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11 results on '"Mark Little"'

1. Escaping the benthos with Coral Reef Arks: effects on coral translocation and fish biomass

Author

Jessica Carilli, Jason Baer, Jenna Marie Aquino, Mark Little, Bart Chadwick, Forest Rohwer, Gunther Rosen, Anneke van der Geer, Andrés Sánchez-Quinto, Ashton Ballard, and Aaron C. Hartmann

Subjects
Coral reefs, Coral restoration, Coral mitigation, Coral reef fish, Artificial reefs, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Anthropogenic stressors like overfishing, land based runoff, and increasing temperatures cause the degradation of coral reefs, leading to the loss of corals and other calcifiers, increases in competitive fleshy algae, and increases in microbial pathogen abundance and hypoxia. To test the hypothesis that corals would be healthier by moving them off the benthos, a common garden experiment was conducted in which corals were translocated to midwater geodesic spheres (hereafter called Coral Reef Arks or Arks). Coral fragments translocated to the Arks survived significantly longer than equivalent coral fragments translocated to Control sites (i.e., benthos at the same depth). Over time, average living coral surface area and volume were higher on the Arks than the Control sites. The abundance and biomass of fish were also generally higher on the Arks compared to the Control sites, with more piscivorous fish on the Arks. The addition of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS), which served as habitat for sessile and motile reef-associated organisms, also generally significantly increased fish associated with the Arks. Overall, the Arks increased translocated coral survivorship and growth, and exhibited knock-on effects such as higher fish abundance.

Published
2024
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2. Targeted augmented reality-guided transperineal prostate biopsies study: initial experience

Author

Shenthiuiyan Theivendrampillai, Bob Yang, Mark Little, and Christopher Blick

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Background: Transperineal biopsy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected prostate lesions is now the established technique used in prostate cancer (CaP) diagnostics. Virtual Surgery Intelligence (VSI) Holomedicine by Apoqlar (Hamburg, Germany) is a mixed reality (MR)/augmented reality (AR) software platform that runs on the HoloLens II system (Microsoft, Redford, USA). Multiparametric prostate MRI images were converted into 3D holograms and added into a MR space, enabling visualization of a 3D hologram and image-assisted prostate biopsy. Objective: The Targeted Augmented Reality-GuidEd Transperineal (TARGET) study investigated the feasibility of performing AR-guided prostate biopsies in a MR framework, using the VSI platform in patients with MRI-detected prostate lesions. Methods: Ten patients with a clinical suspicion of CaP on MRI (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System, PI-RADS 4/5) were uploaded to the VSI HoloLens system. Two MR/AR-guided prostate biopsies were then acquired using the PrecisionPoint Freehand transperineal biopsy system. Cognitive fusion biopsies were performed as standard of care following the MR/AR-guided prostate biopsies. Results: All 10 patients successfully underwent MR/AR-guided prostate biopsy after 3D MR images were overlaid on the patient’s body. Prostatic tissue was obtained in all MR/AR-guided specimens. Seven patients (70%) had matching histology in both the standard and MR/AR-guided biopsies. The remaining three had ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) Grade 2 CaP. There were no immediate complications. Conclusion: We believe this is a world first. The initial feasibility data from the TARGET study demonstrated that an MR/AR-guided prostate biopsy utilizing the VSI Holomedicine system is a viable option in CaP diagnostics. The next stage in development is to combine AR images with real-time needle insertion and to provide further data to formally appraise the sensitivity and specificity of the technique.

Published
2024
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3. Viral predation pressure on coral reefs

Author

Cynthia B. Silveira, Antoni Luque, Andreas F. Haas, Ty N. F. Roach, Emma E. George, Ben Knowles, Mark Little, Christopher J. Sullivan, Natascha S. Varona, Linda Wegley Kelly, Russel Brainard, Forest Rohwer, and Barbara Bailey

