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Islamic philosophy as a paradigm of Islamic psychology can be grasped as an effort of psychology islamization employing Islamic philo­sophy as its pattern. In other words, current psychology should be Islamized as a reference to develop current psychology into Islamic psycho­logy. This article discusses Islamic philo­sophy from its growth and development in Islamic world Kata Kunci: Filsafat Islam, islamisasi psikologi

This study analysed the legal alignment for post-divorce muallaf women through the decision of the Religious Courts and the extent of its implementation for post-divorce muallaf women in Manado City. This investigation was necessary due to the high rates of male and female muallaf marriages in this city. The rights of muallaf women, specifically those relating to livelihoods, children, and after divorce, have been neglected. However, legal alignment is a reality, providing there is reinforcement from the court as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution article 27 paragraph 1. Qualitative method with normative-sociological approach was used in analysing the data. The primary data sources were informants, comprising people who changed religion because of marriage, as well as government and clergy officials. In addition, library materials are used after seriously studying the literature such as journal articles, books, and other supporting documents, which are relevant to this research. The findings showed that legal protection for the rights of post-divorce muallaf women was not solely the judge’s decision on paper but the responsibility of men that were to be fulfilled after the divorce. Although these rights were not adequately realized, it is concluded the tendency for muallaf women to obtain their rights with good cooperation from all litigants, including law enforcers. This study suggests that the form of legal alignment for women based on the law is not just on paper so an evaluation is needed from law enforcers. Studi ini menganalisis keberpihakan hukum bagi perempuan muallaf pasca bercerai lewat putusan Pengadilan Agama dan sejauhmana pengimplementasiannya bagi perempuan muallaf pasca bercerai di Kota Manado. Penyelidikan ini diperlukan karena tingginya angka perkawinan muallaf laki-laki dan perempuan di kota ini. Hak-hak perempuan muallaf, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan nafkah, anak, dan setelah perceraian, terabaikan. Padahal keberpihakan hukum menjadi kenyataan, asalkan ada penguatan dari pengadilan sebagaimana diatur dalam UUD 1945 pasal 27 ayat 1. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-sosiologi digunakan dalam menganalisis data. Sumber data primer adalah informan, yakni masyarakat yang pindah agama karena perkawinan, pejabat pemerintah, dan agamawan. Selain itu, digunakan bahan pustaka setelah mempelajari secara serius literatur-literatur seperti artikel jurnal, buku, dan dokumen pendukung lainnya, yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak perempuan muallaf pasca cerai bukan semata-mata keputusan hakim di atas kertas melainkan tanggung jawab laki-laki yang harus dipenuhi setelah perceraian. Meskipun hak-hak tersebut tidak diwujudkan secara memadai, namun disimpulkan adanya kecenderungan perempuan muallaf untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya dengan kerjasama yang baik dari semua pihak yang berperkara, termasuk para penegak hukum. Studi ini menyarankan bahwa bentuk keberpihakan hukum bagi perempuan berdasarkan hukum tidak hanya di atas kertas sehingga diperlukan evaluasi dari penegak hukum.

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been observing the outer heliosphere and its interactions with the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) via measurements of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) for over 14 yr. We discovered the IBEX Ribbon—a structure completely unanticipated by any prior theory or model—that almost certainly resides beyond the heliopause in the VLISM. We also characterized the other major source of heliospheric ENAs, the globally distributed flux (GDF), produced largely in the heliosheath between the termination shock and heliopause. In this study, we make three major new contributions. First, we validate, provide, and analyze the most recent 3 yr of IBEX-Hi (0.5–6 keV FWHM) data (2020–2022) for the first time. Second, we link these observations to the prior 11 yr of observations, exploring long-term variations. Finally, we provide the first IBEX team-validated Ribbon/GDF separation scheme and separated maps. Because of the uncertainty in separating different line-of-sight integrated sources, we provide not just best guess (median) maps, but also maps with upper and lower reasonable values of Ribbon and GDF fluxes, along with bounding fluxes that add the uncertainties to the upper and lower values. This allows theories and models to be compared with a range of possible values that the IBEX team believes are consistent with data. These observations, along with the reanalysis of the prior 11 yr of IBEX-Hi data, provide new insights and even further develop our detailed understanding of the heliosphere’s interaction with the local interstellar medium unlocked by IBEX.

We investigate the long-term persistence of the time series of energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes recorded by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). ENAs provide global information about the outer heliosphere and its interactions with the very local interstellar medium. To avoid the IBEX Ribbon, here, we focus our analysis solely on the polar regions N60°–N90° and S60°–S90°. Each year, IBEX takes two measurements of every pixel in the sky. We make use of the whole set of 14 yr of IBEX data and adhere to the correct time order for the construction of the flux time series. We examine in detail both the trend and the fluctuations of these time series. Using modern methods of time series analysis and persistence characterization, we show that the time series (i) trend is influenced by the solar cycle, (ii) persistence can be established independently of the presence of this trend, and (iii) statistical properties of the fluctuations differs between north and south, pointing to the existence of anisotropy and thus a north–south asymmetry.

