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In this paper steganalysis technique is proposed on the basis of spectral domain analysis using Discrete Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm (DFT_FFTA). The aim from using this algorithm is to provide robust evidence for presence of hidden object in speech segment. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to decompose the speech segment, 20 seconds in length. The speech is decomposed to the third level. An image of 512x512 pixels embedded in the third level of the speech coefficients. Reverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) is applied to get a speech with hidden object (image) called stego-speech. DFT_FFTA is used to analyze the stego-speech to discover an evidence of hidden object in the stegospeech .Experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm is comparable to previously existing techniques and give very clear and strong indication for the existence of stego-object

In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and selenium on the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Razi University. In this experiment, the first factor included different levels of nitrogen including 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 and the second factor was selenium foliar spraying at three levels of 0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 of sodium selenate. Nitrogen, selenium and the interaction between two factors had a significant effect on the biological and economic yield of garlic. The interaction between nitrogen and selenium increased the harvest index of garlic. According to the obtained results, increasing the amount of nitrogen and selenium increased the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The use of 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with 10 mg L-1 of sodium selenate has caused garlic to have the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency in addition to its high ability to absorb nitrogen and produce maximum yield.

Purpose: This research has investigated the effect of different levels of nitrogen and selenium on some growth and physiological characteristics of garlic leaves. Research method: This research was done as a factorial in the form of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications. The first factor included four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and the second factor included three levels of selenium (0, 5, and 10 mgL-1). Findings: In all four nitrogen levels, with increasing selenium concentration, plant height (69.66 cm), fresh weight (10.66 g m2), and dry weight (51.33 g m2) of leaf increased. The highest amount of photosynthetic pigments was observed in the treatment of 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with 10 mg L-1 of sodium selenate. Nitrogen and selenium increased antioxidant capacity (45.69 μmol g-1FW), total phenol (295.60 mg 100 g-1FW) and ascorbic acid (18.30 mg 100 g-1FW). Contrary to selenium, nitrogen increased the amount of allicin in garlic leaf, and the highest amount of allicin (0.33 mgmL-1) was in the treatment of 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with 0 mgL-1 of sodium selenate. The maximum plant height and wet and dry weight of the leaf were observed in the treatments of selenium and nitrogen, which shows the positive effect of both elements on increasing the amount of chlorophyll synthesis and, as a result increasing the amount of photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which ultimately will have, increasing the growth rate of garlic plant. Research limitations: None were found to report. Originality/Value: As a result, the treatment of 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with 10 mgL-1 of sodium selenate is recommended to increase the antioxidant compounds of garlic leaf, which is a good source of these compounds and selenium in early spring, which also plays an essential role in human health.

The first-order phase transition and associated magnetocaloric properties of Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni0.95Cr0.05Si0.95Al0.05 have been studied by x-ray diffraction and dc magnetization measurements. The diffraction data for the sample showed that both the orthorhombic and hexagonal crystalline phases coexisted at room temperature. The temperature dependence of magnetization was measured at a constant field of 0.2 T. The first-order phase transition was observed at 325 K during heating and at 306 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 19 K. For magnetic field change of 5 T, the entropy changes evaluated from the isothermal magnetization data peaked at 322 K during warming and at 313 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 9 K. This difference in the magnitude of the thermomagnetic hysteresis was attributed to the virgin effect due to stress and crack formation during the first cooling from hexagonal to orthorhombic phase. Peak entropy changes of −16 J kg−1 K−1 and −42 J kg−1 K−1 were observed on heating for field changes of 2 and 5 T, respectively. The related refrigeration capacities were 74 J/kg (2 T) and 194 J/kg (5 T).

The steel-constructed buildings in Indonesia are on the rise, indicating a growing preference for their durability and versatility in construction projects. This led to the general application of Round Hollow Structural Section (Round HSS) as column and beam elements. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct parametric analysis of the effect of Diameter-to-Thickness Ratio (D t-1) on the three-point and four-point flexural analysis of Round HSS beam using MSC Marc/Mentat software. Nonlinear materials and geometries were employed, along with the application of contact analysis, with contacted and contacting bodies. Moreover, the load and boundary condition were set to be similar to the experiment. The results showed that a greater D t-1 led to the possibility of withholding a smaller load and causing smaller displacement in Group A with fixed diameter and different thickness values. Meanwhile, in Group B with fixed thickness but different diameters, a greater D t-1 led to the potential of restraining more load and experiencing smaller displacement. All specimens from both groups were observed to have failed due to a combination of global and local buckling at the right location under the load applied. AISC bending moment calculated was found to be greater than the values obtained from the finite element analysis for all sections under three-point loads. It was also discovered in the four-point flexural analysis that the bending moment of noncompact section was greater than for AISC while those for the compact section were lower. Furthermore, shear strength (Vn) calculated was observed to be greater than shear force from finite element analysis (Pmax/2).

التناص هو أحد أدوات التعبير الأدبي المعاصر التي اتجهت إليها الدراسات النقدية الحديثة. وقد اهتم به علماء الأدب في مختلف الفنون الأدبية واحتفلوا به كنوع من تقاطع النصوص الذي يضفي على النص ثراءً ويساهم في إبعاده عن حدود الصراحة والبلاغة. ومن هذا المنطلق، تروم هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مدى إسهام التناص القرآني في منح الجمالية للخطاب الروائي الجزائري المعاصر، وتتخذ من رواية "ريح يوسف" لعلاوة كوسة نموذجا على ذلك. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لعرض ماهية التناص عموما، وتجليات التناص القرآني خصوصا في هذا المتن الحكائي، لتخلص إلى أن سير الرواية على نهج قصة يوسف ـ عليه السلامـ. وتوظيف هذه التقنية اللغوية، ما هو إلا انعكاس لتشبع روح الأديب بمعاني هذه القصة، وقيمها النفسية والاجتماعية والفكرية والفنية، مما جعله يُكثر من الاقتباس والتضمين من النص القرآني مفرداتٍ وتراكيبَ وقصصًا.

