school teachers were also interviewed. The data are somewhat in line with previous research, but also indicate pupils' specific expectations of their geography teachers and teachers' awareness that they are not just ordinary teachers.

The subject of research in the paper is focused on the analysis of public debt in the Republic of Serbia in the time interval from 2000 to the end of 2022. Observing the data on the movement of public debt in the new millennium, it is noticeable that there is a trend of its increase after the world economic crisis of 2008. The main cause of such trends is the excessive consumption of state authorities and the reduction of tax revenues, which is a consequence, first of all, of reduced economic activity due to global negative tendencies in certain years. The high level of public debt represents the main barrier for the economic development of the Republic of Serbia. Analysis of the data in the observed period indicates that the problem of public debt growth can be solved by increasing the gross domestic product and reducing public spending.

After Chernenko's demise and Gorbachev's coming to power in 1985, the period known as perestroika began in the Soviet Union. Realignment led to an ostensible end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, thanks to Yeltsin's declaration of sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). As a consequence, former Soviet socialist republics, including Ukraine, became independent states. The United States of America declared victory in the Cold War and a new world order was established with the United States as the great hegemon. In this paper, our aim is to show that the ongoing conflict in the territory of Ukraine did not start either in 2022 or in 2014 (when the conflict became armed). Instead, the conflict was kick-started with the independent state of Ukraine being established in 1991, on historically Russian lands, the purpose of this exercise being to create a new Ukrainian nation. The thirty-year history of the Ukrainian state bears witness to its non-Russian and anti-Russian character, as well as to the undisguised influence of the United States of America, which was particularly evident in the so-called colour revolutions and the armed coup of 2014, which led to the overthrow of the legally elected president of this country, Viktor Yanukovych. Russian intervention in 2022, which has a global geopolitical character, shows that a new perestroika is in full play. Denazification and demilitarisation of Ukraine, declared as the main goals of the Russian Federation, are the fundamental measures of the new perestroika. If the Russian Federation succeeds in this endeavour, this would undoubtedly mark the end of U.S. hegemony, while a new multicentric world would be created. If Russian intervention turns out to be a failure, U.S. hegemony will be reconfirmed so that the interests of the Russian Federation would most likely be faced with a threat of further disintegration. Thus, this is not primarily a conflict between Russia and Ukraine, but rather a decisive battle between Russia and the collective West led by the United States. This is the reason why the West is putting in a strenuous effort, and suffering substantial economic damage, to win this war. It defends Ukraine for its own sake, not for the sake of Ukraine itself. Not by their own choice, Ukrainians are in a tragic position in which their nation is used for the achievement of Western interests.

In this paper, using the example of the discovery of viruses from the history of science in the experiments of D. J. Ivanovsky, the authors investigate how scientific research functions and how the scientific conception that could be determined as the ruling paradigm is gradually transformed. Respecting logical and scientific-methodological principles, Ivanovsky's discoveries, in the long run, led to the discovery of viruses as completely new agents and thus to the reconstruction of the paradigm of bacteria as the smallest living disease-causing agents. Thus, he contributed to what is defined as scientific growth in the philosophy of science. Through a comparative analysis, using the example of protective masks, we will show that today there is a tendency that the basic postulates of scientific work, which imply critical examination and the possibility of refutation, are no longer sufficiently respected.

The appearance of the pandemic in the form of the new disease COVID-19 greatly influenced global trends and caused a wider economic recession. Due to unusual factors that generated the crisis, it is specific and different from all previous ones. As the crisis continues, estimates of future economic trends vary depending on the health situation in individual countries, as well as the measures applied by state authorities to mitigate it. Due to the topicality of the crisis and its extraordinary impact on global trends, this paper attempts to examine the effects of the pandemic on the economy of the European Union, as well as to answer the question of the scope of economic policy measures in overcoming recessionary effects.

Although numerous studies in the past have shown that men are more often seen as perpetrators of domestic and sexual abuse, clinicians and researchers have recently begun to critically consider the problem of intimate and sexual violence committed by women towards men. Despite the controversial debate over whether women are violent towards their husbands and partners, many research papers have shown that there is a prevalence of such violence. In addition, many studies have highlighted gender differences in the commission of domestic violence in terms of the different reasons and contexts in which violence occurs. This paper aims to present the latest results of research on risk factors, typologies, and motives of women perpetrators of violence in relationships, as well as to improve our understanding of the etiology and complexity of such violence. The first part of the paper explains in detail the typology and prevalence of violence against men, as well as the psychological and other characteristics of women perpetrators. The second part deals mainly with the causes and motives of women's violent behaviour towards men. The last section is dedicated to the effects of treatment and possible improvements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of this topic and gives some recommendations for resolving the above issues.

The current pandemic of the COVID-19 virus will cause great consequences for the overall world economy. The global pandemic requires a global response and it is already clear that economic policy makers will need to implement significant targeted fiscal, monetary and social measures to help the affected population and economy. Within the framework of support measures for the economy, the focus should be on supporting the sectors most affected. The agri-food sector is one of the most endangered sectors of the economy, and for that very reason, the subject of this paper are the challenges and problems of food producers in the conditions of a pandemic.

The subject of research in this article is a comparative analysis of the condition, causes and consequences of poverty in Serbia and the surrounding countries. Poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, on the one hand, implies insufficient income to meet basic living needs, while on the other hand, it also covers various aspects of human rights, such as' inability to employ, inadequate housing and inadequate access to social protection for health, education and communal services. Due to a significant decrease in economic activities, but also due to the effect of numerous noneconomic factors, in the Republic of Serbia and the surrounding countries the last three decades there has been a decrease in the standard of living of the population and a concomitant increase in poverty. The results of the research indicate that economic growth and development, with a proactive role of the state in improving social protection systems, better education and development of social entrepreneurship, are key factors that contribute to employment growth and living standards, and consequently the decrease in the poverty rate.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the lives of 5,698,246 people globally. Originating in China, the virus progressed rapidly to other countries. The COVID-19 outbreak has mostly affected cities and seriously threatened citizens' health, the economy, and the infrastructures of the urban territories. Several states were relatively quick to deploy smart technology solutions to respond to the emergence of COVID-19. Existing and new digital technologies are proposed to supplement the traditional measures within the response to the first pandemic of the decade. The term smart technologies imply the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence. The focus of this paper was to propose smart technologies as a part of the solution toward reducing the spread of pandemics in urbanized areas. One of the aims was to find positive examples of the smart city implementation during the pandemics and show its usefulness in facing it. The possibility of using real-time data, thus conducting real-time action is their main advantage and that is why more cities should use this smart concept to respond to the global crises.