ABSTRACT Around 50.82% of the age group 15-19 years were smokers in Makassar city, one of which was influenced by tobacco ads exposure (National Institute of Health Research and Development, 2019b). This study aimed to evaluate the violation of tobacco product advertising to Local Regulation of South Sulawesi No. 1 of 2015 on Smoke-Free Area (SFA) in 2019 and its contribution to local revenue of Makassar City in 2018. This was a descriptive study through a quantitative approach with cross sectional design. The observation was conducted on 21 major roads and the document review was performed by processing and analyzing the secondary data of the Regional Revenue Department of Makassar City 2018. Data were analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS 22. This study found around 51% of 619 tobacco advertising (banner, billboard, name board, poster, pushcart, and video Tron) did not comply with the Local Regulation of South Sulawesi 1/2015. The violations were located in SFA (2%); near schools and healthcare facilities (14%); cut off the roads (16%); the size >72 m2 (6%); and near government offices (40%). The contribution of tobacco advertising was only IDR 736,643,634,-., which was around 0.02% of the local revenue. The violation of tobacco advertising to the Local Regulation 1/2015 and a very small contribution to local revenue showed that Mayor Regulation on Total Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship (TAPS) Ban should be carried out immediately to prevent children to be the target tobacco industries in Makassar City. Keywords: tobacco advertising, TAPS contribution, local revenue

Gut microbial colonization and immune response may be affected by milk feeding method. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding high or low volumes of milk on fecal bacterial count, inflammatory response, blood metabolites and growth performance of Holstein female calves. Colostrum-fed calves (n = 48) were randomly assigned to either high milk (HM; n = 24) or low milk (LM; n = 24) feeding groups. Low milk-fed calves were fed pasteurized whole milk at 10% of BW until weaning. In HM group, milk was offered to calves at 20% of BW for the first 3 weeks of life. Then, milk allowance was decreased gradually to reach 10% of BW on day 26 and remained constant until weaning on day 51. Calves were allowed free access to water and starter throughout the experiment. Body weight was measured weekly, and blood samples were taken on days 14, 28 and 57. Fecal samples were collected on days 7, 14 and 21 of age for the measurement of selected microbial species. By design, HM calves consumed more nutrients from milk during the first 3 weeks and they were heavier than LM calves on days 21, 56 and 98. High milk-fed calves had greater serum glucose and triglyceride levels on day 14 with no significant difference between groups on days 28 and 57. Blood urea nitrogen was higher in LM calves on day 14, but it was lower in HM calves on day 28. Calves in LM group had significantly greater blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) than HM calves throughout the experiment. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration was higher in LM calves on day 14. However, HM calves showed higher levels of SAA at the time of weaning. Feeding high volumes of milk resulted in lower serum cortisol levels on days 14 and 28 but not at the time of weaning in HM calves compared to LM counterparts. Lactobacillus count was higher in feces sample of HM calves. Conversely, the numbers of Escherichia coli was greater in the feces of LM calves. Calves in HM group showed fewer days with fever and tended to have fewer days treated compared to LM group. In conclusion, feeding higher amounts of milk during the first 3 weeks of life improved gut microbiota, inflammation and health status and growth performance of Holstein dairy calves.

Reliable predictions of the impact of natural hazards turning into a disaster is important for better targeting humanitarian response as well as for triggering early action. Open data and machine learning can be used to predict loss and damage to the houses and livelihoods of affected people. This research focuses on agricultural loss, more specifically rice loss in the Philippines due to typhoons. Regression and binary classification algorithms are trained using feature selection methods to find the most important explanatory features. Both geographical data from every province, and typhoon specific features of 11 historical typhoons are used as input. The percentage of lost rice area is considered as the output, with an average value of 7.1%. As for the regression task, the support vector regressor performed best with a Mean Absolute Error of 6.83 percentage points. For the classification model, thresholds of 20%, 30% and 40% are tested in order to find the best performing model. These thresholds represent different levels of lost rice fields for triggering anticipatory action towards farmers. The binary classifiers are trained to increase its ability to rightly predict the positive samples. In all three cases, the support vector classifier performed the best with a recall score of 88%, 75% and 81.82%, respectively. However, the precision score for each of these models was low: 17.05%, 14.46% and 10.84%, respectively. For both the support vector regressor and classifier, of all 14 available input features, only wind speed was selected as explanatory feature. Yet, for the other algorithms that were trained in this study, other sets of features were selected depending also on the hyperparameter settings. This variation in selected feature sets as well as the imprecise predictions were consequences of the small dataset that was used for this study. It is therefore important that data for more typhoons as well as data on other explanatory variables are gathered in order to make more robust and accurate predictions. Also, if loss data becomes available on municipality-level, rather than province-level, the models will become more accurate and valuable for operationalization.

Objective: To identify the method used in detecting fraud cases. Methods: Articles searching by using topic-appropriate keywords and incorporated into search engines (data-based) journals Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and secondary data-based Google scholar. Then data extraction is done based on inclusion criteria. The selected articles have the aim of investigating/detecting cases of fraud that have occurred in the health sector or other related sectors that support the study. Results: The findings of the nine reviewed articles have suggested that most of the fraud perpetrators are performed by medical personnel (doctors) and providers. Many types of fraud occur such as insurance claims or medical actions that are completely unadministered nor following the procedure and duplicating claims. The methods that appropriate to be used in detecting fraud are secondary data tracking, information, and technology specialist provision. Conclusion: Secondary data tracking is the most widely used method in fraud detection. Fraud perpetrators are ones who dominated by medical circles with fictitious claim cases. Perpetrators tend not to act themselves but in organizations with network.

