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One of the most famous high-rise structures in the world, the Moscow Radio Tower, was built in 1919-1922. Over more than a century of operation, corrosion damage formed in the elements, which brought the tower to an emergency state. Today the tower is located in a dense urban development, any abnormal situation with the structures poses a danger to the surrounding buildings. Due to the structural features of the structure, restoration works can be executed only when its elements are unloaded by suspending the radio tower on an additional support structure. In order to ensure safety during the works, it is necessary to guarantee the transmission of the force from the weight of the radio tower along the axis of the inclined struts. For this purpose, a special beam and its connection nodes to the columns were developed and tested. The nodes were used in the course of emergency works, which consist in providing partial support of the radio tower on a specially erected support tower, which eliminates the danger of tower collapse, but does not reduce the emergency condition of the structure. Urgent measures are required to bring the supporting structures of the tower to a serviceable technical condition.

The article is devoted to the issue of preserving the architectural heritage of the outstanding Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov. Three objects are considered: the Moscow Radio Tower on Shabolovka, the “Shukhov Prolet” of the Sheet Rolling Shop and the Water Tower, located in the city of Vyksa, Nizhny Novgorod Region. The main design parameters of these structures and the results of their technical examination, the emergency response measures taken to ensure the safety of the Radio Tower in Moscow, and recommendations for the restoration of all three structures with the transfer of the Sheet Rolling Shop and the Water Tower to the central part of Vyksa are presented. It is planned to reconstruct the historical appearance of the buildings, as well as to improve the surrounding area. It is supposed to restore the geometric shape of the section by laser deposition of powder metal, and only if it is impossible to restore the element, its replacement is provided. To preserve the historical appearance, the joints of steel structures will be bolted, imitating rivets. In the course of excavation, archaeological research is planned, since within the boundaries of the construction site (the city of Vyksa) there may be areas of preserved cultural strata of the cultural heritage site “Estate-industrial complex, XVIII-XIX centuries”.

The Moscow Radio Tower was erected in 1922 and is an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, a monument of architecture and engineering. The tower consists of six sections, each about 25 m high. The frame of the sections is a hyperboloid structure, the principle of which was developed by V.G. Shukhov at the end of the XIX century and is still used worldwide in the design and construction of tower structures. The technical inspections carried out confirmed the emergency condition of the Moscow Radio Tower. The results of laboratory studies have shown the heterogeneity of the strength and chemical characteristics of steel, its non-weldability and cold breakage. Analysis of the development of defects over time revealed that the condition of the tower is deteriorating. The performed emergency measures exclude a sudden collapse, but do not eliminate the emergency condition of metal structures. Taking into account the need for urgent restoration work with the elimination of the emergency condition of the tower, the development of project documentation began in 2023. The design assignment provides for the maximum possible preservation of the original elements. When carrying out the project, it should be taken into account that it is impossible to remove individual elements without completely unloading the entire structure. All elements of the tower that have mechanical or corrosion damage that reduces the cross-section even in certain sections are not repairable and must be replaced with new ones. When reusing existing elements, it will be technically difficult to carry out the reverse assembly with the necessary accuracy.

The article describes the design features of the Ostankino TV tower in Moscow. The main results of the earlier works of the load-bearing reinforced concrete structures of the TV tower column and foundations are presented in the article. The authors examined the internal and external surfaces of reinforced concrete structures of the entire height of the tower with selective defectoscopy and determined the actual strength of concrete by non-destructive methods. The figures of this work show the main structural reinforced concrete elements and a distribution graph of strength characteristics of the height of the structure. Despite the noticeable height changes, the concrete strength in all parts exceeds the value provided for in the project.

Space exploration is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken since the emergence of humankind. The International Space Station is a unique platform for advanced technology research that is not possible anywhere else. Tissue engineering in outer space, where state of the gravity can be ‘turned off’ or ‘turned on’ in the case of application of centrifuges, is a new research field with high-value goals. The microgravity conditions allow to design novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth but benefit the Earth civilisation. Developing and manufacturing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will find important applications in medicine on Earth and/or for long-duration space missions. Today, there are only a handful of emerging biomaterials that have been tested in space, none of which have been used for their eventual function. This paper presents advances in space technology via 3D magnetic assembly: the development of synthetic bone graft constructs aboard the International Space Station during expeditions 60/61 with clear evidence of the materials' functioning in preclinical (animal) tests on Earth. The results indicate high osteoconductivity and ultimately a good rate of tissue formation by the bone grafts prepared in space.

Safe operation, reliability and durability of capital facilities (hereinafter – CF) are becoming more and more topical. All phases except operation (including all types of maintenance and repairs) and demolition were covered by regulatory requirements, while operation as the longest phase in CF life and the final stage - demolition were not included into regulations until recently. There were industry specific codes for nonproduction and industrial buildings and facilities and documents derived from them, but they were inconsistent, lead time to repair differed even for similar structures and operation conditions and these discrepancies did not allow setting the specific frequency of repairs which resulted in neglected defects and damages shortening the life of buildings and structures or causing accidents. In 2015, the authors, in team with other experts, developed SP 255.1325800.2016 “Buildings and structures. Rules of operation. Key provisions” (hereinafter - SP 255), setting general requirements to operation of buildings and structures under regular conditions, but the diversity of buildings’ functions required the development of numerous codes of practice derived from SP 255 and some of them were drafted in 2016-2018. Codes of operation practice will (if elaborated) contribute to the reduction of operation and maintenance costs and ensure required safety of capital facilities.

The paramagnetic defects and radiation-induced paramagnetic centers (PCs) in silica opals can play a crucial role in determining the magnetic and electronic behavior of materials and serve as local probes of their electronic structure. Systematic investigations of paramagnetic defects are essential for advancing both theoretical and practical aspects of material science. A series of silica opal samples with different geometrical parameters were synthesized and radiation-induced PCs were investigated by means of the conventional and pulsed X- and W-band electron paramagnetic resonance, and 1H/2H Mims electron-nuclear double resonance. Two groups of PCs were distinguished based on their spectroscopic parameters, electron relaxation characteristics, temperature and time stability, localization relative to the surface of silica spheres, and their origin. The obtained data demonstrate that stable radiation-induced E’ PCs can be used as sensitive probes for the hydrogen-containing fillers of the opal pores, for the development of compact radiation monitoring equipment, and for quantum technologies.

Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotics use in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is a major contributor to resistance. We aimed to design an algorithm based on clinical signs and host biomarkers to identify bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients with LRTI. Methods Participants with LRTI were selected in a prospective cohort of febrile (≥ 38 °C) adults presenting to outpatient clinics in Dar es Salaam. Participants underwent chest X-ray, multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens, and measurements of 13 biomarkers. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of clinical signs and biomarkers using logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis. Results Of 110 patients with LRTI, 17 had bacterial CAP. Procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) showed an excellent predictive accuracy to identify bacterial CAP (AUROC 0.88, 95%CI 0.78–0.98; 0.84, 0.72–0.99; 0.83, 0.74–0.92, respectively). Combining respiratory rate with PCT or IL-6 significantly improved the model compared to respiratory rate alone (p = 0.006, p = 0.033, respectively). An algorithm with respiratory rate (≥ 32/min) and PCT (≥ 0.25 μg/L) had 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity. Conclusions PCT, IL-6 and sTREM-1 had an excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating bacterial CAP from other LRTIs. An algorithm combining respiratory rate and PCT displayed even better performance in this sub-Sahara African setting.

Abstract For bone replacement materials, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties are desired. The bacterial resistance and the need for new antibacterial strategies stand among the most challenging tasks of the modern medicine. In this work, brushite cements based on powders of Zinc (Zn) (1.4 wt%) substituted tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and non-substituted β-TCP were prepared and investigated. Their initial and final phase composition, time of setting, morphology, pH evolution, and compressive strength are reported. After soaking for 60 days in physiological solution, the cements transformed into a mixture of brushite and hydroxyapatite. Antibacterial activity of the cements against Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains was attested. The absence of cytotoxicity of cements was proved for murine fibroblast NCTC L929 cells. Moreover, the cell viability on the β-TCP cement containing Zn2+ ions was 10% higher compared to the β-TCP cement without zinc. The developed cements are perspective for applications in orthopedics and traumatology.

The spectral and relaxation characteristics of “free” organic radicals (FR) and vanadyl-porphyrin (VP) complexes in various petroleum disperse systems (PDS) like bitumen, petroleum, their high-molecular components and solutions were studied using stationary (conventional) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques in two frequency ranges (X- and W-bands, with the microwave radiation frequencies of about 9 GHz and 95 GHz, respectively). The features of the pulsed approaches (electron spin echo, modulation of the electron spin echo signal decay, electronic relaxation times) and high-frequency EPR for PDS investigations were examined. W-band EPR allows to resolve spectrally the lines from the different paramagnetic centers and more accurately determine their spectral characteristics. It is shown that the electron spin echo can be observed at room temperatures even at high magnetic fields of 3.4 T demonstrating the potential of application of pulsed EPR techniques for the low-cost oilfield measurements. Analysis of the VP transverse magnetization decay curve permits to identify electron-nuclear interactions with the 14N and 1H nuclei in situ while in the EPR spectra these hyperfine interactions usually cannot be detected. It is found from the W-band EPR measurements that FR lineshape cannot be fitted with isotropic parameters in contrast to the established X-band results. The observed effect of increasing the rates of electronic transverse relaxation in asphaltenes is described in the framework of a model of spectral diffusion between the fast- and slow-relaxing paramagnetic centers in supramolecular complexes of asphaltenes.

Resting functional MRI studies of the infant brain are increasingly becoming an important tool in developmental neuroscience. Whereas the test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures derived from resting fMRI data have been characterized in the adult and child brain, similar assessments have not been conducted in infants. In this study, we examined the intra-session test-retest reliability of FC measures from 119 infant brain MRI scans from four neurodevelopmental studies. We investigated edge-level and subject-level reliability within one MRI session (between and within runs) measured by the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). First, using an atlas-based approach, we examined whole-brain connectivity as well as connectivity within two common resting fMRI networks – the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). Second, we examined the influence of run duration, study site, and scanning manufacturer (e.g., Philips and General Electric) on ICCs. Lastly, we tested spatial similarity using the Jaccard Index from networks derived from independent component analysis (ICA). Consistent with resting fMRI studies from adults, our findings indicated poor edge-level reliability (ICC = 0.14–0.18), but moderate-to-good subject-level intra-session reliability for whole-brain, DMN, and SMN connectivity (ICC = 0.40–0.78). We also found significant effects of run duration, site, and scanning manufacturer on reliability estimates. Some ICA-derived networks showed strong spatial reproducibility (e.g., DMN, SMN, and Visual Network), and were labelled based on their spatial similarity to analogous networks measured in adults. These networks were reproducibly found across different study sites. However, other ICA-networks (e.g. Executive Control Network) did not show strong spatial reproducibility, suggesting that the reliability and/or maturational course of functional connectivity may vary by network. In sum, our findings suggest that developmental scientists may be on safe ground examining the functional organization of some major neural networks (e.g. DMN and SMN), but judicious interpretation of functional connectivity is essential to its ongoing success.

Background: Bangladesh is a rapidly developing country. Lots of infrastructures are set up every year. A large number of people are working in the construction industry. Work related injuries and deaths of construction workers are common. The aim of this study was to find the health and safety awareness of informal construction workers. Methodology: This study was a cross sectional study by using a preset questionnaire among the construction workers in Bangladesh. Results: Participants of this study had lower income and education. About 87% of participants did not receive any health and safety training and did not wear safety equipment when they were working. About 57% of the participants had a history of injury. This study also found that the main reasons for the non-use of safety equipment were lack of safety equipment, motivation and training. Conclusion: construction workers are not adequately aware about health and safety issues that relate to them.

Background: Bangladesh is a rapidly developing country. Lots of infrastructures are set up every year. A large number of people are working in the construction industry. Work related injuries and deaths of construction workers are common. The aim of this study was to find the health and safety awareness of informal construction workers. Methodology: This study was a cross sectional study by using a preset questionnaire among the construction workers in Bangladesh. Results: Participants of this study had lower income and education. About 87% of participants did not receive any health and safety training and did not wear safety equipment when they were working. About 57% of the participants had a history of injury. This study also found that the main reasons for the non-use of safety equipment were lack of safety equipment, motivation and training. Conclusion: Construction workers are not adequately aware about health and safety issues that relate to them.