In order to assess the rainfall erosivity in the Pannonian basin, several parameters which describe distribution, concentration and variability of precipitation were used, as well as 9 extreme precipitation indices. The precipitation data is obtained from the European Climate Assessment and Dataset project for the period 1961-2014, for 8 meteorological stations in northern Serbia, 5 in Hungary and 1 in eastern Croatia. The extreme values of precipitation were calculated following the indices developed by the ETCCDI. RclimDex software package was used for indices calculation. Based on statistical analysis and the calculated values, the results have been presented with Geographic Information System (GIS) to point out the most vulnerable parts of the Pannonian basin, with regard to pluvial erosion. This study presents the first result of combined rainfall erosivity and extreme precipitation indices for the investigated area. Results of PCI indicate presence of moderate precipitation concentration (mean value 11.6). Trend analysis of FI (mean value 22.7) and MFI (mean value 70.2) implies a shift from being largely in the low erosivity class, to being completely in the moderate erosivity class in the future, thus indicating an increase in rainfall erosivity for most of the investigated area (except in the northwestern parts). Furthermore, the observed precipitation extremes suggest that both the amount and the intensity of precipitation are increasing. The knowledge about the areas affected by strong soil erosion could lead to introducing effective measures in order to reduce it. Long term analysis of rainfall erosivity is a significant step concerning flood prevention, hazard mitigation, ecosystem services, land use change and agricultural production.

Introduction: ST2 is a member of IL-1R receptor family and interleukin -33 (IL-33) is its natural ligand. IL-33 functions as an 'alarmin' released upon necrotic cell death to alert the immune system to tissue damage. As ST2 receptor is expressed on many immune cells, IL-33/ST2 signal pathway has important proinflammatory or protective role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. IL-33/ST2 signaling promotes Th2 immune response in allergy, autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory disorders, but its role in the pathogenesis of alveolar bone loss is still unclear. We have investigated the effects of ST2 gene deletion and IL-33 administration on the periapical inflammatory bone destruction in BALB/c mice. We found that periapical lesions in ST2-/- mice are characterized by increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells, CD3+CCR6+ T cells and IFN-γ+, IL-17+, TNF-α+ and IL-6+ cells in gated CD4+ T cells compared with lesions in WT mice. A significant decrease in the percentage of CD4+ T cells producing proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in the percentage of IL-4 producing cells was observed in the periapical lesions in WT mice after IL- 33 administration. Conclusion: IL-33/ST2 signaling negatively regulates severity of periapical inflammatory bone destruction by preventing Th1/Th17 cell-mediated immune responses and indicate a possible protective role of IL-33 in the therapy of alveolar bone loss. Future research will implement new therapeuthic strategy in dental practice.

Introduction: Over the past three decades, gallium compounds have gained importance in medicine. Radioactive gallium and stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. In addition, gallium compounds have displayed anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity in animal models of human diseases. More recent studies have shown that gallium compounds may also function as antimicrobial agents. In the review, the potential application of gallium in the future treatment of periodontitis and prevention of tooth loss will be discussed. Gingival inflammation, bacterial infection, alveolar bone destruction and subsequent tooth loss are characteristic features of periodontal disease. Surgical techniques, mechanical debridement of the denuded root surface, and local or systemic application of antimicrobial agents are currently used treatments for periodontitis. However, the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has prompted a great need for new and alternative treatment methods for infection. Conclusion: The potential anti-periodontitis benefits of gallium are related to eradicating infection due to bacterial biofilms, increasing bone deposition and downregulating unwanted immune responses. Adjunctive use of gallium laser therapy with mechanical instrumentation in combination with gallium-containing gingival gels, toothpastes and mouth rinses may represent the final solutions for tooth loss prevention.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can be used as a cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine and in immunomodulation. Pulp from human deciduous teeth can be stored as a source of SHED. Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used in restorative dentistry and in cavity lining. GICs have lower biocompatibility and are cytotoxic for dental pulp cells. In this study, seven commonly used GICs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on SHED, for their potential to arrest mitosis in cells and induce chromosome aberrations, and were compared with the effects of composite. Fuji II, Fuji VIII, Fuji IX, Fuji plus and Vitrebond had significantly higher cytotoxic effects on SHED than composite. Only SHEDs that have been treated with Fuji I, Fuji IX, Fuji plus and composite recovered the potential for proliferation, but no chromosome aberrations were found after treatment with GICs. The cytotoxic effects of GICs on SHEDs were in strong correlation with combined concentrations of released fluoride, aluminum and strontium ions. Fuji I exhibited the lowest activity towards SHEDs; it did not interrupt mitosis and did not induce chromosome aberrations, and was accompanied by the lowest levels of released F, Al and Sr ions. Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON175069, br. ON175071 i br. ON175103]

The rate of persons deprived of liberty in Serbia has been increasing since 2006 and during the last decade this rate has been approximately 150. The data of the Council of Europe for the year 2022 show that in a large number of countries there a decrease in the rate of prisoners (all persons deprived of liberty) has been determined, and Serbia is still in the group of countries with a high rate of prisoners. However, the capacities of penal institutions in Serbia allow such figures, and according to the data, the total population of persons deprived of liberty is about 1000 people smaller than the maximum capacity allows. There is an average of 3.8 people in cells, while the European average is 2.1, and in half of the countries that number is 1.4. Similarly, the sentencing policy of the courts is uniform and the rate of those sentenced to prison generally follows the rate of all those convicted. In addition to a suspended sentence, the courts usually opt for a prison sentence. Taken together, imprisonment (including the house arrest that is enforced in the premises where the convicted person lives) amounts to about 1/3 of all imposed sanctions. The question arises why Serbia did not follow the trend of most European countries in which the population of persons deprived of their liberty has decreased in the last years? One of the explanations is the adoption of repressive criminal law solutions that in many situations limited the discretionary powers of judges in respect to penal sanctions. While on the one hand it is not in dispute that for serious crimes the only option will be a prison sentence, in the case of some incriminations it was better to leave the choice to the judges. However, it seems that the trend of transferring decision-making from the judiciary to the legislature is not typical only for Serbia (see for example: von Hirsch, 2017). At the same time, the public most often expresses repressive attitudes, which should be respected, but legal solutions should not be guided only by the interest of getting political support of voters but also by scientific and professional arguments. Scientific knowledge points to all the problems that, on the one hand, appear in prisons and how and in what way these problems prevent the successful execution of prison penalty and the implementation of treatment. In such situations, it would be more appropriate to opt for alternatives for less serious crimes, and in this way, prisoners could also receive greater commitment of treatment services as well as generally better conditions while serving their prison sentence. Although, according to statistical data, prisons are not overcrowded, it seems that those authors who claim that the frequency and length of prison sentences are primarily determined by existing capacities are right. If they are exceeded, one option is the construction of new institutions, which is usually associated with financial problems, and another option is amnesty and pardon. At the end, it should be borne in mind that long-term prison sentences are the least common, and that the largest number of prisoners will be released after a few years. It is clear that the public should also be interested in ensuring that at least some of them do not commit criminal acts again, and criminological research confirms that insisting on intimidation and retribution will not reduce recidivism rate.