Objective: This article identifies and explains the various research models related to HIV stigma. Methods: This systematic review is done using the PRISMA 2015 guidelines. Source of this review uses 3 online journal databases which are Pubmed, Scinapse, Elsevier. Search criteria include articles published this past 10 years between 2010 and 2020. Result: 4146 articles were obtained and 9 articles which are suited with the inclusion criteria and were chosen in the literature review. It was discovered that stigmatization is a cultural construct and its experiences varies between countries and communities. Models which differentiate are interpersonal and intrapersonal process in handling the stigma. Conclusion: Stigmas are still an important issues because often times it became an obstacle in the effort to reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Therefore there needs to be a gold standard scenario in reducing HIV related stigma, one of them being cultural in source.

W‌h‌i‌l‌s‌t b‌o‌o‌s‌t‌e‌r c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌r‌e s‌u‌g‌g‌e‌s‌t‌e‌d t‌o r‌e‌s‌o‌l‌v‌e t‌h‌e d‌r‌a‌w‌b‌a‌c‌k o‌f c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌t w‌a‌t‌e‌r r‌e‌s‌o‌u‌r‌c‌e‌s, d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f e‌x‌a‌c‌t a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t o‌f i‌n‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s s‌t‌i‌l‌l a p‌r‌o‌b‌l‌e‌m w‌i‌t‌h r‌e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌t t‌o f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f T‌H‌M a‌s d‌i‌s‌i‌n‌f‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n b‌y-p‌r‌o‌d‌u‌c‌t (D‌B‌P) o‌f c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r, a m‌u‌l‌t‌i-o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e g‌e‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m i‌s u‌s‌e‌d t‌o o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌e b‌o‌t‌h t‌h‌e l‌o‌c‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌n‌d t‌h‌e‌i‌r s‌c‌h‌e‌d‌u‌l‌e w‌i‌t‌h r‌e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌t t‌o r‌e‌s‌i‌d‌u‌a‌l c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌e a‌n‌d f‌o‌r‌m‌e‌d T‌H‌M w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌s i‌n‌d‌i‌r‌e‌c‌t‌l‌y e‌s‌t‌i‌m‌a‌t‌e‌d b‌y a l‌i‌n‌e‌a‌r r‌e‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n t‌h‌e a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t o‌f c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌u‌m‌e‌d. T‌h‌e o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s a‌r‌e t‌o m‌i‌n‌i‌m‌i‌z‌e t‌h‌e t‌o‌t‌a‌l a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t o‌f c‌o‌n‌s‌u‌m‌e‌d d‌i‌s‌i‌n‌f‌e‌c‌t‌a‌n‌t a‌n‌d t‌o m‌a‌x‌i‌m‌i‌z‌e p‌e‌r‌c‌e‌n‌t o‌f s‌a‌f‌e‌t‌y d‌r‌i‌n‌k‌i‌n‌g w‌a‌t‌e‌r (S‌D‌W) a‌s‌s‌u‌m‌i‌n‌g a s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌f‌i‌c n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f d‌i‌s‌i‌n‌f‌e‌c‌t‌a‌n‌t s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w t‌h‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n t‌h‌e n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s w‌o‌u‌l‌d l‌e‌a‌d t‌o b‌o‌t‌h a d‌e‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n D‌B‌P a‌n‌d m‌a‌i‌n‌t‌e‌n‌a‌n‌c‌e o‌f r‌e‌s‌i‌d‌u‌a‌l c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌e i‌n s‌t‌a‌n‌d‌a‌r‌d l‌i‌m‌i‌t‌s i‌n m‌a‌n‌y p‌a‌r‌t‌s o‌f t‌h‌e n‌e‌t‌w‌o‌r‌k. P‌a‌r‌t‌i‌c‌u‌l‌a‌r‌l‌y, d‌i‌s‌t‌a‌n‌t p‌o‌i‌n‌t‌s w‌i‌t‌h a v‌e‌r‌y l‌o‌n‌g r‌e‌s‌i‌d‌e‌n‌t t‌i‌m‌e o‌f‌t‌e‌n s‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r b‌o‌t‌h r‌e‌s‌i‌d‌u‌a‌l c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌e l‌e‌s‌s t‌h‌a‌n s‌t‌a‌n‌d‌a‌r‌d l‌i‌m‌i‌t a‌n‌d D‌B‌P w‌i‌t‌h h‌i‌g‌h c‌o‌n‌c‌e‌n‌t‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s. A m‌a‌x‌i‌m‌u‌m a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t i‌n w‌h‌i‌c‌h n‌o r‌i‌s‌k o‌f c‌a‌n‌c‌e‌r w‌o‌u‌l‌d o‌c‌c‌u‌r d‌u‌e t‌o D‌B‌P i‌s t‌h‌e‌n d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d f‌o‌r e‌a‌c‌h s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌f‌i‌c n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f c‌h‌l‌o‌r‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s.

Цель данной статьи – изучение теоретических и практических вопросов повышения правовой культуры судей в Республике Казахстан. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам правового менталитета и формирования профессионального правосознания судей. В данной статье также раскрывается влияние глобализации на развитие правовой культуры казахстанского общества. Методы изучения – исторический, сравнительно-правовой, структурно-функциональный, логический, формально-юридический. Ключевые слова: правовая культура, правосознание, менталитет, правовой нигилизм.