The purpose of this research is to consider the legal status of an expert in the legal proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States. In the paper used were such research methods as analysis, synthesis, formal legal and comparative legal. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to clarify the legal status of an expert in the Russian Federation and the United States. The use of formal legal and comparative legal methods made it possible to conduct a comprehensive comparative study of procedural legislation. The authors applied an integrated approach to the study of the role and essence of competent persons in the two countries’ proceedings. The comparative legal analysis of the rules of proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States resulted in an assessment of the legislative regulation of the institute of specific expertise in legal proceedings. The given methodological tools made it possible to comprehensively generalise and systematise theoretical postulates, develop their own opinion on issues of the expert participation in the proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States discussed in the scientific literature. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it made it possible to assess further prospects for engaging competent persons in Russian legal proceedings. The results obtained during the work can be used for further research in the field of application of special knowledge in the legal proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States.

The presence of aluminum and gallium isotopes with large nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments in the nearest environment of impurity ions Mn2+ and Ce3+ in garnets made it possible to use hyperfine and quadrupole interactions with these ions to determine the spatial distribution of the unpaired electron and the gradient of the electric field at the sites of aluminum and gallium in the garnet lattice. High-frequency (94 GHz) electron spin echo detected electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance measurements have been performed. Large difference in the electric field gradient and quadrupole splitting at octahedral and tetrahedral sites allowed identifying the positions of aluminum and gallium ions in the garnet lattice and proving that gallium first fills tetrahedral positions in mixed aluminum-gallium garnets. This should be taken into account in the development of garnet-based scintillators and lasers. It is shown that the electric field gradient at aluminum nuclei near Mn2+ possessing an excess negative charge in the garnet lattice is ca. 2.5 times larger than on aluminum nuclei near Ce3+.

BackgroundThe demand for health services in developing countries often outweighs provision. This article describes the present condition of physiotherapy in Bangladesh. Physiotherapy is not recognized as a profession by the government. There is no single registration and regulation body. The health-related and economic benefits of physiotherapy are not felt by the majority of Bangladeshi citizens.Areas coveredThe burden of disease is changing, and Bangladesh needs a profession that specializes in physical rehabilitation to face these challenges. This article outlines the benefits to patients and the wider economy from a broad physiotherapy regime for all Bangladeshi citizens. It describes the many barriers the profession faces.ConclusionPhysiotherapy is efficacious in many post-trauma situations and long-term conditions. Economic evidence supports the provision physiotherapy as a cost-effective treatment which should be considered as part of the provision of a universal health-care service. Official recognition of the protected “physiotherapist” title and a single registration and regulation agency are recommended.

BackgroundQuick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a three-item clinical instrument for bedside identification of sepsis patients at risk of poor outcome. qSOFA could be a valuable triage tool in emergency departments of low-income countries, yet its performance in resource-limited settings remains unknown. The prognostic accuracy of qSOFA for 28-day all-cause mortality in febrile adults treated at the EDs in a low-income country was evaluated.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients (≥18 years) with fever (tympanic temperature ≥38°C and fever ≤7 days) who presented between July 2013 and May 2014 at four emergency departments in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Medical history, clinical examination, laboratory and microbiological data were collected to document the cause of fever. Variables for the previous and new sepsis criteria were collected at inclusion and qSOFA, SOFA and SIRS were measured at inclusion. Patients were followed up by phone at day 28. The performance (sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC]) of qSOFA (score ≥2), SOFA (increase of ≥2 points) and SIRS (≥2 criteria) as predictors of 28-day all-cause mortality was evaluated.ResultsAmong the 519 patients (median age: 30 years) included in the analysis, 47% were female and 25% were HIV positive. Overall, 85% had a microbiologically and/or clinically documented infection and 15% a fever of unknown origin. The most common site and causes of infections were the respiratory tract (43%), dengue (26%), malaria (6%) and typhoid fever (5%). Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality was 6%: 3% for patients with a qSOFA ConclusionsAmong patients with fever at emergency departments in Tanzania, qSOFA had a prognostic accuracy for 28-day mortality comparable to SOFA and superior to SIRS. These results support the use of qSOFA as a triage tool to identify patients with sepsis and at risk of poor outcome in resource-limited countries.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01947075.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram dan pupuk urea terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum). Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pertanian di Desa Semampir, Kecamatan Banjarnegara, Kabupaten Banjarnegara dengan ketinggian kurang lebih 290 meter di atas permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah latosol. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Faktor yang dicoba adalah 4 taraf dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram yaitu tanpa diberi dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram (L0), diberi limbah media tanam jamur tiram 2 ton/ha (L1), diberi limbah media tanam jamur tiram 4 ton/ha (L2) dan diberi limbah media tanam jamur tiram 6 ton/ha (L3) dan 3 dosis pupuk urea yaitu, tanpa diberi pupuk urea (U0), diberi pupuk urea 175 kg/ha (U1) dan diberi pupuk urea 250 kg/ha (U2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap komponen pertumbuhan vegetatif seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, bobot kering tanaman dan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap komponen pertumbuhan generatif yang meliputi : jumlah tandan tiap tanaman, jumlah buah tiap tanaman, berat buah tiap tanaman, berat buah tiap buah, dan volume buah. Sedangkan dosis pupuk urea berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah daun dan jumlah cabang dan berpengaruh tidak nyata pada tinggi tanaman dan bobot kering tanaman.. Terhadap pertumbuhan generatif dosis pupuk urea berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah tandan tiap tanaman, berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah buah tiap tanaman dan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap berat buah tiap tanaman, berat buah tiap buah, volume buah. Berdasarkan analisis data statistik interaksi antara dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram dan pupuk urea berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tomat.

We report the observation of pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectrum caused by interactions of the nitrogen nuclei 14N with the unpaired electron of the paramagnetic vanadyl complexes VO2+ of vanadyl porphyrins in natural crude oil. We provide detailed experimental and theoretical characterization of the nitrogen hyperfine and quadrupole tensors.

Size-calibrated commercial nanodiamonds synthesized by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) technique were studied by high-frequency W- and conventional X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The numbers of spins in the studied samples were estimated. The core-shell model of the HPHT nanodiamonds was proposed to explain the observed dependence of the concentration of the N0 paramagnetic centers. Two other observed paramagnetic centers are attributed to the two types of structures in the nanodiamond shell.