Pluralnost je jedan od najznačajnjih suvremenih obilježja ruralnosti. No imaju li pluralnost i diverzificiranost geografskih obilježja ruralnih područja utjecaja na razvoj turizma na seljačkim domaćinstvima? Cilj ovog istraživanja jest istraživanje važnosti različitih tipova ruralnih područja za diverzifikaciju seljačkih domaćinstava i pružanje turističkih sličnih usluga. Osnovna istraživačka metoda jest usporedba prostornog razmještaja takvih domaćinstava s sedam različitih tipova ruralnih područja koji su određeni tehnikama multivarijatne (faktorske i klaster) analize. Rezultati, među ostalim, upućuju na značaj koji za pojavu i razvoj turizma na seljačkim domaćinstvima ima masovni kupališni turizam u priobalju. Također, potvrđena je važna uloga dobne i obrazovne strukture stanovništva.

This research analyzes the factors that influence tourist experiences in the mountainous protected areas of southeastern Serbia. Tourism encompasses all aspects of a destination that can attract visitors and affect their satisfaction during their stay. The study examines the demographic characteristics of visitors, their preferences, the quality of infrastructure, and the tourist resources that the regions offer. A total of 570 visitors were surveyed, of whom 526 completed valid questionnaires that focused on the mountain areas of southeastern Serbia, particularly the foothills of Vlasina. The questionnaire placed particular emphasis on specific elements that affect tourist satisfaction. Key findings indicate positive correlations between elements essential for sustainable tourism, determined using Spearman's correlation. A chi-square test showed that environmental awareness and local community engagement were strongly associated with higher levels of overall tourist satisfaction, and a Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that older visitors, on average, expressed a greater level of satisfaction with infrastructure elements compared with younger groups. By focusing on the mountainous protected areas of southeastern Serbia, this research provides valuable insights for managers aiming to enhance visitor satisfaction and improve the quality of future experiences in the region.

Abstarct: Introduction: Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis has some advantages over therapeutic phlebotomy, the standard treatment for cytoreduction in polycythemia and hemochromatosis. Erythrocytapheresis can be performed on different cell separators, each with its own characteristics. We present our experience of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis in the treatment of polycythemia and hemochromatosis with an analysis of the performance of cytoreduction, and a comparison between the characteristics of intermittent- and continuous-flow cell separators. Material and methods: During a 20-year period, 1731 procedures were performed in 125 patients, 1634 (94.4%) with a Haemonetics MCS+ separator and 97 (5.6%) with a Spectra Optia system device. The performance of cytoreduction using the Haemonetics MCS+ separator was analysed in 442 procedures performed in 56 patients and the performance of the two apheresis devices was compared. Results: Haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) values were significantly reduced after erythrocytapheresis with the Haemonetics MCS+ device (Hb: 18.69%; Hct: 18.73%; p-values both

Background/Aim. It has been demonstrated that lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes represent the predominant cells of the inflammatory lesion of the dental granulomas. Other cells, such as mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells comprise minor, but functionally important cell populations. Most of the data considering cells that take part in these processes have been derived from immunohistological studies. This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the phenotype profile of inflammatory cells of dental granulomas using immunohistochemical method in order to study the differences of their quantitative properties and distribution between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Methods. The material for the analysis originated from 42 individuals with clinic and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periapical lesions. The tissue was take either during the periradicular surgery, or tooth extraction. Cryostat tissue sections were stained using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase assay (APAAP). This method is highly valid and sensitive using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD38, CD14, CD1a, CD83, CD80, CD86, CD45 and CD123. Results. The composition of the cell population revealed that there was no homogenous and site-specific pattern of the distribution of inflammatory cells. The results of our investigation revealed that the majority of inflammatory cells comprised lymphocytes and plasma cells, followed by subpopulations CD4+, CD8+ and CD14+ cells. Much lower in number were CD80+, CD86+ and CD83+ and CD1a+ cells. There were no statistically significant differences in mean values of inflammatory cells number between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions, with the exception of CD86+ cells, the number of which was statistically higher in symptomatic lesions. Conclusion. Inflammatory infiltrate cells in dental granulomas are dominated by T- and Blymphocytes. It points out the complexity of immunopathogenic events in imitiating and progressing of dental granulomas that involve mechanisms of both cellular and humoral immunity. Regarding the quantitative presence of immunocompetent cells in symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions no statistically significant difference was determined unless in mature dendritic cells present in symptomatic lesions.

Background: Previous studies suggested an important role of impairments in T cell subsets in different stages during type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, while data regarding CD25high T cells and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1), both T regulatory associated, remains controversial. We analyzed the level of (a) CD25high T cells (b) TGFb1 in 17 first-degree relatives of patients with T1D in stage 1 (FDRs1) (GADA+, IA-2+); 34 FDRs in stage 0 (FDRs0) (GADA, IA-2); 24 recent-onset T1D in insulin-requiring state (IRS); 10 patients in clinical remission (CR); 18 healthy, unrelated controls (CTR). Methods: T cell subsets were characterized by two-color immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry; TGFb1 was determined by ELISA, GADA, and IA-2 by RIA. Results: The percentage of CD25high T cells in FDRs1 was lower than controls, FDRs0, IRS, and CR (p