Introduction: Pharmaceutical industry plays an essential role in the development of health in the country. This industry faces some problems such as the inappropriate use of productive capacity, so it is necessary to do a research in this field. By using the financial indicators, it is possible to compare the performance of various current companies in the industry, and by setting a pattern, provide the field of progress for companies. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose; considering the method of data collection, it is descriptive, and according to the type, it is a quantitative research. In this research, in order to measure the dynamic efficiency and to rank the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, a combination of Window Data Envelopment Analysis method and Malmquist index has been used. Therefore, by using 11 effective indices and by applying DEAP Software Version 2.1, the performance of 16 pharmaceutical companies has been investigated during the period of 2009-2014. Results: The alterations of the total productivity in the pharmaceutical industry has decreased in the studied period, and the main reason of this reduction is the alterations of managerial, scale and technological efficiency. Conclusion: The results of the research show that instead of temporary analysis, it is possible to present a more accurate evaluation of the performance of companies by using dynamic analysis of the performance with the combination of two methods of Window Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist index, and by considering the analysis of displacement of efficient frontier.

Droughts occur both in developed and developing countries with significant impacts and are exacerbating in frequency, severity and duration. Over exploitation of water resources, weather variability and climate change are mostly responsible for such exacerbation. The impacts of droughts encompass the global ecosystem as a whole but vary from region to region. Least developed countries (LDCs) are becoming the worst sufferer of the impacts due to physical, social and economic as well as knowledge and skills differences. The increasing biophysical vulnerability contexts and intensity in the Asian LDCs causing adverse effects on food security, human health, biodiversity, water resources, hydroelectric power generation, streams, perennial springs, and livelihood. Drought is also responsible for increasing pollution, pests and diseases and forced migration and famine. Information indicates monsoon has become erratic contributing to up-scaling of droughts. South and Southeast Asian LDCs like Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Cambodia and Lao PDR under the monsoon climatic zone have also been suffering from increasing droughts arising out of delayed and changing distribution patterns of precipitation. Prolong dry spells increase the frequencies of wildfire in grasslands, forests, and range-lands. The rain-fed crops of the plains are facing challenges from soil-moisture stress with projected droughts. Droughts causing migration of fishes, and marine anadromus species are having adverse impacts on spawning habitats. Reduction in annual surface runoff is decreasing the ground and surface water with negative effect on agriculture and water supply for industrial and domestic sectors. As droughts are exacerbating the consequences are accelerating. However, traditionally people are adapting with the changing situations applying indigenous knowledge and practices for sustainable living. This paper reflects on prevalence and impacts of droughts, existing coping mechanisms, initiatives to combat impacts and further doubles in the context of Asian LDCs.

Providing early mental health services during disaster is a great challenge in the disaster response phase. Lack of access to adequate mental-health professionals in the early stages of large-scale disasters dramatically influences the trend of a successful mental health aid. In this paper, a conceptual framework has been suggested for adopting cellphone-type tele-operated android robots in the early stages of disasters for providing the early mental health services for disaster survivors by developing a locationbased and participatory approach. The techniques of enabling GI-services in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) environment were studied to overcome the limitations of current centralized services. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to add more flexibility and autonomy to GI web services (WMS, WFS, WPS, etc.) and alleviate to some degree the inherent limitations of these centralized systems. A P2P system Architecture is presented for the location-based service using minimalistic tele-operated android robots, and some key techniques of implementing this service using BestPeer were studied for developing this framework.

Introduction: Addiction is a habit or behavior that is often hard to quit. It is estimated that 190 million persons are substance users around the world. Substance abuse creates tolerance after a while. Shortly after taking the drug, a person will not enjoy as the beginning of its use; that is why the amount of substance used is gradually increased. The purpose of this study was to find the reasons of tendency to narcotics among addicted individuals referred to methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) center in Yazd. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic study on 100 addicts referred to methadone maintenance treatment center (MMT) in Yazd. Data was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software and employing descriptive statistics such as percentage, ratio, mean, standard deviation and statistical tests such as t-test and chi- square was performed. Results: 41.9 % of addicts were unemployed, 4.77% married and 5.64% had elementary education. The most common method of substance consumption was inhalation (2.40%). Heroin was the most frequent type of substance used (1/51%) The relationship between marital status and type of substance used, and age of onset of drug use was significant. The frequency of substance consumption was significantly different regarding the history of drug use in father, brother and spouses of patients in both sexes. Conclusion: Results of the current study showed that subjects at an early age (adolescence and early adulthood), individuals with low educational status, those with unstable jobs and low income, presence of addicted individuals among first-degree relatives can be the causes leading to addiction in the community.