Subjects
Bacteriophages, Coral cover, Phase-shift, Microbialization, Fish biomass, Benthic cover, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Predation pressure and herbivory exert cascading effects on coral reef health and stability. However, the extent of these cascading effects can vary considerably across space and time. This variability is likely a result of the complex interactions between coral reefs’ biotic and abiotic dimensions. A major biological component that has been poorly integrated into the reefs' trophic studies is the microbial community, despite its role in coral death and bleaching susceptibility. Viruses that infect bacteria can control microbial densities and may positively affect coral health by controlling microbialization. We hypothesize that viral predation of bacteria has analogous effects to the top-down pressure of macroorganisms on the trophic structure and reef health. Results Here, we investigated the relationships between live coral cover and viruses, bacteria, benthic algae, fish biomass, and water chemistry in 110 reefs spanning inhabited and uninhabited islands and atolls across the Pacific Ocean. Statistical learning showed that the abundance of turf algae, viruses, and bacteria, in that order, were the variables best predicting the variance in coral cover. While fish biomass was not a strong predictor of coral cover, the relationship between fish and corals became apparent when analyzed in the context of viral predation: high coral cover (> 50%) occurred on reefs with a combination of high predator fish biomass (sum of sharks and piscivores > 200 g m−2) and high virus-to-bacteria ratios (> 10), an indicator of viral predation pressure. However, these relationships were non-linear, with reefs at the higher and lower ends of the coral cover continuum displaying a narrow combination of abiotic and biotic variables, while reefs at intermediate coral cover showed a wider range of parameter combinations. Conclusions The results presented here support the hypothesis that viral predation of bacteria is associated with high coral cover and, thus, coral health and stability. We propose that combined predation pressures from fishes and viruses control energy fluxes, inhibiting the detrimental accumulation of ecosystem energy in the microbial food web.

Published
2023
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4. The Incidence of Infection Complicating Snakebites in Tropical Australia: Implications for Clinical Management and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis

Author

Laura K. Smith, John Vardanega, Simon Smith, Julian White, Mark Little, and Josh Hanson

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Objective. To define the incidence of infection following snakebite in tropical Australia and the resulting implications for the routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics. Methods. A retrospective study of all individuals presenting to Cairns Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia, after a snakebite between December 2013 and October 2020. Results. There were 732 hospitalisations, 720 (98.4%) patients presented within 8 hours of the snakebite, and 29/732 (4.0%) were envenomated. Envenomated patients were more likely to receive empirical antibiotics than nonenvenomated patients (8/29 (27.6%) versus 14/703 (2.0%), p

Published
2023
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5. Applying Tissue Separation and Untargeted Metabolomics to Understanding Lipid Saturation Kinetics of Host Mitochondria and Symbiotic Algae in Corals Under High Temperature Stress

Author

Andrea Gamba, Daniel Petras, Mark Little, Brandie White, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Forest Rohwer, Rachel A. Foster, and Aaron C. Hartmann

Subjects
untargeted metabolomics, homeoviscous adaptation, molecular networking, coral, LC-MS/MS, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for profiling the biochemical phenotypes of organisms and discovering new metabolites that drive biological function and might be exploited as pharmaceutical leads. Yet, connecting physiological processes to metabolites detected remains a challenge due to the lack of structural and activity annotations and the underlying complexity of mixed samples (e.g., multiple microorganisms, organelles, etc.). To simplify this biological complexity, we separated coral holobionts into host mitochondria and their algal symbionts prior to LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis followed by molecular networking. We found distinct metabolomic profiles between tissue fractions. Notably, 14% of metabolites detected were only observed in the mitochondria and algal symbionts, not in the holobiont, and thus were masked when the bulk (holobiont) sample was analyzed. The utility of tissue separation for hypothesis testing was assessed using a simple temperature experiment. We tested the hypothesis that membrane lipids of the coral mitochondria and algal symbionts become more saturated at higher temperatures to maintain membrane rigidity. While the holobiont metabolite profiles showed little change in response to elevated temperature, there was a change in lipid saturation of both fractions through time. The fatty acid saturation of both the coral mitochondria and the algal symbionts shifted upon exposure to higher temperatures (1 h) then returned to ambient saturation levels by 4 h, indicating rapid acclimatization to warmer water. Surprisingly, the fractions deviated in opposite directions: during the first hour of the experiment, the mitochondria showed an increase in saturated lipid concentrations, while the algal symbionts showed an increase in unsaturated lipids. Partitioning the holobiont prior to untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed disparate responses to environmental stress that would have gone undetected if only the holobiont/bulk tissue was analyzed. This work illustrates rapid physiological acclimatization to environmental changes in specific host organelles and symbionts, though via different paths.