Despite its promising potential, the capabilities of Saccharomyces paradoxus in commercial winemaking are still unutilized and require further investigation. In this study, the effects of fermentation by a S. paradoxus strain P01-161 on the composition of Malvazija istarska white wine in two harvest years were investigated. A range of complementary standard and metabolomics analysis approaches were applied, including OIV methods for basic parameters; HPLC-DAD-RI for organic acids, glycerol, and proteins; UPLC/MS/MS for phenolic compounds; and GC/FID, GC/MS, and GC × GC/TOF-MS for volatile compounds. The harvest year exhibited a significant impact, but many distinctive traits of S. paradoxus versus S. cerevisiae control wines were consistent across the seasons. These included reductions in malic acid and certain phenols and pathogenesis-related proteins. Saccharomyces paradoxus fermentation yielded higher levels of glycerol, volatile acidity, and specific thaumatin-like proteins. Among a total of 474 identified volatile compounds, S. paradoxus exhibited lower concentrations of several odoriferous alcohols, acids, and esters, as well as higher concentrations of β-damascenone, acetaldehyde, isobutyric acid, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, various esters of succinic and lactic acids, accompanied by numerous minor compounds, when compared to S. cerevisiae. These differences suggest the potential for distinct sensory profiles produced by the two yeasts, indicating that S. paradoxus could be a promising alternative for white wine production.

Replacing mechanical utility meters with digital ones is crucial due to the numerous benefits they offer, including increased time resolution in measuring consumption, remote monitoring capabilities for operational efficiency, real-time data for informed decision-making, support for time-of-use billing, and integration with smart grids, leading to enhanced customer service, reduced energy waste, and progress towards environmental sustainability goals. However, the cost associated with replacing mechanical meters with their digital counterparts is a key factor contributing to the relatively slow roll-out of such devices. In this paper, we present a low-cost and power-efficient solution for retrofitting the existing metering infrastructure, based on state-of-the-art communication and artificial intelligence technologies. The edge device we developed contains a camera for capturing images of a dial meter, a 32-bit microcontroller capable of running the digit recognition algorithm, and an NB-IoT module with (E)GPRS fallback, which enables nearly ubiquitous connectivity even in difficult radio conditions. Our digit recognition methodology, based on the on-device training and inference, augmented with federated learning, achieves a high level of accuracy (97.01%) while minimizing the energy consumption and associated communication overhead (87 μWh per day on average).

Little is known about the causes of the decline in blue mussel populations in the North Atlantic. If mussel beds are to be protected, and maybe even restored, we need knowledge about environmental conditions under which blue mussels can survive and grow. Wave exposure impacts the growth and abundance of blue mussels by impacting food availability, predation, competition and sedimentation. In the field it is difficult to separate the effects of the different variables, and we therefore wanted to perform a simple, but controlled, mesocosm study on the impact of wave exposure on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) growth. We placed three replicate blue mussels in each of 12 mesocosm basins, of which six had high and six had low wave level. Each of the 36 blue mussels were measured weekly for 13 summer weeks and the measured parameters (length, width, thickness, weight and displacement volume) were analysed against wave exposure and time using a non-parametric Generalised Additive Model (GAM). Surprisingly, we found no effect of wave exposure on any of the parameters. This could be because wave exposure is not as important as we have believed, but that it usually captures other factors, such as sedimentation, predation and competition. It could also be explained by the level and span in wave exposure being too low, failing to generate measurable effects. Our advice for future studies is to increase the difference in wave exposure levels, but still perform controlled studies to separate the effect of wave exposure from other variables.

U radu je prikazano 13 novih nalazišta crnjuše (Erica carnea L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH). Prikupljeni su svi literaturni navodi za ovu vrstu u BiH i zajedno sa novim nalazištima prikazani na MGRS mreži kvadrata veličine 10x10 km. Podaci su prikazani posebno za svaki tip geološke podloge: dolomiti, serpentiniti, krečnjaci, silikati i posebno visokoplaninski karbonati. Prikazan je i raspon visina nalazišta za pojedine grupe geoloških podloga. Pored novih nalazišta na dolomitnim i silikatnim staništima, u radu se skreće pažnja na nalazišta crnjuše u krečnjačkim kanjonima Vrbasa, Bistrice i Drine, što predstavlja i novo stanište ove vrste u BiH, koje je u radu detaljnije opisano.

The paper presents research carried out in the area of Grdelica gorge in 60 years old black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) stands. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied planting method of ameliorative afforestation had an impact on physical and chemical soil properties, soil erodibility and soil loss. The experimental fields were selected from the afforested areas where soil samples were taken from fixed depths and then were subjected to physical and chemical laboratory analyses. The soil erodibility factor K was calculated using the Wischmeier and Smith formula, whilst, soil loss was estimated according to Erosion Potential method – EPM by Gavrilović. According to the results of the research, in the studied period of 60 years there was a change in the soil physical and chemical properties. There was also a reduction in the soil erodibility factor and soil loss which can be the result of ameliorative afforestation. The afforestation method can affect the reduction of soil losses, while the erodibility factor may be affected indirectly (e.g. by increase in the organic matter content, forming structural aggregates) not immediately after afforestation, but in a long term period.

Synthetic dyes are used in all sectors of industry and represent a serious ecological problem. By the presence, anthraquinone dyes are right after the azo dyes. Unlike azo, anthraquinone dyes are considerably harder to degrade due to the presence of coupled aromatic rings in their structure. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) proved to be an efficient and ecologically acceptable solution for synthetic dyes decolonization. For that reason, feasibility of peroxidase from fresh horseradish extract application in anthraquinone dye decolonization was the object of this research. Unpurified peroxidase (1.5 mg mL-1), was immobilized onto fumed silica by adsorption. In order to optimize the decolonization of anthraquinone dye Acid Violet 109 (AV 109) 0.1 IU of obtained immobilized HRP was applied in a batch reactor. Under the optimal conditions (pH 4.0, dye concentration 30 mg L-1, hydrogen peroxide concentration 0.1 mM) 55.1 % of initial dye concentration was decolorized, within 30 min. In addition, compared to free enzyme, immobilized HRP showed higher resistance towards inhibitory influence of the dye and hydrogen peroxide.

The considerable improvement of performance in retail companies is a result of applying the concept of sustainable development. In the context of this, sustainable cost management is particularly seen as crucial factor in business success of retailers. With the development of "green practices" and according to the results of empirical research global retailers made substantial cost savings and thereby improved operating and financial performance. Sustainable cost management in retail has special significance in the economic crisis. It is quite understandable because of the fact that "cost reduction" is a primary way for the retailers to achieve the target performance.