Extended abstract1- Introduction The increasing growth of urban and rural development has caused some natural anomalies in the Earth's inhabitants. Mass movements, especially landslides, are one of the most damages of them that have had the increasing momentum together human manipulation in natural systems in recent decades. So that it is one of the principal geomorphic processes in the mountainous areas. Landslide phenomenon occurring in many parts of the world and Iran in the favorable conditions causes the destruction of vegetation, orchards, farmlands, and even human casualties. According to estimates, landslides have imposed much financial damages about 500 milliard Rials to Iran, annually. Burying of Abikar village of Charmahal-o-Bakhtiari Province in spring 1997 year is one of the clear samples of landslide human damage. Among these, the Lorestan Province is one of the most susceptible sites of landslide occurrence in Iran. The occurrence about 274 landslides in Lorestan Province, with extent 1400km2 equivalent %4.8 of its area confirm this claim. Since the exact predication of landslides occurrence isn’t possible by human sciences, thus, we can prevent from the damages of this phenomenon by identification of landslide susceptible areas and prioritizing them. Landslide hazard zonation maps can help the environmental designers and engineers to select a suitable place for development projects implementation. The results of these studies can be used as fundamental information by environmental managers and planners.The purposes of this study are the recognition of effective factors in landslide and the zonation of Khoram Abad City in terms of the occurrence of this phenomenon using the AHP model and GIS technique. Therefore, selection of criteria and standards, providing of factors raster layers, determining of relative and final weight of factors, overlaying of layers and preparing landslide hazard zonation map are the major objectives of this research to determine sensitive sites that have the maximum occurrence probability of landslide. 2- Methodology The studied area is Khoram Abad City, center of Lorestan province, which has been located in the 32o, 45َ to 34o North latitude and 47o, 30َ to 49o East longitude (Fig. 1).At first, study area was investigated and determined its extent using satellite images of Google Earth and 1:50000 topographic maps. Then, according to Geological, Geomorphologic, Hydrological, Climatic, Human and Environmental characteristics of study area and using comparative studies and results of other researchers, 5 criteria, 13 sub-criteria and 77 classes were identified to achieve the goals. The needed Layers of landslide hazard zonation were prepared using Arc GIS 9.3 software. These layers are elevation class, slope, aspect, distance from stream, stream density, distance from way, distance from fault, distance from settlement, lithology of Earth material, landuse, land unit, isohyets and isotherm maps (Fig. 2). Also, effecting factors were evaluated through AHP model, and their weights were determined. Finally, the landslide hazard zonation map of study area was presented using weight exertion of factors in their layers and integration of them by Arc GIS software. In the end, the presented model and zonation map were compared with observed landslide, and landslide index values and model accuracy were calculated. 3- DiscussionThe AHP is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions that was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1980 year. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions.First step in AHP is the decomposing of decision problem into a hierarchy of more easily comprehended sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently. Overall form of hierarchy can be as following: 1.Goal, criteria, sub-criteria, alternative. 2.Goal, criteria, factor, sub-factor, alternative.Present study has been used first structure for landslide hazards zonation of Khoram Abad City that its result include figure (3).Once the hierarchy is built, the various elements are evaluated by comparing them to one another two at a time, with respect to their impact on an element above them in the hierarchy. The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. These evaluations are converted to numerical values between 1 and 9 by Saaty (1980) that have been presented in table (1). The obtained result of weighting, comparative matrixes and relative weight calculation of factors affecting landslide hazard zonation in study area is presented in tables (2) to (6). In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are calculated for each of the alternatives. These numbers represent the alternatives' relative ability to achieve the goal, so they allow a straightforward consideration of the various courses of action. The obtained results of final weight calculation of priorities have been showed as equations (4) to (9).4- ConclusionOnce the significant of criteria matrix is confirm, final weight of factors is multiplied in their layers to prepare zonation map. For correct application of the obtained weights, and presentation of final model, Raster Calculator and Weighted Sum methods have been used respectively. Figure (4) is final result that shows landslide hazard zonation map in Khoram Abad City. Results of integration of landslide hazard zonation map with observed landslide map and calculation of landslide index have been showed in table (9). The values of mentioned index represent the ascending trend of this index from very low risk to very high risk zone. The ascending trend illustrates the accuracy of landslide hazard zonation model. The results of table (9) show that very low risk zone busies %16.8 of Khoram Abad City area, but is included %10.4 of landslide area. Furthermore, very high risk zone is included %6.17 of Khoram Abad City area and %7.9 of landslide area. 5. Discussion and Conclusion The landslide phenomenon is one of environmental hazards which occur in Khoram Abad City in most times. Therefore, creation of one regional strategy is very necessary to reduce its damages and maintains natural and human resources. Furthermore, landslide hazard zonation map can help research centers in environmental management and planning. In this study, GIS technique and AHP model have been used to achieve goals. The results showed that integration of GIS technique and AHP model is a mighty method for preparation of landslide hazard zonation map in study area. According to effective factors in landslide occurrence, the study area was zoned as various layers. Finally, landslide occurrence zones were recognized from very low risk to very high risk. The investigations showed the zones of very high and high risk are often coinciding with settlement sensitive areas. This represents the factors such as unsuitable site selection of the settlement centers and communication ways and the changing of landuse by humans in Khoram Abad City. Among the effective factors, sub-criteria of distance from way, distance from stream, stream density and distance from fault, respectively, with weights 0.2043, 0.1717, 0.1545 and 0.1076 have been identified as the most important factors in the development of landslide in study area. The role of other factors reduces according to their weights in landslide that has been showed in table (3). According to presented model and final zonation map, about 25.51 percent (1603.8 Km2) of the Khoram Abad City area have the occurrence of very high risk (%6.17 equal to 387.9 Km2) and the occurrence of high risk (%19.34 equal to 1215.9 Km2). The great extent is showing the landslide occurrence importance in the future that doubles the necessity of its management issues. The results obtaining accuracy evaluation of the model, illustrate ascending trend of the landslide index from very low risk to very high risk zone. Keywords: Landslide, Zonation, Khoram Abad, AHP Model, GIS technique. 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Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of drought and salinity stress, temperature, pH and planting depth on yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) germination and emergence. Base, optimum and ceiling germination temperatures were estimated as 0, 18.47 and 34.60 ºC, respectively. Seed germination was sensitive to drought stress and completely inhibited at a potential of -1 MPa, but it was tolerant to salinity. Salinity stress up to 90 mM had no effect over the M. officinalis seed germination, but the germination decreased by increasing the salt concentration. The drought and salinity required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were 207 mM and -0.49 MPa, respectively. High percentage of seed germination (>92%) was observed at pH = 5-6 and decreased to 80% at acidic medium (pH 4) and to 42% at alkaline medium (pH 9) pH. Maximum seedling emergence occurred when the seeds were placed at 2 cm depth and decreased when increasing the depth of planting; no seed emerged from depths of 10 cm.Experimentos de laboratório e de casa-de-vegetação foram conduzidos para determinar os efeitos dos estresses de seca, salinidade, temperatura, pH e a profundidade de plantio sobre a germinação e a emergência do trevo amarelo doce (Melilotus officinalis). Temperaturas base, ótima e teto para germinação de M. officinalis foram estimados em 0, 18 e 34 ºC, respectivamente. A germinação das sementes mostrou-se sensível ao estresse hídrico e foi totalmente inibida nos potenciais de -1 MPa. A germinação de M. officinalis foi tolerante à salinidade. Estresse salino até 90 mM não tiveram efeito sobre a germinação de sementes de M. officinalis, mas a germinação decresceu com o aumento da concentração de sal. A seca e a salinidade necessária para inibição de 50% de germinação máxima foi de 207 mm e -0,49 MPa, respectivamente. Alta porcentagem de germinação (>92%) foi observada em pH = 5-6 e desceu para 80% em condições ácidas (pH 4) e para 42% sob condições alcalinas (pH 9). Emergência máxima ocorreu quando as sementes foram posicionadas na profundidade de 2 cm e diminuiu com o aumento da profundidade de plantio. Nenhuma semente emergiu quando a profundidade de semeadura foi de 10 cm.