Multipulse sequences based on Carr-Purcell decoupling are frequently used for narrow-band signal detection in single-spin magnetometry. We have analyzed the behavior of multipulse sensing sequences under real-world conditions, including finite pulse durations and the presence of detunings. We find that these nonidealities introduce harmonics to the filter function, allowing additional frequencies to pass the filter. In particular, we find that the XY family of sequences can generate signals at the 2f_{ac}, 4f_{ac}, and 8f_{ac} harmonics and their odd subharmonics, where f_{ac} is the ac signal frequency. Consideration of the harmonic response is especially important for diamond-based nuclear-spin sensing where the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is used to identify the nuclear-spin species, as it leads to ambiguities when several isotopes are present.

Spin defects in semiconductors are attracting interest as a material basis for quantum information and computing technologies. In this work, the spin properties of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in a 6H-SiC silicon carbide crystal enriched with the 28 Si isotope were studied by high-frequency (94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. Due to an optical excitation channel at the NV− centers, it was possible to initialize the electron spin of the defect using a laser source, which led to a significant increase in the intensity of the recorded EPR signal. The dependences of the observed spin polarization were analyzed at different optical excitation wavelengths (λ = 640 – 1064 nm), output power (0 – 500 mW), and temperature (50 – 300 K) of the crystal. The results obtained reveal the optimal experimental conditions for maximizing the efficiency of optical quantum energy transfer to the spin system. This opens up new possibilities for using NV− centers in 6H-SiC to create multi-qubit spin-photon interfaces operating in the infrared region.

The distinct spin, optical, and coherence characteristics of solid-state spin defects in semiconductors have positioned them as potential qubits for quantum technologies. Both bulk and two-dimensional materials, with varying structural properties, can serve as crystalline hosts for color centers. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of the spin–optical, electron–nuclear, and relaxation properties of nitrogen-bound vacancy defects using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques. We examine key parameters of the spin Hamiltonian for the nitrogen vacancy (NV−) center in 4H-SiC: D = 1.3 GHz, Azz = 1.1 MHz, and CQ = 2.53 MHz, as well as for the boron vacancy (VB−) in hBN: D = 3.6 GHz, Azz = 85 MHz, and CQ = 2.11 MHz, and their dependence on the material matrix. The spin–spin relaxation times T2 (NV− center: 50 µs and VB−: 15 µs) are influenced by the local nuclear environment and spin diffusion while Rabi oscillation damping times depend on crystal size and the spatial distribution of microwave excitation. The ENDOR absorption width varies significantly among color centers due to differences in crystal structures. These findings underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate material platform for developing quantum registers based on high-spin color centers in quantum information systems.

This review considers the recent investigations in the scope of biodegradability of synthetic polymers, spanning polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and their corresponding composites, with a focus on the influence of oxo-additives (mostly transition metal salts). The types of oxo-additives and the mechanisms of oxidation acceleration are discussed. Furthermore, the influence of oxo-additives on both physicochemical and biological stages of degradation is evaluated (laboratory and field experiments with microorganisms/fungi action) with recent standards suggested for degradation estimation. Comparisons of the metal salts are given with respect to catalysis, as well as the synergetic influence of additives. The additives presented on the commercial market are also discussed.

The properties of a superconducting spin valve Fe1/Cu/Fe2/Cu/Pb on a piezoelectric PMN–PT substrate ([Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7–[PbTiO3]0.3) in electric and magnetic fields have been studied. The magnitude of the shift of the superconducting transition temperature in the magnetic field H = 1 kOe equal to 150 mK was detected, while the full superconducting spin valve effect was demonstrated. Abnormal behavior of the superconducting transition temperature was observed, which manifests itself in the maximum values of the superconducting transition temperature with the orthogonal orientation of the magnetization vectors of ferromagnetic layers. This may indirectly indicate the formation of the easy axis of the magnetization vector of the Fe1-layer adjacent to the piezoelectric substrate PMN–PT. It was found that with an increase in the magnitude of the applied electric field to the PMN–PT substrate, the shift in the superconducting transition temperature of the Fe1/Cu/Fe2/Cu/Pb heterostructure increases. The maximum shift was 10 mK in an electric field of 1 kV/cm. Thus, it has been shown for the first time that a piezoelectric superconducting spin valve can function.

Magneto-electric coupling is a desirable property for a material used in modern electronic devices to possess due to the favorable possibilities of tuning the electronic properties using a magnetic field and vice versa. However, such materials are rare in nature. That is why the so-called superlattice approach to creating such materials is receiving so much attention. In the superlattice approach, the functionality of a combined heterostructure depends on the interacting components and can be adjusted depending on the desired property. In the present paper, we present supercells of ferromagnetic thin films of Fe and Co deposited on ferroelectric and piezoelectric substrates of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 that exhibit magnetism, ferroelectric polarization and piezoelectric effects. Within the structures under investigation, magnetic moments can be tuned by an external electric field via the ferroelectric dipoles. We investigate the effect of magnetoelectric coupling by means of ab initio spin-polarized and spin–orbit calculations. We study the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of heterostructures, and show that electrostriction can reduce the magnitude of the magnetization vector of a ferromagnet. This approach can become the basis for controlling the properties of one of the ferromagnetic layers of a superconducting spin valve, and thus the superconducting properties of the valve.

High-spin defects (color centers) in wide-gap semiconductors are considered as a basis for the implementation of quantum technologies due to the unique combination of their spin, optical, charge, and coherent properties. A silicon carbide (SiC) crystal can act as a matrix for a wide variety of optically active vacancy-type defects, which manifest themselves as single-photon sources or spin qubits. Among the defects, the nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV) are of particular importance. This paper is devoted to the application of the photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques at a high-frequency range (94 GHz) to obtain unique information about the nature and properties of NV defects in SiC crystal of the hexagonal 4H and 6H polytypes. Selective excitation by microwave and radio frequency pulses makes it possible to determine the microscopic structure of the color center, the zero-field splitting constant (D = 1.2–1.3 GHz), the phase coherence time (T2), and the values of hyperfine (≈1.1 MHz) and quadrupole (Cq ≈ 2.45 MHz) interactions and to define the isotropic (a = −1.2 MHz) and anisotropic (b = 10–20 kHz) contributions of the electron–nuclear interaction. The obtained data are essential for the implementation of the NV defects in SiC as quantum registers, enabling the optical initialization of the electron spin to establish spin–photon interfaces. Moreover, the combination of optical, microwave, and radio frequency resonant effects on spin centers within a SiC crystal shows the potential for employing pulse EPR and ENDOR sequences to implement protocols for quantum computing algorithms and gates.