In order to improve performance and due to its importance and complexity, retailing is the subject of constant scientific and professional research. One of newer aspects of research is the effects of applying the concept of sustainable development in retail. The concept of sustainable development is treated as a separate strategy of business success in retail. Research has shown that the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in retail is on the lower level in Serbia compared to countries with developed market economies. Nevertheless, it has shown that the impact of retail development on the sustainable development of economy of Serbia is significant. Bearing that in mind, the concept of sustainable development should be effectively implemented in the retail in Serbia in order to improve its overall (environmental, social and economic) performance in the future.

Cilj rada je da se utvrdi uticaj aerozagađenja kod ispitivanih drvenastih vrsta kestena i pajasena na gustinu stoma u ispitivanim uslovima aerozagađenja grada Banjaluka. Ispitivane su dvije lokacije različitih aerozagađenja i to: prva lokacija je Studetnski kampus, gdje je aerozagađenje minimalno ili ga uopšte nema; druga lokacija je Zapadni tranzit, gdje je zagađenje veliko zbog velikog broja automobila koji prolaze Zapadnim tranzitom. Stepen aerozagađenja između ove dvije lokacije je veoma izražen, a cilj istraživanja je upravo to, da se vidi kako navedene lokacije, koje imaju različite uslove za život ispitivanih vrsta drvenastih biljaka, utiču na fiziološke procese kao što su transpiracija i fotosinteza.

Over the last few decades, quality has become one of the most important factors of companies' competitiveness, a condition for their survival and development. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the degree of quality culture development in an organization. The analysis was based on empirical research in which 80 employees from the company Šinvoz, Zrenjanin participated during November 2022. The results showed that the organizational culture in this company did not sufficiently implement the characteristics of the quality culture. Employees do not notice enough management involvement and commitment in quality improvement efforts, the organizational culture is centralized and formalized, which is why the employees themselves are not engaged and committed to quality improvement. There is a big disproportion (gap) between what is visible and publicly announced (quality statement) and what is not immediately visible (opinions and attitudes of employees). In the following period, the company should constantly confirm in practice that quality is its key value, in order to reduce this disproportion.

In this study, in a pioneering effort, glomalin proteins were extracted and geochemically characterized from soil in Serbia. Standard chemical (dry combustion, Walkley-Black) and spectroscopic methods (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were used to gain insight into the glomalin proteins. Samples from the City of Novi Sad (Serbia) were used for characterization and comparison. The soil contained an average of 17 mg/g of glomalin, representing ≈21% of the soil organic matter. DLS zeta potential analysis and the FTIR spectra reveal two significant differences before and after glomalin extraction, indicating a relationship between sand fractions and organic matter that affects particle aggregation and erosion potential. A comparison of SEM images and DLS results reveals that the glomalin extract consists of two particle size groups (0.08–1 and 6 µm), suggesting that the extraction process isolates only a smaller fraction of proteins and less tightly bound particles, indicating that soil aggregation is influenced by both mineralogy and the characteristics of organic matter. Hence, our research raises important questions about the role of glomalin in mitigating soil degradation processes, particularly soil erosion. Our study will enhance the overall understanding of glomalin, inspire future research, and prove beneficial for the sustainable restoration of degraded lands.

Due to favorable natural conditions and human impact, the territory of North Macedonia is very susceptible to natural hazards. Steep hillslopes combined with soft rocks (schists on the mountains; sands and sandstones in depressions), erodible soils, semiarid continental climate, and sparse vegetation cover give a high potential for soil erosion and landslides. For this reason, this study presents a multi-hazard approach to geohazard modeling on the national extent in the example of North Macedonia. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems, relevant data about the entire research area were employed to analyze and assess soil erosion and susceptibility to landslides and identify areas prone to both hazards. Using the Gavrilović Erosion Potential Method (EPM), an average value of 0.36 was obtained for the erosion coefficient Z, indicating low to moderate susceptibility to erosion. However, a significant area of the country (9.6%) is susceptible to high and excess erosion rates. For the landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA), the Analytical hierarchy process approach is combined with the statistical method (frequency ratio), showing that 29.3% of the territory belongs to the zone of high and very high landslide susceptibility. Then, the accuracy assessment is performed for both procedures (EPM and LSA), showing acceptable reliability. By overlapping both models, a multi-hazard map is prepared, indicating that 22.3% of North Macedonia territory is highly susceptible to erosion and landslides. The primary objective of multi-hazard modeling is to identify and delineate hazardous areas, thereby aiding in activities to reduce the hazards and mitigate future damage. This becomes particularly significant when considering the impact of climate change, which is associated with increased landslide and erosion susceptibility. The approach based on a national level presented in this work can provide valuable information for regional planning and decision-making processes.

Landslides and slope processes constitute one of the most frequent natural hazards in valleys near major rivers and mountainous regions. The surface layer, characterized by its relatively loose composition, is prone to sliding due to a combination of distinct natural and human-related factors. Specific sections along the right bank of the Danube River in Smederevo city exhibit significant susceptibility to landslide activation, often leading to substantial material losses and posing a risk to the local population. The initial step in the provided research involves analyzing existing literature and mapping landslides within the study area. The initial analysis covers both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The second step includes establishing a geospatial database in the Geographic Information System and generating eight thematic maps. In the third step, different weight coefficients were assigned to the criteria, which facilitated the creation of the Landslide Susceptibility Index using the Best–Worst Method. Subsequently, in the fourth step, a composite map illustrating landslide susceptibility was produced. According to this research, about 4% of the territory of Smederevo, or 19.3 km2, is highly or very highly susceptible to landslides. These localities are located on the right bank of the Danube River and around the Ralja River. Receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve value indicates very high predictive power (approximately 1), thus suggesting the reliability of the used methodology. This visualization of areas highly prone to such occurrences empowers policymakers to implement more effective environmental protection measures and institute sustainable management practices for agricultural parcels in this region. Also, the provided research represents the inaugural integration of advanced remote sensing techniques and interdisciplinary investigations, offering deeper insights into landslide activity in the study area and yielding more comprehensive results.