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Analytical methods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different samples need extraction of compounds, by applying hazardous solvents. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) is a solvent-free equilibrium extraction method, in which proper calibration can allow quantitative determinations of VOCs at a very good sensitivity without the use of any organic solvent. VOCs are generally present in urine only at trace levels, therefore, a sensitive procedure is needed for their trace determinations. Throughout this study, headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was followed by GC-FID for ethyl benzene in spiked urine was optimized.Methods: In this study, the parameters influencing SPME and gas chromatography of ethyl benzene, including extraction time, temperature, desorption temperature, desorption time, salt addition, sample pH, sample volume and sample agitation were investigated. Results: Extraction procedure was performed at 30°C for 6 min, using 0.2 gml-1 of NaCl in the sample solution. The sample volume and sample pH were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral pH), respectively. Desorption of the ethyl benzene was carried out for 60 sec. at 250°C. The method was also validated with three different spiked urine samples and illustrated an appropriate reproducibility over six consecutive days as well as six within-day experiments. During this investigation, parameters of accuracy, linearity, and detection limits of the procedure were also evaluated.Conclusion: The developed method of HS- SPME-GC-FID proved to be a simple, convenient, and practical procedure, and was successfully used for measuring of ethyl benzene in spiked urine.

Background: Multiple drug use is frequently considered to be hazardous for the elderly because of their greater vulnerability to the complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in Tehran and to assess the relative demographic characteristics of patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study 400 persons aging 55 years and older were interviewed in order to determine the presence of polypharmacy (daily intake of three or more drugs). The cases were randomly selected and asked to answer a questionnaire through interview at home. The questionnaire contained questions about all taking drugs, pattern of using each drug and also patients' personal, social and medical history. Chi-square and fisher exact tests and determination of odds ratios were used in order to data analysis. Results: Medium number of drugs used was 3.4 ± 1.9 in studied cases and %39.6 of cases were exposed to polypharmacy. The prevalence of physician prescribed drug usage was observed to be increased by increasing number of total used drugs in each case (P

Clinical and microbiological profile of 9 neonates with meningitis by Elizabethkingia meningosepticum identified by 16S ribosomal gene sequencing was studied. All the clinical isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, β-lactam combinations, carbapenems and only one isolate was susceptible to ciprofloxacin. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Six of nine neonates died even after using vancomycin, based on susceptibility results. E. meningosepticum meningitis in neonates results in high mortality rate. Though the organism is susceptible to vancomycin in vitro, its efficacy in vivo is questionable and it is difficult to determine the most appropriate antibiotic for treating E. meningosepticum meningitis in neonates.

A new system of nonlinear fuzzy variational inclusions involving (A,η)-accretive mappings in uniformly smooth Banach spaces is introduced and studied many fuzzy variational and variational inequality (inclusion) problems as special cases of this system. By using the resolvent operator technique associated with (A,η)-accretive operator due to Lan et al. and Nadler's fixed points theorem for set-valued mappings, an existence theorem of solutions for this system of fuzzy variational inclusions is proved. We also construct some new iterative algorithms for the solutions of this system of nonlinear fuzzy variational inclusions in uniformly smooth Banach spaces and discuss the convergence of the sequences generated by the algorithms in uniformly smooth Banach spaces. Our results extend, improve, and unify many known results in the recent literatures.

Tlte usual manifestation of acute promyelocyte leukemia is hemorrliagic tendency hut thrombotic manifestations may dominate the clinical picture. We report a patient with promyelocyte leukemia which presented as thrombotic cerebrovascular accident and responded to all-transretionic acid and chemotherapy.