Published
2022
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6. Study protocol for the St James's Hospital, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Allied Researchers' (STTAR) Bioresource for COVID-19 [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, Laura O'Doherty, Nicole Wood, Stuart Hendricken Phelan, Jacklyn Sui, Sorcha O'Brien, Fergal Howley, Cian Mangan, Noor Adeebah Mohamed Razif, Siobhan O'Regan, Ruth Argue, Ciara Conlan, Adam Dyer, Samuel Holohan, Roman Romero-Ortuno, Liam Townsend, Fara Salleh, Colm Kerr, Gerard Hughes, Alberto Sanz, Derval Reidy, Andrea Kelly, Emma Connolly, Siobhan Gargan, Conor Reddy, Heike Hawerkamp, Eamon Breen, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Jean Dunne, Aideen Long, Anne Marie McLaughlin, Padraic Fallon, Orla Shiels, Ciaran Bannan, Martina Hennessy, Ana Rakovac, Anna Rose Prior, Ross McManus, William McCormack, Colm Bergin, Seamus Donnelly, Mark Little, Emma Leacy, and Niall Conlon

Subjects
COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, biobank, clinical research, long covid, eng, Medicine
Abstract

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Ireland with the first confirmed positive case in March 2020. In the early stages of the pandemic clinicians and researchers in two affiliated Dublin hospitals identified the need for a COVID-19 biobanking initiative to support and enhance research into the disease. Through large scale analysis of clinical, regional, and genetic characteristics of COVID-19 patients, biobanks have helped identify, and so protect, at risk patient groups The STTAR Bioresource has been created to collect and store data and linked biological samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy and disease controls. Aim: The primary objective of this study is to build a biobank, to understand the clinical characteristics and natural history of COVID-19 infection with the long-term goal of research into improved disease understanding, diagnostic tests and treatments. Methods: This is a prospective dual-site cohort study across two tertiary acute university teaching hospitals. Patients are recruited from inpatient wards or outpatient clinics. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection as well as healthy and specific disease control groups are recruited. Biological samples are collected and a case report form detailing demographic and medical background is entered into the bespoke secure online Dendrite database. Impact: The results of this study will be used to inform national and international strategy on health service provision and disease management related to COVID-19. In common with other biobanks, study end points evolve over time as new research questions emerge. They currently include patient survival, occurrence of severe complications of the disease or its therapy, occurrence of persistent symptoms following recovery from the acute illness and vaccine responses.

Published
2022
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7. Three-Dimensional Molecular Cartography of the Caribbean Reef-Building Coral Orbicella faveolata

Author

Mark Little, Emma E. George, Milou G. I. Arts, Jade Shivak, Sean Benler, Joel Huckeba, Zachary A. Quinlan, Vittorio Boscaro, Benjamin Mueller, Ana Georgina Cobián Güemes, Maria Isabel Rojas, Brandie White, Daniel Petras, Cynthia B. Silveira, Andreas F. Haas, Linda Wegley Kelly, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Robert A. Quinn, Patrick J. Keeling, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Forest Rohwer, and Ty N. F. Roach

Subjects
molecular cartography, chemical ecology, microbial ecology and diversity, multi-omics, coral reefs, holobiont, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

All organisms host a diversity of associated viruses, bacteria, and protists, collectively defined as the holobiont. While scientific advancements have enhanced the understanding of the functional roles played by various components of the holobiont, there is a growing need to integrate multiple types of molecular data into spatially and temporally resolved frameworks. To that end, we mapped 16S and 18S rDNA metabarcoding, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomic data onto three-dimensional reconstructions of coral colonies to examine microbial diversity, microbial gene expression, and biochemistry on two colonies of the ecologically important, reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata and their competitors (i.e., adjacent organisms interacting with the corals: fleshy algae, turf algae, hydrozoans, and other corals). Overall, no statistically significant spatial patterns were observed among the samples for any of the data types; instead, strong signatures of the macroorganismal hosts (e.g., coral, algae, hydrozoa) were detected, in the microbiome, the transcriptome, and the metabolome. The 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated higher abundance of Firmicutes in the coral microbiome than in its competitors. A single bacterial amplicon sequence variant from the genus Clostridium was found exclusively in all O. faveolata samples. In contrast to microbial taxa, a portion of the functionally annotated bacterial RNA transcripts (6.86%) and metabolites (1.95%) were ubiquitous in all coral and competitor samples. Machine learning analysis of microbial transcripts revealed elevated T7-like cyanophage-encoded photosystem II transcripts in O. faveolata samples, while sequences involved in bacterial cell division were elevated in turf algal and interface samples. Similar analysis of metabolites revealed that bacterial-produced antimicrobial and antifungal compounds were highly enriched in coral samples. This study provides insight into the spatial and biological patterning of the coral microbiome, transcriptome, and metabolome.