Ultra-high-speed synchrotron-based hard X-ray (i.e. above 10 keV) imaging is gaining a growing interest in a number of scientific domains for tracking non-repeatable dynamic phenomena at spatio-temporal microscales. This work describes an optimized indirect X-ray imaging microscope designed to achieve high performance at micrometre pixel size and megahertz acquisition speed. The entire detector optical arrangement has an improved sensitivity within the near-ultraviolet (NUV) part of the emitted spectrum (i.e. 310–430 nm wavelength). When combined with a single-crystal fast-decay scintillator, such as LYSO:Ce (Lu2−xYxSiO5:Ce), it exploits the potential of the NUV light-emitting scintillators. The indirect arrangement of the detector makes it suitable for high-dose applications that require high-energy illumination. This allows for synchrotron single-bunch hard X-ray imaging to be performed with improved true spatial resolution, as herein exemplified through pulsed wire explosion and superheated near-nozzle gasoline injection experiments at a pixel size of 3.2 µm, acquisition rates up to 1.4 MHz and effective exposure time down to 60 ps.

The research subject is the application of geographic information systems (GIS) in assessing land suitability for agriculture in the Sana River Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the research is to apply the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in identifying suitable areas for agricultural production. Within the AHP framework, the following factors were considered: pedology, land use, elevation, slope, aridity index, and distance from rivers. The results of the suitability assessment underwent reclassification (RP) and cluster analysis processes (CAPs). It was found that very unsuitable land (1) covers an area of 0.15% (RP) or 5.83% (CAP), unsuitable land (2) covers 3.44% (RP) or 17.52% (CAP), conditionally suitable land (3) covers 32.11% or 28.47% (CAP), suitable land (4) covers 56.29% or 28.57% (CAP), and very suitable land (5) covers 7.98% (RP) or 19.59% (CAP). At the study area level, a supervised classification process was conducted to identify land use classes: meadows/pastures, water, forest, agricultural, and built-up areas. RP and CAP results were overlaid with supervised classification results to determine the amount of land used for agricultural purposes within each suitability class. It was determined that currently, for agricultural purposes, 0.04 km2 (RP) or 0.88 km2 (CAP) of very unsuitable land (1) is used, 0.41 km2 (RP) or 7.28 km2 (CAP) of unsuitable land (2), 15.75 km2 (RP) or 27.52 km2 (CAP) of conditionally suitable land (3), 185.15 km2 (RP) or 107.06 km2 (CAP) of suitable land (4), and 42.99 km2 (RP) or 101.65 km2 (CAP) of very suitable land (5). The research findings hold substantial importance in elucidating both the potential and constraints of land use practices as a vital natural resource within agriculture. They also have practical importance for relevant institutions in terms of agricultural sector development and making timely land use planning decisions for sustainable development.

The subject of the research represents the application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation in the municipality of Stanari in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim of the study is to identify spatial changes during the research period (2017–2023) by processing remote sensing “products.” Within the changes in land use, the focus is placed on alterations resulting from surface mineral resource mining activities. The total approved exploitation area amounts to 3841.08 ha, covering almost a quarter of the municipality (23.89%). Monitoring changes in land use was conducted through the processing of Sentinel-2 images using supervised classification (SC). The classification results were compared with the Dynamic World (DW) dataset. Results indicate significant losses in forested areas, reduced by −7.23% (DW) or −2.43% (SC) at the municipal level and −11.48% (DW) or −5.90% (SC) within the exploitation area. Spatial extents of deforestation were identified and analyzed based on processing the Hansen Global Forest Data Change dataset. The deforestation area, caused by mining activity in B&H over the research period (2001–2021), amounts to 977.94 ha, with 264.25 ha (27.02%) within the Stanari municipality. Over 90% of the cleared forest area is within the exploitation area. High erosion coefficient values (Z) were recorded within the approved exploitation area, coinciding with the spatial coverage of deforestation. Additionally, results obtained using an empirical method for studying mechanical water erosion (W y) indicate a high intensity within the exploitation area. For the approved exploitation area, possibilities for the restoration of degraded land were analyzed, including an overview of activities conducted so far and mapping some of the previously reclaimed areas. The research contributes to a better understanding of spatial changes resulting from mining activities, and the presented data are significant for numerous practical issues, such as sustainable land use planning, spatial planning, protection of forest ecosystems, and the environment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands apart from other malignancies due to its pronounced association with dietary patterns. Approximately 70% of all CRC cases arise sporadically, and suboptimal dietary and lifestyle choices can override certain predisposing factors, including a family history of the disease. Hitherto, the most compelling evidence linking CRC risk has been attributed to heme iron, predominantly found in red and processed meats, although this form of iron constitutes a mere 20% of total dietary iron. The human organism maintains a remarkably intricate and tightly regulated iron homeostasis system owing to the deleterious consequences of both excessive and deficient serum iron levels. Dietary sources remain the sole means to replenish iron losses. Despite the abundant presence of iron in various food sources, its absorption, commonly referred to as bioavailability, is notably restricted due to an array of dietary inhibitors and homeostatic mechanisms.Consequently, a substantial 80% of ingested dietary iron is excreted in fecal matter, resulting in fecal iron concentrations that surpass those found in most body tissues by a tenfold margin. Prolonged exposure of the colorectum to excessive fecal iron, combined with concurrent physiological alterations, can instigate oncogenic processes leading to CRC. Notably, despite their recognized significance in CRC pathology, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors have been sporadically integrated into predictive models, primarily concerning CRC recurrence. Nonetheless, these models exhibit disparities in the dietary components, rendering them non-universally applicable. In light of these disparities, postulating that incorporating bioavailable iron, in conjunction with hepcidin levels, may offer superior predictive value for CRC risk assessment, and herein, elucidates the scientific foundation supporting this hypothesis.

Љубомир Стојановић, научник и политичар, одлучно је прекинуо са монархијским обликом владавине у време Солунског процеса 1917. године, посвећујући се ширењу и остварењу републиканских идеја у политичком животу новостворене југословенске државе. Идеја националног ослобођења и уједињења српског народа била је камен темељац на којој је заснивао своје погледе и тумачења републиканства. Припадао је оној генерацији која је, помогнута млађим нараштајима и заједно са њима „осуђена на политичку и националну борбу“, са великим успехом на стављала започето дело ослобођења и уједињења српског народа, између осталог и у Босни и Херцеговини. У раду су приказани и анализирани погледи и деловање Љубомира Стојановића у питањима српства и југословенства између осталог и на простору Босне и Херцеговине, о којима је писао у склопу једног ширег проблема решења југословенског питања у оквирима југословенске државе, те за које се борио принципијелно и упорно у својим јавним иступима. Рад је настао на основу извора похрањених у Архиву Српске академије наука и уметности, штампе и историографске литературе.