يتناول هذا البحث توظيف القصّة القرآنيّة في شعر محمود درويش ويتّخذ من قصّة سيّدنا يوسف عليه السلام نموذجًا لذلك؛ لبيان أثرها في شعره ومدى انعكاس الأسلوب القرآني فيه، ومن ثم بيان الدّلالة التي يهدف الشّاعر إلى إيصالها للقارئ من خلالها، لذلك تمثّلت إشكالات هذا البحث في: كيف تشكّلت المناحي الجمالية النّاتجة عن حضور القصّ القرآني في الشّعر المعاصر؟ وما أبعاد هذا الحضور؟ وإلى أيّ مدى أسهم الرّمز القرآني في كثافة المعنى في الشعر المعاصر؟ ويعد المنهج التأويلي الأفضل في هذه الدراسة؛ وذلك لتناسبه مع طبيعة البحث. لقد تأثّر الشعر الفلسطيني بالمرجعيّة القرآنية لأسباب عدّة منها: أولا أنّه يُعدّ مصدرًا أدبيًّا مفعما بأفانين البلاغة التي تزيد قداسته إثراء للنّسق الشّعري. ثانيا: أنّه صورة تُشخّص الأحداث المُتضمّنة للقصص القرآني؛ إذ تتجلّى فيها حقيقة النّفس البشريّة بكلّ تفاصيلها، ثالثًا: وبوصفه ذاكرة وهويّة، يجدر التمسك بها واحتضانها في مقابل الهجمة الصهيونية الشرسة، التي تبغي تجريد الإنسان العربي المسلم من دينه وتاريخه وتراثه. للأسباب المتقدّمة نجد أنّ معظم الشعراء الفلسطينيّين اعتمدوا في توظيفهم للإشارات المـُستوحاة من القرآن الكريم على ظاهرتين أساسيّتين: الأولى تتمثّل في محاكاة لغة ومضامين القرآن الكريم حتّى يصبح النّتاج الشّعري بموجبها ذا عمق دلاليّ، يرسم أبعاد الإنسان وعلاقاته المتعدّدة سواء مع ربّه أو مع بني جنسه، مقتفيا بذلك تعاليم الشّرائع السّماويّة، القائمة على أسس الخير والحرية، والثّاني: توظيف الإشارات الدينيّة. وقد ارتبط الشعر الفلسطيني بالقرآن الكريم ارتباطًا لا يمكن إغفاله؛ لأن قضيّة احتلال فلسطين في أساسها قضيّة دينيّة أكثر من كونها قضيّة سياسية، لذلك مزج الشعراء في أشعارهم البعد السّياسي بالبعد الديني، وانعكس ذلك جليًّا في شعرهم لاسيما في شعر محمود درويش الذي یُعدّ من شعراء الحداثة البارزین، فهو أثرى نصّه الشعريّ بأنساق أسلوبیّة ولغویّة لافتة ومتميّزة، ممّا جعله يحظى باهتمام كبیر على الصعیدیْنِ الأدبي والنّقدي؛ نظرا لغنى تجربته الشّعریّة وعمق تأثیرها فنیًّا ووجدانیًّا ووطنیًّا وقومیًّا وإنسانیًّا، إضافة إلى قدرته على الابتكار والإتیان بكل جدید یتلاءم مع فكره وقضیّته وفنّه. ومن ابتكاراته الشعرية قدرته على توظيف قصّة يوسف عليه السلام في خدمة القضية الفلسطينية والتعريف بها، وتعد قصة يوسف عليه السلام إحدى أهم القصص الذي ورد ذكرها كاملةً في سورة واحدة في القرآن الكريم، وتناولت أهمّ المفاصل في حياة النبي يوسف عليه السلام، والتحوّلات التي مرّ بها، وأنواع المحن والابتلاءات التي لقيها، وأسلوبه في مواجهتها. لذلك يتناول هذا البحث توظيف القصّة القرآنيّة في شعر محمود درويش، ويتّخذ من قصة سيّدنا يوسف عليه السلام نموذجا؛ لبيان أثر القصّة القرآنية في شعر محمود درويش ومدى انعكاس الأسلوب القرآني على شعره، ومن ثم بيان الدلالة التي يهدف الشاعر إلى إيصالها للقارئ من خلال سورة يوسف. وجاءت خطة البحث في مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة تضمّنت أظهر النتائج التي خلص إليها البحث، وقائمة بالمصادر والمراجع. وتبيَّن من خلال الدراسة أنَّ الشّاعر محمود درويش استطاع عبر توظيفه للقصّة القرآنية في الشّعر الحديث أن يضيف أبعادا جماليّة عكس فيها المآسي والأحزان التي تعتري حياة الإنسان بصورة عامة، وحياة الشعب الفلسطيني بصورة خاصة. كما أنّه تمكّن من المزاوجة بين التراث متمثّلا في قصّة النّبي يوسف عليه السلام في القرآن الكريم والحاضر متمثلا في معطيات العصر بكل صراعاته، ويقدّم صورا شعرية متناسقة أعطت المتلقي أبعادا واسعة وفتحت له المجال للتأويل، كما ظهر أنَّ توظيف صورة -النّبيّ يوسف- أكسب النّص الشّعري بعدا جماليا أغنى التجربة، واستفز القارئ لقراءة خفايا المتن الشّعري. وتجسِّدُ "الرّؤيا" في شعر درويش الحلم الفلسطيني، الذي يتمثّل في البحث عن المستقبل الآمن، والإيمان بحتمية العودة والسيادة، فقد وجد "درويش" في ذلك مسرى لحلمه، وقد تكرّرت لفظتا الحلم والرؤيا عنده في مواضع كثيرة سواء أكان ذلك التكرار عفويًّا، يعكس الحاضر بصورته الأوليّة أم مقصودًا بذاته، يسمو بالحاضر بالتركيز على الماضي، والتوجّه نحو المستقبل.

Introduction: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) a member of the Amaranthaceae family is a dicotyledon pseudocereal. Quinoa is a plant that is very resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and shows high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Quinoa seeds have a higher nutritional value than many cereal grains and contain higher quality protein and large amounts of carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals, which are used both in human food and for feeding animals. The high adaptability of this product to different weather conditions has increased the yield of its various types in countries outside of South America. The existence of nutritious compounds in quinoa seeds, including the combination of amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, has led to more research on the properties of this plant.Materials and methods: The field experiment was conducted to study the relationship between agronomic traits (including plant height, panicle length, number of seeds per plant, plant yield, thousand seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index) and mineral elements of quinoa seeds (including Zn, Fe, Mn, Na, Ca, K, and P). The experiment was conducted in the 2018-2019 growing season at the faculty of agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah with a randomized complete blocks design as a split-plot factorial with three replications. The experimental treatments included three planting dates (March 15, April 15, and May 15) as the main factor and the combination of planting densities (40 and 60 plants/m2) with genotypes (Q29, Titicaca, and Red Carina) as subplot factor.Results: The results of the experiment showed that the seed yield (2297.5 kg/ha) on the sowing date of April was significantly higher than March and May (1484.5 and 2137.7 kg/ha) sowing dates, respectively. The effect of the studied treatments on the mineral elements of quinoa seed was insignificant. The mean comparison for plant density showed that the density of 60 plants/m2 had a higher seed yield than the density of 40 plants/m2. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that Wilk's lambda statistic was significant at a 5% probability level in the case of the first function, indicating the existence of a significant correlation between the two groups of the studied traits.Conclusion: The results of this evaluation showed that zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) had the highest correlation with the corresponding focal function among the mineral elements. Among the agronomical traits, the highest correlation was between the traits of 1000 seed weight and panicle length with the first focal function. Therefore, the plants with higher values of 1000 seeds weight and panicle length, can be used to select seeds with higher amounts of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P).