Abstract The prevalence and mobility of smartphones make these a widely used tool for environmental health research. However, their potential for determining aggregated air quality index (AQI) based on PM2.5 concentration in specific locations remains largely unexplored in the existing literature. In this paper, we thoroughly examine the challenges associated with predicting location-specific PM2.5 concentration using images taken with smartphone cameras. The focus of our study is on Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, due to its significant air pollution levels and the large population exposed to it. Our research involves the development of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), which we train using over a thousand outdoor images taken and annotated. These photos are captured at various locations in Dhaka, and their labels are based on PM2.5 concentration data obtained from the local US consulate, calculated using the NowCast algorithm. Through supervised learning, our model establishes a correlation index during training, enhancing its ability to function as a Picture-based Predictor of PM2.5 Concentration (PPPC). This enables the algorithm to calculate an equivalent daily averaged AQI index from a smartphone image. Unlike, popular overly parameterized models, our model shows resource efficiency since it uses fewer parameters. Furthermore, test results indicate that our model outperforms popular models like ViT and INN, as well as popular CNN-based models such as VGG19, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2, in predicting location-specific PM2.5 concentration. Our dataset is the first publicly available collection that includes atmospheric images and corresponding PM2.5 measurements from Dhaka. Our codes and dataset are available at https://github.com/lepotatoguy/aqi .

Cloud-based Object Storage Systems (OSS) are known for their scalability, durability, availability, and concurrency. However, there is a noticable vaccum in open-source OSS for a straightforward way for users and administrators to conduct data searches within object storage without fully utilizing the cloud infrastructure. In our research, we present Sherlock, a novel Content-Based Searching (CoBS) framework. Sherlock enhances search capabilities by using extra information from images and documents, incorporating this information into an Elasticsearch-powered database to enable content-driven searches. The framework operates through a two-stage process. First, it classifies the incoming data by type, directing images to an object detection model and processing documents for keyword extraction. Then, Elasticsearch catalogs the extracted data, facilitating searches based on content. The effectiveness of our searches is largely dependent on the precision of these models, which we improve by training them on large-scale datasets: the Microsoft COCO Dataset for multimedia content and the SemEval2017 Dataset for text documents. We further test our system’s performance by integrating it with the open-source OSS, OpenStack Swift, and conducting real-world experiments with image uploads to evaluate how our model performs within Swift’s object storage environments.

This paper deals with fixed point theory and fixed point property in minimal spaces. We will prove that under some conditions f : (X,M) → (X,M) has a fixed point if and only if for each m-open cover {Bα} for X there is at least one x ∈ X such that both x and f(x) belong to a common Bα. Further, it is shown that if (X,M) has the fixed point property, then its minimal retract subset enjoys this property.

Tlte usual manifestation of acute promyelocyte leukemia is hemorrliagic tendency hut thrombotic manifestations may dominate the clinical picture. We report a patient with promyelocyte leukemia which presented as thrombotic cerebrovascular accident and responded to all-transretionic acid and chemotherapy.

Abstract The method of finding new petroleum deposits beneath the earth’s surface is always challenging for having low accuracy while simultaneously being highly expensive. As a remedy, this paper presents a novel way to predict the locations of petroleum deposits. Here, we focus on a region of the Middle East, Iraq to be specific, and conduct a detailed study on predicting locations of petroleum deposits there based on our proposed method. To do so, we develop a new method of predicting the location of a new petroleum deposit based on publicly available data sensed by an open satellite named Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Using GRACE data, we calculate the gravity gradient tensor of the earth over the region of Iraq and its surroundings. We use this calculated data to predict the locations of prospective petroleum deposits over the region of Iraq. In the process of our study for making the predictions, we leverage machine learning, graph-based analysis, and our newly-proposed OR-nAND method altogether. Our incremental improvement in the proposed methodologies enables us to predict 25 out of 26 existing petroleum deposits within the area under our study. Additionally, our method shows some prospective petroleum deposits that need to be explored physically in the future. It is worth mentioning that, as our study presents a generalized approach (demonstrated through investigating multiple datasets), we can apply it anywhere in the world beyond the area focused on in this study as an experimental case.

Salat, the most important worship of Muslims and the second pillar of Islam, is an integral part of the Muslim community. Being a complex activity, Salat involves a series of steady and transitional activities to be performed in a specific sequence. On top of that, Salat has variations based on time, priority, school of thought, etc., making activity recognition in Salat more challenging. Existing research studies related to recognizing individual activities in Salat either demand capturing images by a camera or carrying a smartphone (sometimes in inconvenient places) while praying. Both of the demands are not convenient or applicable in real cases. Besides, the existing studies lack user-independent accuracy analysis and fine-grained prediction. To address these gaps, in this study, we first assess the requirement and acceptability of technological solutions for activity recognition in Salat by conducting an exploratory study. Upon establishing the requirement, we propose an activity recognition methodology using a smartwatch to recognize different activities in Salat. We prepare a Salat activity dataset using a smartwatch and propose a new methodology using semantic rules and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) that achieves a near-perfect accuracy (99.3%) in recognizing activities in Salat. Besides, our proposed methodology offers fine-grained recognition of the individual activities in Salat and is robust enough to overlook the extra transitional activities a person performs while praying, which does not nullify Salat. Therefore, this research is expected to lead to a comprehensive solution for monitoring Salat.