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the relationship between career opportunities and employee engagement, as well as the mediating effect of the glass-ceiling phenomenon within the hospitality. Methodology – Beside desk research, this paper employs the empirical research undertaken by use of a specially prepared online questionnaire. Research was conducted between October 2023 and April 2024 with participation of 567 women employed in the hospitality, while proposed relationships were tested by using the partial least squares method for structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM, SmartPLS software). Findings – The research results showed the existence of a positive relationship between broken glass-ceiling and employee engagement, that career opportunities are positively related to employee engagement and elimination of the glass-ceiling effect, and that the glass-ceiling effect mediates the relationship between career opportunities and employee engagement within the hospitality. Implications – This is one of the first studies which addresses the topics of glass-ceiling, career opportunities and employee engagement in the hospitality by using specific methodology (questionnaire and PLS-SEM). The research findings may be used as a basis for decision making process for retaining employees in the hospitality on the long run by eliminating glass-ceiling effects, improving career opportunities and employee engagement.

The objective of this study is to analyse the spatial-temporal patterns of traffic accidents using data from 2011 to 2020 for the AP Vojvodina. The spatial-temporal patterns of traffic accident hotspots were identified at the municipality level using the Getis–Ord Gi⁎{G}_{i}^{\ast } statistic in ArcGIS Pro software. Trends in traffic accidents were analysed using the Mann-Kendall (MK) statistic. A certain trend in the number of traffic accidents, fatalities, and injuries was detected in 15 out of 45 municipalities. In two municipalities, the trend in the number of traffic accidents is decreasing, while in seven, it is increasing. In three municipalities, a decreasing trend in the number of traffic fatalities was observed. A decreasing trend in traffic injuries was identified in five municipalities. Hotspot analysis on the number of traffic accidents and traffic injuries revealed hotspots in seven municipalities, while no hotspots were detected in the number of traffic fatalities. In the traffic casualties weighted number, persons in tractors, hotspots were identified in two municipalities. This research has the potential to enhance traffic safety by directing targeted safety measures towards identified hotspots. Such measures could ultimately lead to a reduction in traffic accidents, consequently curbing the number of both fatalities and injuries.

Uvod: Medicinske sestre v pediatrični onkološki zdravstveni negi se srečujejo s pacienti in njihovimi družinami iz različnih kulturnih okolij. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti ključne elemente medkulturne zdravstvene oskrbe, ki jih prepoznavajo medicinske sestre v pediatrični onkologiji, ter izzive, s katerimi se srečujejo v praksi. Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativnem deskriptivno-interpretativnem pristopu. Podatki so bili pridobljeni z individualnimi, delno strukturiranimi intervjuji na namenskem vzorcu sedmih medicinskih sester z izkušnjami na področju pediatrične onkološke zdravstvene nege. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirali smo tri teme: (1) značilnosti medosebnih odnosov in medkulturno komunikacijo, (2) spregledane vidike medkulturne zdravstvene nege in (3) zaznavanje lastne medkulturne prakse. Zaposleni v onkološki pediatrični zdravstveni negi so medosebne odnose in medkulturno prakso označili kot zelo pomembno za razumevanje težav in zagotavljanje potreb onkoloških pacientov, zato je zelo pomembnozačetno spoznavanje in vzpostavitev dobrega medsebojnega sodelovalnega odnosa, ki temelji na odprti komunikaciji, prilagodljivosti in spoštovanju kulturnih razlik. Sodelujoči opažajo, da na zdravje vplivajo medkulturne razlike in predvsem osebna prepričanja pacientov. Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo, da na pediatričnem onkološkem oddelku poznajo pomen dobrega medosebnega odnosa med zaposlenimi v pediatrični zdravstveni negi, otroki in njihovim starši ter upoštevajo njihove potrebe glede kulturno pogojenih vzorcev vedenja, na primer glede prehranjevanja in lajšanja bolečine. Prav tako pa se kaže potreba po dodatnem izobraževanju zaposlenih.

Soil erosion, with the progressive loss of fertile topsoil and its negative impact on agricultural productivity, has become a critical global environmental problem. In the second half of the 20th century, many municipalities in Serbia experienced significant changes in land use, vegetation, and environmental conditions. The drive towards industrialization and urbanization aimed to improve the living standards of the population, but as a consequence, it led to substantial depopulation of rural areas and the adoption of inadequate agricultural practices, which, in turn, further intensified soil erosion. This study focuses on the Sokobanjska Moravica River basin (Eastern Serbia), extending to the Bovan Lake Dam and upstream, with a total area of 540.4 km². The basin is situated in a characteristic karst landscape. Changes in erosion intensity and runoff from this basin are analyzed using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model, which algorithmically integrates the widely used Erosion Potential Method (EPM) with innovative computational techniques to predict sediment production and runoff from the river basin accurately. This analysis utilizes GIS software and official statistical yearbook data, focusing on the period from the second half of the 20th century, including the analysis of the current state. According to our research, the most intensive changes in land use occurred between 1961 and 1971, marking the beginning of the period of a decline in rural population and, consequently, a decrease in erosion intensity. Key findings indicate that predominant changes in land use and vegetation led to a shift from crop farming to animal husbandry. After 1971, ongoing depopulation, particularly in rural areas, resulted in a gradual and steady decrease in erosion intensity. The primary aim of this study is to support policymakers in developing more effective soil and water conservation regulations. By making recommendations for the protection of vegetation, and thus the soil within this river basin, this research helps ensure their long-term preservation. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of current land use practices and develop strategies to mitigate erosion in the context of changing climate conditions.

Wildfires pose a significant ecological, environmental, and socioeconomic challenge in southeastern Europe. The preservation of wildlands is not only essential but also a foremost priority for Montenegro, a country recognized as the world’s first ecological state. Consequently, the development of optimal methodologies and models is of paramount importance to enhance fire protection measures. With this objective in mind, this study strives to create a wildfire susceptibility model on a national scale for Montenegro. The study employed seven natural and anthropogenic causative criteria: vegetation type; aspect; slope; elevation; climate classification; distance from road; and population. The modeling process integrates both natural and anthropogenic causal criteria, employing the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) and Frequency Ratio (FR) within geoinformatics environment. The outcomes of the F-AHP model reveal that 72.84% of the total area is categorized as having high to very high susceptibility. Conversely, based on the FR model, only 29.07% of the area falls within these susceptibility levels. In terms of validation, the area under curvature values indicates good performance of the F-AHP model. In contrast, the FR model demonstrates poor performance. These novel findings, pertaining to Montenegro at a national scale, offer valuable insights for preemptive wildfire safeguarding efforts. Moreover, the methodologies employed, with necessary modifications, hold potential for application in geographically diverse regions.