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-based materials, such as β-Ca3(PO4)2 doped with rare earth ions (RE), have shown applications as biomaterials, lighting emitting materials, scintillating materials, in vivo imaging probes, and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Their properties are found to be dependent on the distribution of RE3+ on Ca2+ sites that can be controlled by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin echo envelop modulation (ESEEM) experiments. The main spectroscopic parameters (spin Hamiltonian values) of Gd3+ and nitrogen impurity centers are quantitatively determined (g-factor, the fine structure parameters D and E, the hyperfine constants A) as well as dynamic characteristics: spin–lattice T1 and spin–spin T2 relaxation times. Based on the analysis of the EPR datasets, the interatomic distance between Gd3+ and 31P was estimated in the dipole–dipole approximation. Two structurally nonequivalent Gd3+ positions in the β-TCP structure have been identified. The obtained valuable results demonstrate applicability of modern EPR techniques to characterize Gd-TCP systems despite the powder structure of the material and high electron spin S = 7/2 of Gd3+ ions.

Powders of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, Ca3PO4) doped with manganese (Mn2+) are comprehensively analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques. The modeling of the spectra permitted to calculate the values of zero-field splitting (B20 = −904 MHz; B40 = −1.41 MHz and B43 = 195.2 MHz) and explain the origin of the low-field hyperfine structures as the allowed spin transitions of fine structure. Three structurally inequivalent positions for Mn2+ in the β-TCP crystal lattice are identified and their g-factors and hyperfine constants are quantified. The obtained results can serve as fundamental background to the study of structurally disordered matrices with high spin (S ≥ 1) impurities which are important for catalytic systems.

Addressing periprosthetic infections, which present significant healing challenges that often require revision surgeries, necessitates the development of novel antibacterial materials and implants. Current research focuses on creating materials that hinder bacterial adhesion, colonization, and proliferation in surrounding tissues. Boron (B)-containing compounds are known for their antibacterial properties and potential in bone metabolism for regenerative medicine. In this study, we synthesized B-containing tricalcium phosphate (0.3B-TCP) with 1.1 wt.% B content via precipitation from aqueous solutions and sintering at 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction confirmed the ceramic’s primary crystalline phase as β-TCP, with B evenly distributed according to energy-dispersive spectroscopy data. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data verified stable paramagnetic borate anions, indicating successful BO33− substitution for phosphate groups. The microstructural properties of 0.3B-TCP ceramic were assessed before and after soaking in a saline solution. Its bending strength was approximately 30 MPa, and its porosity was about 33%. 0.3B-TCP ceramic demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against various bacterial strains and a fungus. Cytotoxicity evaluation using equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenic differentiation assessment were conducted. The combination of antibacterial efficacy and good cytocompatibility suggests 0.3B-TCP ceramic as a promising bone substitute material.

Статья посвящена проблеме сохранения объекта культурного наследия федерального значения – московской Радио-башни. Отмечено, что предметом охраны памятника являются объёмно-пространственная композиция и уникальное конструктивное решение В.Г. Шухова. Приведены сведения о выполненных после возведения башни реконструкциях и обследованиях. За более чем столетнюю эксплуатацию в элементах и узлах образовались коррозионные повреждения, которые привели башню в аварийное состояние. В 2016 году для реализации противоаварийных мероприятий была возведена внутренняя дополнительная опора, предназначенная для недопущения необратимых деформаций башни в случае отказа отдельных элементов. Отмечено, что противоаварийная опора исключает возможность внезапного разрушения сооружения, но при этом металлические конструкции остаются в аварийном состоянии. Результаты обследования 2022 года подтвердили аварийность узлов и элементов Радио-башни, показали ускорение коррозионных процессов. Проведённые лабораторные исследования доказали несвариваемость и хладоломкость стали, неоднородность её химических и прочностных параметров. В 2023 году начата разработка проектной документации по ликвидации аварийного состояния и воссозданию первоначального облика башни с максимально возможным сохранением оригинальных элементов. На основании анализа конструктивных особенностей башни и результатов обследований разработаны рекомендации для выполнения проектной документации по восстановлению сооружения.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) stores defensive compounds in glands covering its leaves and other tissues. The density and the chemical filling of these glands increase systematically in developing leaves in response to herbivory on older leaves. Cotton seedlings are known to respond more strongly to actual caterpillar herbivory than to mere physical damage. It is not clear whether this amplified response is linked to insect-derived elicitors or difference in damage properties. To investigate this, we assessed the effect of repeated artificial damage without and with application of regurgitant from Spodoptera exigua caterpillars. Repeated mechanical damage led to a systemic increase of gland density, gland size, and content of defensive terpenes, with no detectable additional elicitation upon regurgitant treatment. Dual choice feeding assays further showed that defense induction triggered by just physical damage made newly developing leaves far less palatable to S. exigua larvae as compared to leaves from undamaged seedlings, whereas they did not distinguish between leaves from damaged plants treated with or without regurgitant. Our study confirms that the systemic induction of cotton glands is an unspecific response to physical damage, although cotton is known to respond to caterpillar-associated elicitors for other defensive traits. Cotton glands induction can be readily visualized under modest magnification, making the experiments described in this study highly suited to teach chemical ecology and aspects of plant defense theory in practical classes.