The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (AEGISD-IV 2024) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2024. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.

Bu araştırma, Râşit halifeler Hz. Ebubekir (öl. 13/634), Hz. Ömer (öl. 23/644), Hz. Osman (öl. 35/656) ve Hz. Ali’nin (öl. 40/661) tevki‘ örneklerindeki delalet ve metinsel bağlamları, bununla birlikte söz konusu tevkî’lerin genel bağlamlarını incelemekte ve bu tevki‘ örneklerini otorite, fesahat (belagat) ve adalet vasıflarına sahip olan göndericileriyle ilişkilendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu tevki‘ metinlerinin alıcı tarafından metne herhangi bir ekleme veya metinden herhangi bir azaltma yapılmaksızın tam bir zarafet içerisinde; farkındalık, önsezi ve sorumlulukla ele alınması gerekmektedir. Araştırma, tevki‘in üretim sahasını ele almakta ve bununla birlikte bu metinlerin içerdiği tefsir ve istişhatlar yönünden ifade şekillerini incelemektedir. Bu özelliklerinin yanı sıra araştırma, ifadelerini dile dökmek ve içerdiği belagat vecihleri ile metinsel farklılıklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla belirli bir risaleyi ifade eden tevki‘ metinlerine başvurmuştur. Araştırma neticesinde Râşit halifelerin tevki‘ metinlerini, söz konusu metinlerin bağlamları ve üretim sahalarıyla uyumlu olacak şekilde; bilgelik, ikna, îcâz, telkin, yoğunlaşma, açık fikirlilik ve kapalılıktan kaçınma gibi vasıflarla ve bir hedefe uygun olarak kaleme aldıkları görülmüştür. Araştırma neticesinde tevkî’lerin manaya odaklanma ve yoğunlaşma şeklinde bir kalıp etrafında dönen, süzülmüş güzel lafızlara ve lafzın açıklığı ve mananın edebî yönünü cem eden üretken ve canlı bir dil meydana getirme noktasında ilham kaynağı niteliğindeki kelimelere dayanan ve böylece mesel konumuna giren faydalı cümleler olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Halifeler tevkî‘ metinlerini, söz konusu metinlerin bağlamları ve üretim sahalarıyla uyumlu olacak şekilde; bilgelik, ikna, îcâz, telkin, yoğunlaşma, açık fikirlilik ve kapalılıktan kaçınmayla birlikte bir hedefe uygun olarak oluşturdukları görülmüştür. Bu şekilde de onlar, birçok siyasi ve toplumsal meseleyi çözme noktasında bu tevkîleri belli bir hedef doğrultusunda kullanmışlardır.

Coffee is a national strategic commodity that contributes to Indonesia’s foreign exchange, but its productivity remains low due to cultivation on low potential land. This study aimed to determine the land suitability of endemic liberica coffee using two different methods and formulate recommendations for land management in Pinogu Plateau. Thirteen land units were surveyed, and soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to identify the land characteristics. Land suitability classes (LSCs) were compared by limiting factor and parametric methods. Analysis using the limiting factor method showed that the actual LSCs for liberica coffee consisted of moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) classes. Efforts for improvement could increase the potential of LSC to became very suitable (S1) and S2 classes. Meanwhile, the assessment with the parametric method indicated that the LSC consisted of S1, S2, and S3 classes. These results revealed that the parametric method provides more realistic land characteristics than the limiting factor method. Land management II or the land that had a little limiting factor turned out to be more dominant with the recommendation of adding P and organic fertilizer.

Owing to the relative abundance of its constituent elements and large magnetocaloric properties observed near room temperature, the AlFe2B2 system has attracted much attention recently. Here, we have studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Al0.85+xSi0.15Fe2B2 (x = 0.2, 0.4) prepared by drop-casting followed by annealing and acid treatment. The second order ferromagnetic phase transitions were observed near room temperature (∼298–305 K) and peak magnetic entropy changes (−ΔSM) of more than −6 J kg−1 K−1 were observed for a field change of 5 T. The results are discussed in terms of the impurity phases formed in the compounds due to excess aluminum.

We have synthesized a series of Co-doped Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni1−xCoxSi0.94Al0.06 (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) alloys by arc melting followed by a rapidly quenched vacuum suction casting technique and studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system. All measurements were performed on the as-cast and annealed samples. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples exhibited a hexagonal phase at room temperature. Magnetization data showed that the annealed samples exhibited significantly larger transition temperatures than the as-cast samples. All samples showed the first-order phase transition with a thermomagnetic hysteresis of more than 20 K. The phase transitions were accompanied by isothermal entropy changes of as large as −16.4 J kg−1 K−1 and −42.4 J kg−1 K−1 for field changes of 20 and 50 kOe, respectively. Large refrigeration capacities and temperature averaged entropy changes of up to 201 J/kg and 34.05 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, were observed for a field change of 50 kOe.

Beton memadat sendiri mempunyai sifat dapat mengalir sendiri, kental dan kompak sehingga meminimalkan pemadatan secara mekanis. Beton ini sangat cocok untuk mengatasi penempatan beton pada daerah yang sempit dan banyak tulangannya. Analisis nonlinier elemen hingga tiga dimensi balok beton memadat sendiri mutu tinggi dan normal beton mutu tinggi dengan pemadatan mekanis dilakukan dengan software MSC Marc/Mentat. Baja dimodelkan dengan tertanam di beton. Kriteria kegagalan Linier Mohr-Coulomb digunakan untuk beton dan Von Mises untuk baja tulangan. Beton dan tumpuan baja dimodelkan dengan elemen solid berbentuk kubus sisinya 25 mm. Baja tulangan diidealisasikan sebagai elemen truss. Kontak analisis dilakukan antara balok dengan pelat beban dan juga pelat tumpuan. Hasil kurva beban lendutan untuk kedua beton hampir sama dengan hasil kurva eksperimen. Hasil analisis kontak juga memperlihatkan terjadi kontak dan perlepasan pada bidang kontak baja tumpuan beban dan tumpuan balok dengan beton. Hasil parameter studi berupa faktor retensi geser memperlihatkan bahwa nilai faktor ini mendekati 1 maka balok akan lebih besar menahan beban, hal ini dikarenakan terjadi penguncian tegangan pada bal ok. Hasil studi mengenai rasio tulangan juga menunjukkan pengurangan 70% dan penambahan 70% apabila menggunakan tulangan minium dan maksimum, berturut-turut. Selimut beton yang semakin besar juga mengurangi beban yang dapat ditahan oleh balok.