Published
2021
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8. Proceedings of the 23rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: part one

Author

F. De Benedetti, J. Anton, M. Gattorno, H. Lachmann, I. Kone-Paut, S. Ozen, J. Frenkel, A. Simon, A. Zeft, E. Ben-Chetrit, H. M. Hoffman, Y. Joubert, K. Lheritier, A. Speziale, J. Guido, Roberta Caorsi, Federica Penco, Alice Grossi, Antonella Insalaco, Maria Alessio, Giovanni Conti, Federico Marchetti, Alberto Tommasini, Silvana Martino, Romina Gallizzi, Annalisa Salis, Francesca Schena, Francesco Caroli, Alberto Martini, Gianluca Damonte, Isabella Ceccherini, Marco Gattorno, Marie-Louise Frémond, Carolina Uggenti, Lien Van Eyck, Isabelle Melki, Darragh Duffy, Vincent Bondet, Yoann Rose, Bénédicte Neven, Yanick Crow, Mathieu P. Rodero, Yvonne Kusche, Johannes Roth, Katarzyna Barczyk-Kahlert, Giovanna Ferrara, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Silvio Polizzi, Josef Vuch, Diego Vozzi, Anna Mondino, Erica Valencic, Serena Pastore, Andrea Taddio, Flavio Faletra, Umberto Dianzani, Ugo Ramenghi, Qing Zhou, Xiaomin Yu, Erkan Demirkaya, Natalie Deuitch, Deborah Stone, Wanxia Tsai, Amanda Ombrello, Tina Romeo, Elaine F. Remmers, JaeJin Chae, Massimo Gadina, Steven Welch, Seza Ozen, Rezan Topaloglu, Mario Abinun, Daniel L. Kastner, Ivona Aksentijevich, Donatella Vairo, Rosalba Monica Ferraro, Giulia Zani, Jessica Galli, Micaela De Simone, Marco Cattalini, Elisa Fazzi, Silvia Giliani, Ebun Omoyinmi, Ariane Standing, Dorota Rowczenio, Annette Keylock, Sonia Melo Gomes, Fiona Price-Kuehne, Sira Nanthapisal, Claire Murphy, Thomas Cullup, Lucy Jenkins, Kimberly Gilmour, Despina Eleftheriou, Helen Lachmann, Philip Hawkins, Nigel Klein, Paul Brogan, Anita Dhanrajani, Mercedes Chan, Stephanie Pau, Janet Ellsworth, Jaime Guzman, Florence A. Aeschlimann, Marinka Twilt, Simon W. Eng, Shehla Sheikh, Ronald M. Laxer, Diane Hebert, Damien Noone, Christian Pagnoux, Susanne M. Benseler, Rae S. Yeung, Christoph Kessel, Katrin Lippitz, Toni Weinhage, Claas Hinze, Helmut Wittkowski, Dirk Holzinger, Niklas Grün, Dirk Föll, Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Federica Del Chierico, Clara Malattia, Alessandra Russo, Denise Pires Marafon, Nienke M. ter Haar, Silvia Magni-Manzoni, Sebastiaan J. Vastert, Bruno Dallapiccola, Berent Prakken, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Lorenza Putignani, Berna Eren Fidanci, Kenan Barut, Serap Arıcı, Dogan Simsek, Mustafa Cakan, Ezgi D. Batu, Sezgin Şahin, Ayşenur Kısaarslan, Ebru Yilmaz, Özge Basaran, Ferhat Demir, Kubra Ozturk, Zübeyde Gunduz, Betül Sozeri, Balahan Makay, Nuray Ayaz, Onder Yavascan, Ozlem Aydog, Yelda Bilginer, Zelal Ekinci, Dilek Yıldız, Faysal Gök, Muferret Erguven, Erbil Unsal, Ozgur Kasapcopur, For the FMF Arthritis Vasculitis and Orphan Disease Research in Paediatric Rheumatology (FAVOR), Hafize E. Sönmez, Betül Sözeri, Yonatan Butbul, Seza Özen, Claudia Bracaglia, Giusi Prencipe, Manuela Pardeo, Geneviève