The coexistence of competing species is a long-lasting puzzle in evolutionary ecology research. Despite abundant experimental evidence showing that the opportunity for coexistence decreases as niche overlap increases between species, bacterial species and strains competing for the same resources are commonly found across diverse spatially heterogeneous habitats. We thus hypothesized that the spatial scale of competition may play a key role in determining bacterial coexistence, and interact with other mechanisms that promote coexistence, including a growth–motility trade-off. To test this hypothesis, we let two Pseudomonas putida strains compete at local and regional scales by inoculating them either in a mixed droplet or in separate droplets in the same Petri dish, respectively. We also created conditions that allow the bacterial strains to disperse across abiotic or fungal hyphae networks. We found that competition at the local scale led to competitive exclusion while regional competition promoted coexistence. When competing in the presence of dispersal networks, the growth–motility trade-off promoted coexistence only when the strains were inoculated in separate droplets. Our results provide a mechanism by which existing laboratory data suggesting competitive exclusion at a local scale is reconciled with the widespread coexistence of competing bacterial strains in complex natural environments with dispersal.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in primary care are a promising target for antibiotic stewardship. A clinical trial in Switzerland showed a large decrease in antibiotic prescriptions with procalcitonin guidance (cut-off < 0.25 µg/L) compared with usual care. However, one-third of patients with low procalcitonin at baseline received antibiotics by day 28. Aim: To explore the factors associated with the overruling of initial procalcitonin guidance. Design and Setting: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomized trial in which patients with an LRTI were included. Method: Using the characteristics of patients, their disease, and general practitioners (GPs), we conducted a multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for clustering. Results: Ninety-five out of 301 (32%) patients with low procalcitonin received antibiotics by day 28. Factors associated with an overruling of procalcitonin guidance were: a history of chest pain (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.17); a prescription of chest X-ray by the GP (aOR 4.65, 2.32–9.34); a C-reactive protein measured retrospectively above 100 mg/L (aOR 7.48, 2.34–23.93, reference ≤ 20 mg/L); the location of the GP practice in an urban setting (aOR 2.27, 1.18–4.37); and the GP’s number of years of experience (aOR per year 1.05, 1.01–1.09). Conclusions: Overruling of procalcitonin guidance was associated with GPs’ socio-demographic characteristics, pointing to the general behavioral problem of overprescription by physicians. Continuous medical education and communication training might support the successful implementation of procalcitonin point-of-care tests aimed at antibiotic stewardship.

Petroleum asphaltenes are considered the most irritating components of various oil systems, complicating the extraction, transportation, and processing of hydrocarbons. Despite the fact that the paramagnetic properties of asphaltenes and their aggregates have been studied since the 1950s, there is still no clear understanding of the structure of stable paramagnetic centers in petroleum systems. The paper considers the possibilities of various electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques to study petroleum asphaltenes and their solubility fractions using a carbon-centered stable free radical (FR) as an intrinsic probe. The dilution of asphaltenes with deuterated toluene made it possible to refine the change in the structure at the initial stage of asphaltene disaggregation. From the measurements of samples of bitumen, a planar circumcoronene-like model of FR structure and FR-centered asphaltenes is proposed. The results show that EPR-based approaches can serve as sensitive numerical tools to follow asphaltenes’ structure and their disaggregation.

The study of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/LaMnO3/Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 heterostructures on a MgO substrate with Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ferroelectric films revealed the occurrence of a metallic character of the temperature behavior of the resistance at a temperature less than 175 K. This behavior is associated with an increased charge concentration at the interface due to a discontinuity in the ferroelectric polarization at the interface between the films. At these temperatures, the effect of negative photoconductivity is observed under uniform illumination with the light of a selected spectral composition event on the surface of the ferroelectric film. The combined exposure to green and infrared light led to an addition of the effects. As a result, a cumulative effect was observed. The effect of metallic conductivity is due to the discontinuity of ferroelectric polarization. Therefore, we explain that the partial screening of the ferroelectric polarization by photogenerated charge carriers causes a reduction in the carrier concentration at the interface. Measurements in the Kelvin mode of atomic force microscopy showed that illumination influences the surface charge concentration in a similar way; this observation confirms our hypothesis.

Background: HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV are alpha Herpesviruses, neurotropic viruses that are associated with various neurologic complications upon primary infection or reactivation. Cases of myelitis and radiculomyelitis are rare and appropriate etiologic diagnoses can be tricky. Case presentation: Here we describe the case of a young immunocompetent woman who developed painful and extended vesicular genital lesions, with subsequent radiculomyelitis. HSV-1/-2 PCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid were misleadingly negative, whereas HHV-6 PCR was positive. Positive anti-HSV-2 IgM and IgG in serum was consistent with HSV-2 primary infection. On the other hand, the detection of HHV-6 DNA was explained by inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6. The clinical course was favorable with high-dose IV acyclovir and corticosteroids. Conclusion: HSV-2-related radiculomyelitis is a rare clinical entity, which can be difficult to diagnose. In this case report, the causative virus was not detected in the patient’s CSF, whereas HHV-6 DNA, non-pathogenic in this situation, was paradoxically positive. The diagnosis was based on the clinical features typical for HSV-2 primary infection, confirmed by the serology results. The delay between the genital lesions and the appearance of the radiculomyelitis, along with the absence of HSV-2 detection in the CSF, suggests a possible immuno-mediated physiopathological process. As for the HHV-6 DNA detection in the patient’s CSF, it was explained by inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6. This case illustrates how both negative and positive clinical virology results need careful interpretation according to the clinical findings.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the electron–nuclear interactions of the vanadyl-porphyrin (VP) complexes in oil asphaltenes. Asphaltenes from the Athabasca oil sands were studied by HYperfine Sublevel CORrelation Spectroscopy (HYSCORE) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It makes it possible to resolve and interpret complex hyperfine spectra of intrinsic VP with strong and weak hyperfine interactions between the electron magnetic moment and various nuclear spins (1H, 14N, 51V). The main parameters of spin-Hamiltonian for the VP spin system are determined. The axially symmetric structure of the VP complexes is revealed, and the local nuclear environment of the paramagnetic center is investigated. The results can be used for the study of asphaltene electron–nuclear structure and asphaltene aggregates with the aim of elucidating asphaltenes’ transformation(s) under the influence of external treatment.