Abstrak Indonesia merupakan negara yang rentan terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Banyak rumah atau gedung di Indonesia dibangun dengan menggunakan material beton bertulang. Kerusakan geser pada elemen beton bertulang tersebut sangat berbahaya, hal ini dikarenakan kerusakan ini terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan biasanya terjadi secara eksplosif. Analisis nonlinier elemen hingga tiga dimensi balok beton memadat mandiri dan beton mutu tinggi dengan pemadatan mekanis dilakukan dengan software MSC Marc/Mentat. Baja dimodelkan dengan tertanam di beton. Kriteria kegagalan Linier Mohr-Coulomb digunakan untuk beton dan Von Mises untuk baja tulangan. Hasil kurva hubungan beban-lendutan untuk kedua balok beton memadat mandiri dan beton mutu tinggi pemadatan mekanis hampir sama dengan hasil kurva eksperimen di daerah elastic, namun setelah melewati fase elastik, kurva analisis berbeda sedikit dengan kurva eksperimen. Hasil analisis teoritis kekuatan beton hampir sama dengan hasil analisis elemen hingga balok beton tanpa tulangan. Hasil analisis kontak juga memperlihatkan terjadi kontak dan perlepasan pada bidang kontak baja tumpuan beban dan tumpuan balok dengan beton. Kata kunci: beton memadat mandiri, mutu tinggi, elemen hingga, MSC Marc/Mentat Abstract Indonesia is a country that is prone to earthquakes. Many houses or buildings in Indonesia are built using reinforced concrete material. Shear damage to reinforced concrete elements is very dangerous, because this damage occurs suddenly and usually occurs explosively. The nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis of self-compacting concrete beam and high strength concrete beam by mechanical compaction were carried out using the MSC Marc/Mentat software. Steel is modeled by being embedded in concrete. The Mohr-Coulomb Linear failure criterion is used for concrete and Von Mises for reinforcing steel. The results of the load- deflection curves for both self-compacting and mechanical compaction high-strength concrete beams are almost the same as those of the experimental curves in the elastic area, after elasticity, the analysis curve differs slightly from the experimental curve. The results of the theoretical analysis of the strength of the concrete are almost the same as the results of the analysis of the finite element concrete beams without reinforcement. The results of the contact analysis also showed that there was contact and detachment in the contact area of the load bearing steel and the beam support with the concrete. Keywords: self-compacting concrete, high strength, finite element, MSC Marc/Mentat

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is one of the engineered wood products consisting of wood veneers that are glued and pressed together. In this study, the behavior of LVL Sengon slender beam is numerically investigated by means of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA), where only half of the experimental beam was modeled due to symmetry of the load configuration. The LVL Sengon wood material used Hill failure criterion with isotropic hardening rules, and its mechanical properties in both tension and compression are modelled according to its mechanical properties in tension obtained from the clear specimen test. The contact analysis is defined for each contacting and contacted elements. The FEA results well agreed with the experimental results in term of the load-deflection curve and failure mode of the beam. It is found that the lateral support has no effect on the stiffness of the beam. The beam stiffness and ultimate load increase by the increase of beam height-to-width ratio (𝑑/𝑏).

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to monitor the concept of ‘leaving no one behind’ in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to track the implications of the mobilization of health care resources by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) of Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to monitor ‘leaving no one behind’ in NHIF by analyzing the secondary data of the information system for the year 2016. The study categorized the catchment areas of health care centers (HCCS) according to district administrative divisions, which are neighborhood, subdistrict, district, and zero. The District Division Administrative Disaggregation Data (DDADD) framework was developed and investigated with the use of descriptive statistics, maps of Sudan, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and health equity catchment indicators. SPSS ver. 18 and EndNote X8 were also used. Results The findings show that the NHIF has mobilized HCCs according to coverage of the insured population. This mobilization protected the insured poor in high-coverage insured population districts and left those living in very low-coverage districts behind. The Mann-Whitney test presented a significant median difference in the utilization rate between catchment areas (P value

We present an experimental study on the crystalline, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni deficient (Mn-rich) (Mn0.525Fe0.5)Ni0.975Si0.95Al0.05. The study has been performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dc magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the sample primarily exhibited the orthorhombic structure at room temperature. The coupled structural and ferromagnetic transition occurred at ∼338 K, which is significantly larger than ∼320 K observed in (Mn0.50Fe0.5)NiSi0.95Al0.05. Maximum magnetic entropy changes of ΔSM = −9.5 and 25 J kg−1K−1 for ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have been observed in the material. Large refrigeration capacities of 60 J/kg and 160 J/kg for field changes of ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have also been observed.

We have studied the magneto-transport properties of a series of ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds. For all Cu concentration (x ≤ 0.5) the samples exhibited the L21 cubic structure at room temperature and demonstrated superconductivity below 2 K. A superconducting phase transition temperature of as low as ∼1 K and a critical magnetic field of 1.78 T was observed in the system. A linear extrapolation of TC to T = 0 highly indicated that a stoichiometry-dependent superconducting quantum phase transition may occur in ZrNi2-xCuxGa at xc = 0.90.

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in Indonesia due to its workability, easiness, and reasonable price. Meanwhile, it is very important to understand the response of these elements during the loading process to ensure the development of an effective structure and one of the most effective numerical methods for reinforced concrete elements is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam using a nonlinear finite element analysis through the application of the MSC MARC/MENTAT software program. This involved the use of a solid element to represent concrete while the truss bar was applied for reinforcing steel after which multi-linear and bilinear models were considered for the two elements respectively while embedded reinforcement model was applied to model the rebar. Moreover, the beam model was also studied and compared with experimental data from previous literature. The result showed the load-deflection to have significantly increased due to an increment in the steel reinforcement yield strength. The same was also observed for the concrete compressive strength while a decrease was recorded in deflection due to the reduction in the compressive strength because the strain was reaching the crushing value. Furthermore, the concrete tension model was found to be the same with the experimental results with the tensile strength observed to have lost its strength after reaching the tensile stress while the contact behavior of the modeled reinforced concrete beam showed the existence of a slip at the support and loading points.

Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FEA) is developed to predict the experimental behaviour of concrete filled square steel tubular member. The FEA is conducted to determine moment carrying capacity at ultimate load for simple beam. The concrete-steel interface model is the important parameter affecting the result of FEA simulation. Based on the experimentalresult, there is a local buckling near the loading contact point. To investigate the local buckling phenomenon, concrete-steel interface model is studied by using contact analysis between concrete and steel elements, by using rigid bar element (rbe2 element) and by using interface elements. The geometrical non-linearity, material non-linearity, loading, boundary conditions is the same for all analysis models. To account for all of these properties, FEA model by means MSC Marc Mentat software is developed. The proposed model can predict the ultimate strength with difference only 5-30%. The collapse modes by FEA model are also compared. Based on the numerical analysis, it can be seen that the local buckling is clearly shown in the FEA model with the concrete and steel interface by using interface elements.