Nowadays, extremely large amounts of structured and unstructured types of data are stored in public, private, and hybrid cloud storage using object storage systems. Among these, storing multimedia data such as image, video, and audio pose unique challenges and long-term effects on object storage Sustainability. Three such challenges are smoother and more efficient video streaming, middleware placement for media processing, and lastly, management of orphan garbage data. In order to tackle these challenges, this paper presents a generalized architecture for smooth and efficient management as well as retrieval of multimedia data in cloud systems. To do so, first, we propose a new middleware package in the object server for supporting smooth video streaming and on-demand playable video segments. Here, we demonstrate that video segment download time improves by up to 30% when segmentation is done in the object server rather than in the proxy server. After, we focus on how to find orphan garbage data on media cloud storage and to what extent they can hamper data retrieval. Specifically, we present a generalized architecture named ‘RemOrphan’ for detecting the orphan garbage data using OpenStack Swift hash Ring and scripts. We deploy a private media cloud SPMS and find that around 35% data can be orphan garbage data. Due to the huge amount of orphan data, rsync replication needs higher time and more network overhead which hampers the system’s sustainability. We lower around 25% sync delay and 30% network overhead after deploying a deletion daemon to remove the orphan garbage data.

Mass gatherings (such as Hajj/Umrah), owing to their immensity, often present a variety of difficulties to the attendees. To have a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties as well as their potential remedies, surveying a good number of attendees is unavoidable and this can be facilitated through engaging data collectors. A crucial part here is identifying the integrity of the data collectors, which is yet to be explored in the literature to the best of our knowledge. To address this gap, in this study, we first perform a mass-scale data collection over Hajj/Umrah pilgrims through online (n = 236) and in-person (n = 752) surveys, where we cover a substantial part (n = 712) through paid data collectors (n = 53). We critically investigate data collection activities of the data collectors through focused group discussions involving expert reviewers. We explore two computing techniques to unveil the integrity of the data collectors from two different perspectives. Our study finds out influential (religious and socio-geographical) aspects that impact the data collection process. Besides, we find that the collaborative participation of expert reviewers is obligatory to scrutinize the data collectors’ integrity. Additionally, our explored computing techniques, namely conflict analysis and learning-based analysis, can identify up to 74% and 99% of the unreliable data collectors respectively. We observe that, although these computing-based filtering can indicate the integrity up to a certain level, human-in-the-loop is unavoidable for concluding on the integrity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind (i.e., integrity analysis of the data collectors) in the literature.

Crowd management is a considerable challenge in many countries including Saudi Arabia, where millions of pilgrims from all over the world visit Mecca to perform the sacred act of Hajj. This holy ritual requires large crowds to perform the same activities during specific times, which makes crowd management both critical and difficult. Without proper crowd management and control, the occurrence of disasters such as stampedes, suffocation, and congestion becomes highly probable. At present, the internet of things (IoT) and its enabling technologies represent efficient solutions for managing and controlling crowd, minimizing casualties, and integrating different intelligent technologies. Moreover, IoT allows intensive interaction and heterogeneous communication among different devices over the internet, thereby generating big data. This paper proposes an intelligent IoT approach for crowd management with congestion avoidance in the Mina area, which is located in the holy city of Mecca. The approach implements a learning mechanism that classifies pilgrims based on the collected data and exploits the advantages of both IoT and cloud infrastructures to monitor crowds within a congested area, identify evacuation paths for pilgrims and guide the pilgrims to avoid congestion in real time. Moreover, the approach attempts to maximize crowd safety based on realistic scenarios by controlling and adapting pilgrim movements according to the characteristics of the possible hazards, pilgrim behavior, and environmental conditions. We evaluated our proposed approach by performing simulations based on real data sets and scenarios.

One of the most challenging problems during disasters involving crowds is pedestrian evacuation. It is very important in such situations to improve survival rates by getting all or most of the people out in the shortest possible time. Technological intervention through augmenting the evacuation process using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) exhibits great potential in improving survival rates, but the exploration of this method is still in its infancy. Therefore, this study explores the potential of utilizing UAVs for crowd management during emergency evacuations. We conducted a rigorous study, using a simulation model featuring four UAVs and differing numbers of pedestrians, with use of two UAV guidance approaches: partial guidance and full guidance. The experimental results suggest that exploiting UAVs in crowd evacuation and following the partial guidance approach can lead to a more efficient evacuation process.

The early success of wireless sensor networks has led to a new generation of increasingly sophisticated sensor network applications, such as HP's CeNSE. These applications demand high network throughput that easily exceeds the capability of the low-power 802.15.4 radios most commonly used in today's sensor nodes. To address this issue, this paper investigates an energy-efficient approach to supplementing an 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network with high bandwidth, high power, longer range radios, such as 802.11. Exploiting a key observation that the high-bandwidth radio achieves low energy consumption per bit of transmitted data due to its inherent transmission efficiency, we propose a hybrid network architecture that utilizes an optimal density of dual-radio (802.15.4 and 802.11) nodes to augment a sensor network having only 802.15.4 radios. We present a cross-layer mathematical model to calculate this optimal density, which strikes a delicate balance between the low energy consumption per transmitted bit of the high-bandwidth radio and low sleep power of the 802.15.4. Experimental results obtained using a wireless sensor network testbed reveal that our architecture improves the average energy per bit, time elapsed before the first node drains its battery, time elapsed before half of the nodes drain their batteries, and end-to-end delay by significant margins compared with a network having only 802.15.4.