Abstract Background Although the incidence of dengue across Africa is high, severe dengue is reported infrequently. We describe the clinical features and the outcome of dengue according to raceduring an outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania that occurred in both native and expatriate populations. Methods Adults with confirmed dengue (NS1 and/or IgM on rapid diagnostic test and/or PCR positive) were included between December 2013 and July 2014 in outpatient clinics. Seven-day outcome was assessed by a visit or a call. Association between black race and clinical presentation, including warning signs, was assessed by logistic regression adjusted for age, malaria coinfection, secondary dengue and duration of symptoms at inclusion. The independent association between demographic and comorbidities characteristics of the patients and severe dengue was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression that included potential confounders. Results After exclusion of 3 patients of mixed race, 431 patients with dengue (serotype 2, genotype Cosmopolitan) were included: 241 of black and 190 of non-black race. Black patients were younger (median age 30 versus 41 years; p

Asian dust storms can increase the level of atmospheric pollution over regions downwind of dust storms and may have adverse health effects on residents along the sandstorm transmission route. This study was the first to report the concentration levels, properties and possible sources of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and oxidative potential in atmospheric PM2.5 at the three sites of Erenhot, Zhangbei, and Jinan along the transport route of Asian dust storms during the occurrence of Asian dust storms in the spring of 2016. Under non-sandstorm weather conditions, the average EPFR concentrations at the three sites were Zhangbei>Jinan>Erenhot, while the PM-induced oxidative potential levels were Erenhot>Jinan>Zhangbei. The PM2.5 concentration increased significantly during dust storm events, and the total atmospheric concentration of EPFRs (spins/m3) and total oxidation potential (a.u./m3) of PM2.5 simultaneously increased. However, the EPFR concentration in PM2.5 (spins/g) and the unit mass of the PM oxidation potential (a.u./g) were significantly reduced. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis combined with backward trajectory analysis and MODIS products showed that Asian dust storms can carry EPFRs over long distances. Correlation analysis showed that the atmospheric concentrations of EPFRs were positively correlated with elemental carbon (EC) for the Zhangbei and Jinan samples but were not significantly correlated with EC for the Erenhot samples, indicating that combustion may be an important source of EPFRs for the Zhangbei and Jinan samples. In contrast, the EPFRs in the Erenhot samples were more affected by dust/sand. The EPFR concentration levels showed a significant positive correlation with the oxidation potentials for the Erenhot and Zhangbei samples and showed negative correlations for the Jinan samples, suggesting that the EPFRs in the Erenhot and Zhangbei samples may provide an important contribution to the oxidative stress in PM2.5. In contrast, the oxidation potential for the Jinan samples was mainly caused by substances other than EPFRs. This study presents a basic understanding of the potential health effects of Asian dust storms, and this information can be used to assess the health risks of Asian dust storms in future studies. Keywords: Asian dust storms, EPFRs, Oxidative potential, Transport, Source

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients can be of concern due to the patients’ depressed immune status, but few data are available about the significance of a pre-transplant positive testing. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed a cohort of patients that were transplanted between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2019 in the Geneva University Hospitals with at least one RVI before or after transplantation. At least one RVI was detected in 319/533 (63.5%) transplanted patients. Rhinoviruses were most frequently identified (37%), followed by human coronaviruses (17.1%), parainfluenza viruses (13.9%), and influenza viruses (9.9%). First infection in the post-transplant period occurred at a mean time of 334 days (SD 338). Specific analysis of a subgroup of 65 patients with pre-transplant RVIs was performed. Among them, 39 (59%) patients had symptoms and 14 (21.2%) had a lower respiratory tract infection. Four patients (6.1%) (three rhinovirus and one influenza) needed an intensive care unit admission, of which, three (4.5%) (two rhinovirus and one influenza) were intubated. The patient with influenza infection diagnosed the day of the transplantation died within the first 30 days of the infection. Two patients with rhinovirus infection died within 3 months of unrelated causes. Our data show that rhinovirus infections are predominant in allo-HSCT patients, including among pre-transplant infections; however, mortality due to pre-transplant RVI is low and was only clearly identified in one patient with influenza infection. RVI within the month preceding allo-HSCT is not associated with direct morbidity or mortality in this cohort.

Abstract Objective Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Bangladesh. Rehabilitation services have not yet been integrated into the Bangladesh health system. Only a few non-governmental organisations provide rehabilitation for stroke patients. The demographic profile of these patients has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the socio-demographic data, risk factors, place of primary management and cost of stroke for those who attended rehabilitation at the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 103 conveniently selected stroke patients who attended CRP between December 2015 and May 2016. Results The mean age of the participants was 49 years. The majority (68%) originated from urban areas. About 85% of the patients had a history of hypertension prior to their stroke. Following the stroke, most patients received their initial treatment in a general clinic or hospital by registered physicians. Only 22% of the patients were advised to pursue follow-up rehabilitation services by their physicians. All patients interviewed in the survey received unpaid full-time care from their family members. The reported cost of rehabilitation was approximately US $328 per month per patient.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) tingkat hasil belajar IPA peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Suli yang diajar dengan pembelajaran IPA terpadu model connected ( Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran IPA terpadu model connected. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran IPA terpadu model connected sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sampel penelitan ini adalah kelas VII1 dengan jumlah 27 orang. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan memberikan tes hasil belajar pada materi pencemaran lingkungan berupa pretest dan posttest. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa soal pilihan ganda yang berjumlah 20 item yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan nilai rata-rata N-gain hasil belajar peserta didik adalah 0,6 yang berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase 52% kategori tinggi dan 48% kategori sedang, 0% kategori rendah. Selanjutnya dilihat dari ketuntasan hasil belajar ditemukan bahwa persentase jumlah peserta didik yang nilainya di atas KKM adalah 81,4%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA Terpadu Model Connected dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of substances that are of general concern in terms of human health and are used to represent the oxidation potential (OP) of the atmosphere. In this study, the ROS levels in 116 daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples taken over Xi'an in 2017 were measured with the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. The sources of DTTv (volume-based DTT consumption) in PM2.5 as well as their contributions were identified by both positive matrix factorization (PMF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) based on the measured chemical species in particulate matter (PM). The results showed that the yearly average DTTv over Xi’an was 0.53 nmol/min/m3 (0.19–1.10 nmol/min/m3). The highest DTTv level occurred in winter, followed by spring, summer and autumn. DTTv was the most strongly correlated with the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC; r = 0.85), but the effects of WSOC on DTTv were very limited. SO2, NO2, CO, elemental carbon (EC) and K+ (r > 0.64) had moderate correlations with DTTv and were moderately related to environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) (r = 0.56). The linear mixed-effects model showed that pollutants originating from incomplete combustion had greater effects on DTTv than those from complete combustion. Source apportionment results from PMF showed that motor vehicle emissions (27.4%), secondary sulfates (21.6%) and coal combustion sources (18.8%) were more important contributors to the DTTv in PM2.5 than dust sources (8.4%), metal processing (4.9%), industrial emissions (11.3%) and secondary nitrates (7.5%). The PMF results for the DTTv were consistent with the MLR results, which verified that both PMF and MLR are feasible methods for source apportionment of PM2.5 as well as specific species such as ROS and EPFRs. Backward trajectory clusters showed that the dominant cluster groups were local and regional transport, while the OP of the PM2.5 over Xi’an was affected more by long-range transport than by local transport. As stated above, the improvement of atmospheric oxidation potential require not only regional efforts but also large-scale joint cooperation. Furthermore, this study on the OP of PM as well as the specific source information provides important guidance for health effect research. Keywords: PM2.5, Source apportionment, DTT, PMF, MLR