Wear debris in lubrication oil provides important information for marine engine condition monitoring and faults diagnosis. Inductive sensors have been widely used to detect wear debris in lubrication oil. To improve the sensitivity, the inductive coil is always connected with a capacitor in parallel to form parallel LC resonance-sensing circuit. A previous study optimized the parallel resonance circuit by adjusting the excitation frequency. However, multiple parameters (namely, excitation signal, signal detection circuits, and signal-processing program, etc.) need to be adjusted accordingly for a series of the testing frequencies. To simplify the optimization, we propose a method based on adjusting the parallel capacitance in this work. The impedance (inductance and internal resistance) of the sensing coil and its variation induced by particles are first measured, which are the necessary parameters for establishing the function relationship between the parallel capacitance and the relative impedance variation. With the function relationship, the relative impedance variation is calculated directly, and the optimal capacitance is located at the highest absolute value of it. The experimental results for the ferrous and nonferrous particles match the calculation results well. Interestingly, the optimal capacitance for the nonferrous particle was larger than that of the ferrous particle. We speculate that the difference is generated due to the increased resistance induced by the eddy current effect.

Abstract. Concrete beams are parts of a structure that serves as a channeling moment to the column structure. The structure of the beam which has undergone yielding reinforcement must be repaired. One of the beam repairs that can be done is by providing reinforcement using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. The reinforcement structure modeling and analysis were carried out using the Abaqus software. There are two types of modeling, those were laboratory test beam modeled with Abaqus (BPA) and reinforced beam using CFRP (BPC). The beam structure analysis using Abaqus software showed that BPA beam experiences a first crack when the load is 5311.96 lbs with a 0.08 inch displacement, while the BPC-2 beam is first cracked at a load of 5019.93 lbs with a 0.10 inch displacement. The BPA beam experiences an ultimate when the load was 12620.84 lbs with a 0.64-inch displacement, while the BPC-2 beam experiences ultimate when the load was 12403.48 lbs with a displacement of 0.60 inch. The type of crack pattern in both beam models is the type of bending crack.

Objective (s): The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training of Iranian traditional medicine principles on health workerschr('39') lifestyle in Kashan, Iran. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study on a sample of 54 health workers. The educational intervention was performed through 5 weeks and 25 educational hours during which, principles of health maintenance (weather, exercise and resting, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials, psychological health) were taught to health workers. Data collection was conducted before and three months following the educational intervention. Results: According to the statistical analysis significant improvement was observed in five principles (weather, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials and psychological health). Conclusion: The findings indicated that training Iranian traditional medicine principles for maintaining health could improve the lifestyle of health workers.

Increasing attention is being paid to use of organic fertilizers such as manure and vermicompost which can increased yield and protect the environment. Replacing chemical fertilizers with manures has the benefit of low production cost and imparts beneficial effects on soil. Then an experiment was conducted during 2013 to measure effects of organic fertilizers on essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Use of organic fertilizers beneficially affected seed yield, percent of essential oil, and essential oil yield. Essential oil percent was highest due to treatment with compost tea applied to the soil compared to foliar application. The combination of 20 t∙ha-1 of manure and 7 t∙ha-1of vermicompost, without compost tea,producedthe maximum essential oil yield (23.85 kg∙ha-1). The GC-MS analysis of dill essential oil indicated 94% of essential oil compounds were made up of: carvone, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, dillapiole and trans-dihydrocarvone. The maximum value of carvone (73.58%) was obtained by application of 20 t∙ha-1 of manure and 15 t∙ha-1of vermicompost and compost tea in form of soil application.

Although the Iranian Civil Code has allocated a considerable part to the “property” and its related issues, the nature, concept, and criterion for knowing it has not been expressed yet. A parallel condition exists in French Civil Code which has been the inspiration of the Iranian Civil Code writers. Western Law has undergone significant changes, specifically in the recent centuries which is worthy of being studied. There is much controversy in Islamic Law (Fiqh) in this area. This article initially tries to study the concept and elements of the “property” and explain the criterion for knowing it in both Islamic and Western Law. And we will prove that the property is a concept of created by law and a “haghighat e orfie, not the law, and the diagnosis criterion is also personal.

Abstract Background Portal use has been studied among outpatients, but its utility and impact on inpatients is unclear. This study describes portal adoption and use among hospitalized cancer patients and investigates associations with selected safety, utilization, and satisfaction measures. Methods A retrospective review of 4594 adult hospitalized cancer patients was conducted between 2012 and 2014 at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, comparing portal adopters, who registered for a portal account prior to hospitalization, with nonadopters. Adopters were classified by their portal activity during hospitalization as active or inactive inpatient users. Univariate and several logistic and linear regression models were used for analysis. Results Of total patients, 2352 (51.2%) were portal adopters, and of them, 632 (26.8%) were active inpatient users. Portal adoption was associated with patients who were young, female, married, with higher income, and had more frequent hospitalizations (P .05). Conclusions Over half of our cancer inpatients adopted a portal prior to hospitalization, with increased adoption associated with predisposing and enabling determinants (eg: age, sex, marital status, income), and increased inpatient use associated with need (eg: nonlocal residence and disease severity). Additional research and greater effort to expand the portal functionality is needed to impact inpatient outcomes.

Abstract Background In 2015, YMCA afterschool programs (ASPs) across South Carolina, USA pledged to achieve the YMCA physical activity standard calling for all children to accumulate 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while attending their ASPs. This study presents the final two-year outcomes from the dissemination and implementation efforts associated with achieving this MVPA standard. Methods Twenty ASPs were sampled from all South Carolina YMCA-operated ASPs (N = 97) and visited at baseline (2015) and first (2016) and second year (2017) follow-up. All ASPs were provided training to increase MVPA during the program by extending the scheduled time for activity opportunities and modifying commonly played games to increase MVPA. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the statewide intervention. Accelerometer-derived MVPA was the primary outcome. Intent-to-treat (ITT) models were conducted summer 2017. Programs were also classified, based on changes in MVPA from 2015 to 2016 and 2016–2017, into one of three categories: gain, maintain, or lost. Implementation, within the three groups, was evaluated via direct observation and document review. Results Adoption during the first year was 45% of staff attending training, with this increasing to 67% of staff during the second year. ITT models indicated no increase in the odds of accumulating 30 min of MVPA after the first year for either boys (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95CI 0.86–1.31) or girls (OR 1.14, 95CI 0.87–1.50), whereas an increase in the odds was observed during the second year for boys (OR 1.31, 95CI 1.04–1.64) and girls (OR 1.50 95CI 1.01–1.80). Programs that lost MVPA (avg. − 5 to − 7.5 min/d MVPA) elected to modify their program in a greater number of non-supportive ways (e.g., reduce time for activity opportunities, less time spent outdoors), whereas ASPs that gained MVPA (avg. + 5.5 to + 10.1 min MVPA) elected to modify their program in more supportive ways. Conclusions The statewide study demonstrated minimal improvements in overall MVPA. However, child MVPA was dramatically influenced by ASPs who elected to modify their daily program in more supportive than non-supportive ways, with no one program modifying their program consistently across the multi-year initiative. These findings have important implications for organizations seeking to achieve the MVPA standard. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02394717.