Research Question: The key research question is what the key positive and negative perceptions of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding workplace robots are. Motivation: Academics, practitioners, and decision-makers are more and more interested in the impact of new technological solutions in the field of robotics on organizations and their functioning. Ongoing technological advancements have accelerated the adoption and use of robots in the workplace. As a result, organizations that plan to introduce robots should consider all effects on employees, both positive and negative. Idea: The main idea is to examine and analyse the perceptions and attitudes of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding robots at the workplace. The results of this study regarding students' perceptions and attitudes towards robots in the workplace are crucial for the future of work and job design. Data: Data were collected via online questionnaire consisting of five profile questions and 13 statements organized in two five-point Likert scales. From January to March 2023, the questionnaire was completed by 164 students from the Republic of Serbia. Tools: The collected answers were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS, version 21.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics, student t-test and one-way ANOVA test was used for data analysis. Findings: Research results showed that most respondents believe that robots can do dangerous jobs that humans cannot, that robots can free humans from routine and monotonous jobs, and that humans will have more time for creative tasks. Robots in the workplace, on the other hand, will have some negative consequences. Many respondents agree that working with robots without people would make them feel lonely; robots would not know how to react in some unexpected circumstances; and they are not as flexible and mobile as humans. Contribution: The findings of this study could make a significant contribution to a better understanding of students’ attitudes towards robots in the workplace and they may help decision makers, employers, leaders, and managers on how to increase workplace acceptance of robots.

Earthquakes are a rather complex natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented, and their effects can be catastrophic and have profound implications on various economic sectors (especially tourism). This study investigates the relationships between subjective factors (gender, age, education, previous experience, and disaster anxiety), the perceived travel risk, and the travel intention of tourists from Serbia to destinations in Türkiye. The pilot study was done in March 2023 with 110 respondents from the Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism, and Hotel Management, Novi Sad. After the validation of the instruments, the main survey was conducted in the period from March to June 2023. The subjects of interest were residents of Serbia over the age of 18. The data from this study are analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis and path analyses. This study aims to enhance the understanding of perceived risk and travel intention, specifically focusing on Türkiye. The assessed outcome relates to how tourists perceive three specific categories of risk when traveling to destinations with a high risk of natural disasters, such as earthquake-prone areas. The findings suggest that older respondents tend to perceive lower physical and financial travel risks, even though the influence of age on the perception of socio-psychological risks was inconclusive. Further results reveal that individuals with prior experience tend to hold a heightened perception of physical, financial, and socio-psychological risks. An examination of the relationship between disaster anxiety and perceived travel risks indicates that physical, financial, and socio-psychological risks exert a negative influence on travel intention. Thus, this study may provide a conceptual foundation for both theoretical and practical implications for the improvement of risk management techniques at a specific travel destination in areas prone to earthquake hazards.

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic predictors and the unmet health needs of the older adult population in Serbia.Materials and methodsThe study is part of the Population Health Survey of Serbia, which was conducted in the period from October to December 2019 by the Institute for Public Health of Serbia “Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut” and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on a representative sample of Serbian residents in the form of a cross-sectional study. For the purposes of this research study, data on senior citizens, aged 65 and older, were used.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of demographic characteristics that showed statistical significance in the univariate model as a whole explains between 4.2% (Cox & Snell R Square) and 5.9% (Nagelkerke R Square) of the variance of unmet health needs and correctly classifies 66.3% cases. Statistically significant demographic predictors were the region where the respondents live, level of education, and material condition. The results of the research show that the most dominant predictors of the unmet health needs of the older adult population are related to socioeconomic inequalities, financial reasons, and predictors related to the inaccessibility of health care.ConclusionThe results suggest that individual socioeconomic predictors have a great influence on the emergence of unmet health needs of the older adult population in Serbia. Every third older adult resident did not receive the necessary health care, most often due to financial constraints.

Background and objectives. Diet is the crucial environmental factor in sporadic colorectal cancer. Its complexity and diversity reflect our cultural and historical background, and could potentially explain why the existing public health strategies focused on colorectal cancer are failing. Materials and methods. An observational cross-sectional study encompassed 60 non-metastatic CRC patients to assess dietary factors related to colorectal cancer, with regard to their traditional diet i.e. the region they come from. Patients were recruited from two regions (30 patients per region), in one (Slavonia) traditional diet is abundant in well-known dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer, and in the second (Dalmatia) traditional diet is the Mediterranean type. Results. Based on the logistic regression analysis, patients from Dalmatia have a 24% higher risk for the high-risk diet in comparison to patients from Slavonia (OR = 1.240, 95% CI 1.195 – 9.990, P=0.022). Identified independent risk factors include weight loss in the last 3 months along with daily alcohol consumption which were found to increase CRC risk by 61.4% and 53.1%, respectively. Conclusions. Our results support statistical data showing that colorectal cancer incidence is higher in the Mediterranean region, suggesting a shift in the Mediterranean dietary pattern, which in our case were higher obesity rates, daily alcohol consumption and abundance of unfavorable dietary habits.

The issue of trade efficiency analysis is very challenging, continuously current, significant and complex due to its specificity. In doing so, different research methodologies can be used: research analysis, DEA analysis and the REF method. In this paper, the efficiency of trade in Serbia is analyzed based on the REF-III method. In the specific case, in the period 2015-2021. the best efficiency of trade in Serbia was achieved in 2019. The following are: 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2021 and 2020. In the observed period, the efficiency of trade in Serbia continuously increased from year to year until 2019. In 2021, compared to 2020, slightly improved efficiency of trade in Serbia. The unsatisfactory efficiency of trade in Serbia in 2020 was influenced, among other things, by the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus. It is partially mitigated with electronic commerce. In any case, the target efficiency of trade in Serbia can be achieved, among other things, by adequate management of human resources, assets, capital, sales, costs and profit. The REF-III method plays a significant role in this. It indicates which alternative is good and which is not effective. Where the efficiency is unsatisfactory, it is necessary to influence the improvement by applying adequate measures.