The aim of the research is to determine the phytocenotic features of estuary meadows of the northwestern part of the Caspian lowland for rational regulations development of their use. Material and Method: the materials on the state of natural estuaries of Volgograd region, accumulated as a result of their regular observation in the system of monitoring conducted by scientists of VNIIOZ since 1972 were used. The method of landscape-ecological profiling of estuary areas within the geographical borders of the north-west of the Caspian lowland was applied. On large deeply cut estuaries with a difference of marks between the contact zone of meadow and steppe vegetation to the lower ones in the central tiers within 1.0–1.6 m, the transect-catenary method with cenoses phytoindication, the boundaries between them was used and the yield of grass stands in the phase of bluegrass hay ripening was determined. Results: according to the flooding parameter, three categories of meadows are distinguished – flood-free and meadows with short-term, medium-term, long-term period of flooding. In turn, meadows with mid-term flooding period are divided into four groups: meadows with signs of xerophytization, greening, hydrophytization, and halophytization. Meadows with long-term flooding period were divided into waterlogged and boggy meadows. The direction of changes in the soil-reclamation state of estuaries was determined by the presence and composition of indicator plant species. In accordance with the accepted evaluation criteria estuary meadows are divided into four categories by the degree of degradation and suitability for further exploitation: the first one includes meadows retaining the potential of coenopopulations, the second one includes meadows of medium degree of phytocenoses degradation, the third one includes meadows with deep deformation of phytocenoses, and the fourth one includes meadows totally degraded in the state of the irrigation network, the degree of soil salinization and the deformation of the indigenous phytocenoses. Conclusion: the ecological and reclamative state of estuaries determines the forms (intensive, semi-intensive, extensive) and the modes of their use taking into account the response of phytocenoses to various species and the degree of anthropogenic load.

# Background Strokes result in devastating consequences to both the survivors and caregivers, therefore it is important that it is appropriately managed and caregivers are well supported. In order to do this effectively, we need a better understanding of the challenges faced by stroke survivors and their caregivers, in a country with limited provisions for rehabilitation. Our aim was to explore the experiences of stroke survivors and their caregivers' 1-year post discharge from stroke rehabilitation in Bangladesh. # Methods Twenty stroke survivors and their caregivers were selected for our qualitative, single-centred study. Participants were chosen using a convenience sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data during face-to-face interviews. Six themes were deciphered following analysis of the data collected. # Results There was a low return to work rate and poor awareness of stroke and its risk factors. There was no provision of rehabilitation whilst in hospital or at home and a lack of advice on how to access rehabilitation after hospital. Stroke survivors and caregivers\' experienced physical, social and emotional wellbeing challenges. # Conclusions Schemes to increase the awareness of stroke and its risk factors are needed to reduce the incidence of stroke. Earlier access to rehabilitation and ongoing support and training through implementation of a stroke pathway may improve outcomes for stroke survivors and caregivers. Future research should investigate the challenges of returning to work and the experiences of stroke survivors and caregivers who did not receive rehabilitation.

Рассматриваются проблемы сохранения объекта культур­ного наследия «Листопрокатный цех Нижне-Выксунского завода» (АО «ВМЗ»), выполненного по проекту выдающегося русского учёного и инженера В.Г. Шухова, его перемещения в центральную часть города Выксы и дальнейшей реставрации. В статье приведена история создания и эксплуатации листо­прокатного цеха, материалы ранее проведённых обследова­ний, результаты комплексного научного исследованияи 2018 года, включающего натурное обследование, при выполнении которого были зафиксированы многочисленные дефекты и повреждения металлических конструкций, наиболее опасные из которых - щелевая коррозия в узлах сопряжений элемен­тов, глубокая язвенной коррозия элементов арок и фахвер­ковых стоек в приопорной зоне, а также сквозная коррозия элементов покрытия. Представлены результаты проверочных расчётов, которые показали, что прочность и устойчивость цеха («Шуховского пролёта») даже с учётом удаления из расчётной схемы сильно повреждённых узлов и участков эле­ментов конструкций здания цеха, достаточна для восприятия действующих на момент обследования нагрузок, а количество повреждённых конструкций листопрокатного цеха, требую­щих восстановления или замены, будет незначительным и не повлияет на культурно-историческую ценность здания. Для восприятия дополнительных усилий от снеговой нагрузки (в случае, если бы кровельное покрытие в настоящее время было сохранено) потребовалось бы заменить большую часть элементов каркаса цеха либо установить дополнительные опоры, что недопустимо при реставрации объекта культурного наследия. В статье приведены рекомендации по разборке, реставрации элементов перемещаемого в центральную часть города Выксы сооружения методом лазерной наплавки и последующей их сборке, которые позволят сохранить этот уникальный памятник архитектуры и инженерной мысли.

This article presents the results of a study of radiation-induced defects in various synthetic calcium phosphate (CP) powder materials (hydroxyapatite—HA and octacalcium phosphate—OCP) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at the X, Q, and W-bands (9, 34, 95 GHz for the microwave frequencies, respectively). Currently, CP materials are widely used in orthopedics and dentistry owing to their high biocompatibility and physico-chemical similarity with human hard tissue. It is shown that in addition to the classical EPR techniques, other experimental approaches such as ELDOR-detected NMR (EDNMR), electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM), and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) can be used to analyze the electron–nuclear interactions of CP powders. We demonstrated that the value and angular dependence of the quadrupole interaction for 14N nuclei of a nitrate radical can be determined by the EDNMR method at room temperature. The ESEEM technique has allowed for a rapid analysis of the nuclear environment and estimation of the structural positions of radiation-induced centers in various crystal matrices. ENDOR spectra can provide information about the distribution of the nitrate radicals in the OCP structure.