Introduction: Since past decades by transmission from first and second psychotherapy waves, specialists and psychotherapists are taken special consideration into psychotherapy effectiveness. This research aimed to evaluate psychotherapy approaches of Iranian psychiatrists and psychologists (2014 to 2016). Materials and Methods: Sample consists of 300 psychiatrist, and psychologist with Ph.D. and master degree. Data gathering carried on by paper and pencil questionnaire in Shiraz and Tehran cities and also by web base questionnaire in all cities of Iran. Researcher made questionnaire consisted of demographic questions such as gender, age, history of work and faculty member and etc. Questionnaire also contains a question with 12 options asking about psychotherapist approaches. The data analyzed through descriptive tests, chi-square and SPSS software. Results: Psychotherapy approaches found with skew distribution among psychotherapists. Results show that just some psychotherapy approaches are practical and psychiatrists or psychologists just prefer some specific approaches. Cognitive-behavioral approach has highest rate of use and preference in all academic degrees. Conclusion: The importance and requisiteness of psychotherapies and effective psychological interventions in Persian culture lead us to conduct this research in Iranian psychotherapist. The results showed the use rates of psychotherapy approaches among Iranian psychiatrists and psychologists.

The controlled release of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from promoter-proximal pausing (PPP) sites is critical for transcription elongation in metazoans. We show that the human tumor suppressor BRCA2 interacts with RNAPII to regulate PPP release, thereby preventing unscheduled RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) implicated in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. BRCA2 inactivation by depletion or cancer-causing mutations instigates RNAPII accumulation and R-loop accrual at PPP sites in actively transcribed genes, accompanied by γH2AX formation marking DNA breakage, which is reduced by ERCC4 endonuclease depletion. BRCA2 inactivation decreases RNAPII-associated factor 1 (PAF1) recruitment (which normally promotes RNAPII release) and diminishes H2B Lys120 ubiquitination, impeding nascent RNA synthesis. PAF1 depletion phenocopies, while its overexpression ameliorates, R-loop accumulation after BRCA2 inactivation. Thus, an unrecognized role for BRCA2 in the transition from promoter-proximal pausing to productive elongation via augmented PAF1 recruitment to RNAPII is subverted by disease-causing mutations, provoking R-loop-mediated DNA breakage in BRCA2-deficient cells.

Having a basic understanding of non-Newtonian fluid flow through porous media, which usually consist of series of expansions and contractions, is of importance for enhanced oil recovery, groundwater remediation, microfluidic particle manipulation, etc. The flow in contraction and/or expansion microchannel is unbounded in the primary direction and has been widely studied before. In contrast, there has been very little work on the understanding of such flow in an expansion–contraction microchannel with a confined cavity. We investigate the flow of five types of non-Newtonian fluids with distinct rheological properties and water through a planar single-cavity microchannel. All fluids are tested in a similarly wide range of flow rates, from which the observed flow regimes and vortex development are summarized in the same dimensionless parameter spaces for a unified understanding of the effects of fluid inertia, shear thinning, and elasticity as well as confinement. Our results indicate that fluid inertia is responsible for developing vortices in the expansion flow, which is trivially affected by the confinement. Fluid shear thinning causes flow separations on the contraction walls, and the interplay between the effects of shear thinning and inertia is dictated by the confinement. Fluid elasticity introduces instability and asymmetry to the contraction flow of polymers with long chains while suppressing the fluid inertia-induced expansion flow vortices. However, the formation and fluctuation of such elasto-inertial fluid vortices exhibit strong digressions from the unconfined flow pattern in a contraction–expansion microchannel of similar dimensions.

In order to have sustainable development, it is necessary to manage energy use and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission in all production processes. The aim of this study was to compare wheat production in dryland and irrigated agroecosystems in terms of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission based on energy consumption under different climatic regions. Data were collected from growers using a face-to-face questionnaire during 2013. The results showed that total energy consumption in irrigated and dryland wheat agroecosystems was 53082.9 and 15603.3 MJ ha−1, respectively. Energy use efficiency was 22.1% higher in dryland wheat agroecosystem than irrigated wheat agroecosystem. Total GHG emission for irrigated wheat agroecosystem was 3184.4 kg CO2-eq ha−1 and 680.36 kg CO2-eq t−1 while it was 553.1 kg CO2-eq ha−1 and 381.3 kg CO2-eq t−1 in dryland wheat agroecosystem. In irrigated wheat agroecosystem the highest GHG emission was 3561.8 kg CO2-eq ha−1for arid–warm region and the lowest was 2832.6 kg CO2-eq ha−1 for wet–moderate region. In dryland wheat agroecosystem the highest GHG emission was 584.2 kg CO2-eq ha−1 for wet–cold region and the lowest was 523.01 kg CO2-eq ha−1 for semiarid–warm region. In irrigated wheat agroecosystem diesel fuel had the highest emission (46.9%), followed by electricity (36.2%) and farmyard manure (7.5%). In dryland wheat agroecosystem the highest share of GHG emissions belonged to diesel fuels (75.8%), machinery (14.2%) and chemical fertilizers (8.5%), respectively.

The composite material concrete filled steel tubes, CFST) begin widely recommended in modern structural projects. This material is made of steel tubes filled with concrete. This CFST structure has better ductility than the conventional structure. The three-dimensional finite element modelby means of MSC Marc Mentat software is done by using non-linear material properties for both the steel and concrete. The non-linear geometry is also considered. The results of the finite element analysis method are then compared with experimental results of circular steel tubes filled with concrete. The results of this analysis for both load-deflection and collapse conditions are quite agree with the experimental results. However, the buckling phenomena cannot be modeled in the analysis of the finite element method. The effect of finite element model, which is half span and a quarter of half span, is investigated. The results of this analysis are similar to the results of full-scale analysis. There is plastic hinge in the middle of the beam span. The influence of the material properties of linear and non-linear geometric properties are also investigated. The the plastic hinge did not occur in the middle of beam span.

The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria of venture capital (VC) financing and to determine the importance of each criterion in VC financing and finally to use TOPSIS method to rank Islamic contracts in VC financial systems. To rank the contracts, 8 criteria were identified through literature review and research works in the related fields. Then, for calculating the ranking of each criterion and performing sensitivity analysis toward making proper decisions, both quantitative and qualitative techniques is used. Shannon Entropy, as a quantitative technique, was used to calculate the importance of criteria using a questionnaire completed by bank experts in Islamic contracts of VC. However, using a qualitative method, 3 different states were considered for the importance level of criteria. Finally, the ranking of Islamic contracts in the VC financial system was calculated using TOPSIS method.

Abstract There is no dearth of publication on pronunciation problems of different L1-bacground learners in EFL contexts; however, research in ESL situations (where English is spoken outside the classroom) in general, and in the Nigerian context, in particular, is scarce. Accordingly, to fill this research gap the present study set out to investigate the pronunciation problems of Hausa speakers of English in Nigeria. To achieve the goals of the research, 60 native speakers of Hausa studying at three universities in Northern Cyprus participated in the study. The participants’ pronunciation problems of English were elicited by mean of a pronunciation test that consisted of a word list, a short paragraph, and 15 individual sentences. Moreover, 15 pictures were shown to the participants to name while being audio-recorded. All the test items contained English consonants and vowels with potential pronunciation difficulties for Hausa speakers of English. The collected data were then transcribed and analyzed, and percentages and frequencies of pronunciation errors were computed. The results revealed that native speakers of Hausa face problems in pronouncing certain English vowels (i.e., /ᴧ/, /ᴐ:/ and /з:/) and consonants (/f/, /v/, /θ/ and /ð/). Theoretically, the findings lend support to the notion of negative transfer as all of the errors were the result of mother tongue interference. The findings are interpreted to have pedagogical implications for ESL teachers and syllabus designers in general and in Hausa-speaking communities, in particular. Keywords: Pronunciation problems, segmental phonemes, negative transfer, Hausa speakers of English.

There is no dearth of publication on pronunciation problems of different L1-bacground learners in EFL contexts; however, research in ESL situations (where English is spoken outside the classroom) in general, and in the Nigerian context, in particular, is scarce. Accordingly, to fill this research gap the present study set out to investigate the pronunciation problems of Hausa speakers of English in Nigeria. To achieve the goals of the research, 60 native speakers of Hausa studying at three universities in Northern Cyprus participated in the study. The participants’ pronunciation problems of English were elicited by mean of a pronunciation test that consisted of a word list, a short paragraph, and 15 individual sentences. Moreover, 15 pictures were shown to the participants to name while being audio-recorded. All the test items contained English consonants and vowels with potential pronunciation difficulties for Hausa speakers of English. The collected data were then transcribed and analyzed, and percentages and frequencies of pronunciation errors were computed. The results revealed that native speakers of Hausa face problems in pronouncing certain English vowels (i.e., /ᴧ/, /ᴐ:/ and /з:/) and consonants ( and /ð/). Theoretically, the findings lend support to the notion of negative transfer as all of the errors were the result of mother tongue interference. The findings are interpreted to have pedagogical implications for ESL teachers and syllabus designers in general and in Hausa- speaking communities, in particular.

This study was carried out in order to investigate on chromosomal behavior during meiosis in Kerman endemic cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and VTDL (G. arboretum) species, F1 hybrids of two species and BC4 genotypes. The F1s investigations showed that in 40 percent of tested cells, there was one adjacent quadrivalent. Only in one case there was one lag chromosome at MII and the rest of next meiosis stages were normal. Repeated back crosses (up to BC4) caused to reduce the irregularities. Morphological traits in back crosses, were mostly similar to G. herbaceum and only in few cases were left from G. arboretum species. Since simultaneously breeding for all traits, especially through far hybridization, is not possible at one stage, so the resulted offspring would be great achievement at the early steps of endemic cotton improvement.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa can thrive in diverse infection scenarios by rewiring its central metabolism. An example of this is the production of biomass from C2 nutrient sources such as acetate via the glyoxylate shunt when glucose is not available. The glyoxylate shunt is comprised of two enzymes, isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase G (MS), and flux through the shunt is essential for the survival of the organism in mammalian systems. In this study, we characterized the mode of action and cytotoxicity of structural analogs of 2-aminopyridines, which have been identified by earlier work as being inhibitory to both shunt enzymes. Two of these analogs were able to inhibit ICL and MS in vitro and prevented growth of P. aeruginosa on acetate (indicating cell permeability). Moreover, the compounds exerted negligible cytotoxicity against three human cell lines and showed promising in vitro drug metabolism and safety profiles. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to confirm binding of one of the analogs to ICL and MS, and the mode of enzyme inhibition was determined. Our data suggest that these 2-aminopyridine analogs have potential as anti-pseudomonal agents.

We have explored the structural and superconducting properties of ZrNi2-xTMxGa (TM = Cu, Co) Heusler compounds via x-ray diffraction, scanning electron mi croscopy, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements. All samples crystallized in the cubic L21 structure at room temperature. For x ≤ 0.25, all the ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds showed superconducting properties and a decrease in TC with increasing Cu concentration. The dc magnetization data suggested type-II superconductivity for all the Cu-doped compounds. Contrary to the ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds, no superconductivity was observed in the ZrNi2-xCoxGa compounds. Substitution of Ni by a small concentration of Co destroyed superconductivity in the Co-doped compounds. The experimental results are discussed and possible explanations are provided.

The phase transitions and associated magnetocaloric properties of the Ni2Mn0.55CoxCr0.45-xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) Heusler alloy system have been investigated. All samples exhibit a first-order martensitic phase transition, evidenced by a sharp drop in the resistivity versus temperature data and a thermomagnetic irreversibility in the dc magnetization data of the respective samples. Large magnetic entropy changes have also been observed near the phase transitions. The martensitic transformation temperature increases as Cr is partially replaced with Co. Additionally, this substitution leads to a partial decoupling of the magnetic and structural phase transitions, dramatically suppressing any magnetic hysteresis losses. Furthermore, the change in electrical resistivity during the phase transition remains relatively constant across the system, despite major changes in the degree of structural disorder and magnetostructural phase transition coupling. Detailed experimental results and conjectures as to the origin of these behaviors have been provided.

The complaisance's subject is one of the most important subjects which has been discussed by the speech philosophers in their researches and studies, but it was an interesting subject by Abid Al Gibar who is called The Judge of Judges, he allocated a full part in his book (The Singer in chapters of Monotheism and Justice). Talking about this, the Complaisance was not a matter of disagreement between the scholars, but the dispute was about the necessaty or unnecessaty of the Complaisance. At this exact point the Nonconformests specialized in, and one of their follower is the Judge who proved the necessaty of the Divine Complaisance depending on mental and copying evidences. In this research we will discuss the particularistic of the Judge's attitude toward the Complaisance problem. In the introduction we will talk about the difining of the Judge Abid Al Gibar. The research elements include the definition of the Complaisance and its truth, aspects and kinds. The necessaty of the divine complaisance and the reply to the rivals by The Judge and then explaining the meanings which are used in discribing the Complaisance and who deserves this complaisance. The result that we reached through our studies of the Judge Abid Al Gibar's writings is that he proved by his mental and copying evidences the necessaty of the divine complaisance, and he represented an origenal view in that he disproved the rivals' opinions who rejected the necessaty of the divine complaisance.

The superconducting properties of a series of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization, and ac susceptibility measurements. While the parent compound, ZrNi2Ga, exhibited the cubic L21 Heusler structure, multiple non-cubic structures formed in the Zr and Ni rich doped materials. For x ≤ 0.3, all Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds demonstrated superconducting behavior, but no superconductivity was observed in the Zr1+xNi2-xGa alloys for x > 0.2. The magnetization data revealed that all materials in both Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa series exhibited type-II superconductivity. With increasing doping concentration x, the paramagnetic ordering were enhanced in both systems while the superconducting properties were found to weaken. The observations are discussed considering the structural disorders in the systems.

Here we report on the structural and magnetic properties of Ni0.2Mn3.2Ga0.6 melt-spun ribbons. The as-spun ribbons were found to exhibit mixed cubic phases that transform to non-cubic structure upon annealing. Additionally, an amorphous phase was found to co-exist in all ribbons. The SEM images show that minor grain formation occurs on the as-spun ribbons. However, the formation of extensive nano-grains was observed on the surfaces of the annealed ribbons. While the as-spun ribbons exhibit predominantly paramagnetic behavior, the ribbons annealed under various thermal conditions were found to be ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of about 380 K. The ribbons annealed at 450 °C for 30 minutes exhibit a large coercive field of about 2500 Oe. The experimental results show that the microstructure and associated magnetic properties of the ribbons can be controlled by annealing techniques. The coercive fields and the shape of the magnetic hysteresis loops vary significantly with annealing conditions. Exchange bias effects have also been observed in the annealed ribbons.

An experimental study has been performed on a series of Ni2Mn0.4-xFexCr0.6Ga Heusler alloys. At room temperature, the alloys crystallize in either the tetragonal martensite (x < 0.1) or cubic L21 structure (x ≥ 0.1). Additionally, a Cr-Fe based face-centered cubic γ-Fe type secondary phase was found to co-exist in the samples. Magnetization and transport measurements revealed that the Curie and martensitic transition temperatures decrease as Mn is replaced with Fe. Atypical to other Ni2MnGa-derivative Heusler alloys, the transition temperatures decrease at the same rate with respect to x for x ≥ 0.1. Thus, the two transitions do not couple in to a single magnetostructural transition at any composition. Transport measurements revealed that all samples exhibit a sharp drop in resistivity during the martensitic phase transition (13 - 17 %), with the magnitude of this drop remaining relatively constant over the entire series. The possible origins of the observed experimental behavior are discussed.

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a series of minutely doped Mn5-xFexGe3 compounds that exhibit the D88-type hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature have been investigated. For all Fe concentrations, the alloys are ferromagnetic and undergo a second-order ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition near room temperature. Although the small Fe doping had little effect on the ferromagnetic transition temperatures of the system, changes in the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy were observed. For x≤0.15, all compounds exhibit nearly the same magnetic entropy change of ~7 J/kg K, for a field change of 50 kOe. However, the magnitude of the refrigerant capacities increased with Fe doping, with values up to 108.5 J/kg and 312 J/kg being observed for field changes of 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively. As second-order phase transition materials, the Mn5-xFexGe3 compounds are not subject to the various drawbacks associated with first-order phase transition materials yet exhibit favorable magnetocaloric effects.

OBJECTIVE: Extradural arachnoid cysts (EACs) are rare causes of spinal cord compression and cauda equina. These benign lesions appear in the literature mainly as single case reports. In this article, we present the largest series found in literature, with four new cases of spinal extradural arachnoid cysts. The characteristic imaging features, details of surgical steps and strategies to prevent postoperative kyphosis in this cystic pathology will be discussed.

A study was conducted to determine the tree species composition, diversity and above ground biomass at Redang Island, Terengganu. Two plots of 0.1 ha were established at the inland forest and coastal forest of the island. As the result, a total of 387 trees ≥ 5 diameters at breast height (DBH) were recorded. The coastal forest recorded 167 individuals representing 48 species from 37 genera and 26 families while the inland forest had 220 individuals representing 50 species from 43 genera and 25 families. Shorea glauca (Dipterocarpaceae) was the most important species at the coastal forest with a Species Importance Value Index (SIVi) of 10.5 % while Dipterocarpus costulatus (Dipterocarpaceae) was the most important species at the inland forest with 13.8 %. Dipterocarpaceae was the most important family in both forest plots with FIVi at 20.4 % in the coastal and 21.5 % in the inland forest. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) was considered high in both forest plots with 3.4 (H’max = 3.9) at the coastal forest and 3.5 (H’max = 4.0) at the inland forest. Sorenson’s Community Similarity Coefficient (CCs) showed that tree species communities between the two forest plots had moderate similarity with CC = 0.5. The Shannon Evenness Index (J’) in the two forest plots was 0.89. The total above ground biomass at the coastal forest was 491 t/ha and at the inland forest it was 408 t/ha. From all the species recorded in this study, 11 species were listed as threatened species by IUCN Red Data Book, of which four were listed as endangered and critically endangered, six were listed as lower risk and one species was listed as vulnerable.

It is undesirable to face traffic congestion during an emergency. Congestion does not only cause delay to returning home commuters but also impede emergency vehicles. It is necessary to identify the congestion location as well as congestion severity in order to find the causes and countermeasures, furthermore setting priorities among remedial steps to alleviate the severity. In this study, we prepare an animated simulation of returning home behavior of commuters during a downpour. A taxi probe data was used to prepare the simulation. However, a direct visualization of the raw data does not produce a comprehensive representation of the real traffic situation. This study aims at reproducing efficiently the real traffic situation under such condition that can be easily recognized by a simple and quick glance. This paper discusses the method to reproduce the data as well. The proposed method provides a better realization of the traffic condition. The animated simulation that would be built from a preferable pattern can be used to explore the level of congestion in numerous locations and to evaluate the performance of countermeasures to overcome the congestion.

This study is the first report to suggest a morphological phylogenetic framework for the seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Ficus: Moraceae) from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia. Several molecular-based classifications on the genus Ficus had been proposed, but neither had discussed the relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea to its allies nor within the varieties. The relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea is still debated due to the extreme morphological variabilities and ambiguous boundaries between taxa. Thus, the correct identification of these varieties is important as several morphological characters are variety-specific. To test the monophyly and further resolved the relationship in F. deltoidea, a morphological phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on herbarium specimens representing the seven varieties of F. deltoidea that were collected from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia, by using related species of the genus Ficus; F. grossularioides, F. ischnopoda and F. oleifolia as the outgroups. Parsimony and neighbour-joining analyses indicated that F. deltoidea is monophyletic, in that the seven varieties of F. deltoidea nested into two clades; clade subspecies deltoidea (var. deltoidea, var. bilobata, var. angustifolia, var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis) and clade subspecies motleyana (var. intermedia and var. motleyana).