Lapeyre, Emiliano Marasco, Walter Ferlin, Robert Nelson, Cristina de Min, N. Ruperto, H. I. Brunner, P. Quartier, T. Constantin, E. Alexeeva, K. Marzan, N. Wulffraat, R. Schneider, S. Padeh, V. Chasnyk, C. Wouters, J. B. Kuemmerle-Deschner, T. Kallinich, B. Lauwerys, E. Haddad, E. Nasonov, M. Trachana, O. Vougiouka, K. Leon, E. Vritzali, A. Martini, D. Lovell, PRINTO/PRCSG, Stefano Volpi, Claudia Pastorino, Francesca Kalli, Alessia Omenetti, Sabrina Chiesa, Arinna Bertoni, Paolo Picco, Gilberto Filaci, Elisabetta Traggiai, Marie-Louise Fremond, Naoki Kitabayashi, Olivero Sacco, Isabelle Meyts, Marie-Anne Morren, Carine Wouters, Eric Legius, Isabelle Callebaut, Christine Bodemer, Frederic Rieux-Laucat, Mathieu Rodero, Nadia Jeremiah, Alexandre Belot, Eric Jeziorski, Didier Bessis, Guilhem Cros, Gillian I. Rice, Bruno Charbit, Anne Hulin, Nihel Khoudour, Consuelo Modesto Caballero, Monique Fabre, Laureline Berteloot, Muriel Le Bourgeois, Philippe Reix, Thierry Walzer, Despina Moshous, Stéphane Blanche, Alain Fischer, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, K. Annink, N. ter Haar, S. Al-Mayouf, G. Amaryan, K. Barron, S. Benseler, P. Brogan, L. Cantarini, M. Cattalini, A. Cochino, F. Dedeoglu, A. De Jesus, O. Dellacasa, E. Demirkaya, P. Dolezalova, K. Durrant, G. Fabio, R. Gallizzi, R. Goldbach-Mansky, E. Hachulla, V. Hentgen, T. Herlin, M. Hofer, H. Hoffman, A. Insalaco, A. Jansson, I. Koné-Paut, A. Kozlova, J. Kuemmerle-Deschner, R. Laxer, S. Nielsen, I. Nikishina, A. Ombrello, E. Papadopoulou-Alataki, A. Ravelli, D. Rigante, R. Russo, Y. Uziel, Nienke ter Haar, Jerold Jeyaratnam, Anna Simon, Matteo Doglio, Jordi Anton, Consuelo Modesto, Pierre Quartier, Esther Hoppenreijs, Luca Cantarini, Loredana Lepore, Inmaculada Calvo Penades, Christina Boros, Rita Consolini, Donato Rigante, Ricardo Russo, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Thirusha Lane, Nicolino Ruperto, Joost Frenkel, Chiara Passarelli, Elisa Pisaneschi, Virginia Messia, Antonio Novelli, Fabrizio Debenedetti, P. A. Brogan, X. Wei, Martina Finetti, Francesca Orlando, Elisabetta Cortis, Angela Miniaci, Nicola Ruperto, Charlotte Eijkelboom, Pavla Dolezalova, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Marija Jelusic-Drazic, Liliana Bezrodnik, Mari Carmen Pinedo, Valda Stanevicha, Marielle van Gijn, Silvia Federici, Hermann Girschick, Gerd Ganser, Susan Nielsen, Troels Herlin, Sulaiman Mohammed Al-Mayouf, Michael Hofer, Jasmin Kuemmerle-Deschner, Susanne Schalm, Annette Jansson, on behalf of PRINTO and Eurofever registry, Marta Marchi, Chiara Marini, Angelo Ravelli, Alberto Garaventa, Sonia Carta, Enrica Balza, Patrizia Castellani, Caterina Pellecchia, Silvia Borghini, Maria Libera Trotta, Anna Rubartelli, Andrew Henrey, Thomas Loughin, Roberta Berard, Natalie Shiff, Roman Jurencak, Susanne Benseler, Lori Tucker, on behalf of ReACCh-Out Investigators, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Ying Hong, Petra Krol, Yiannis Ioannou, Clarissa Pilkington, Hema Chaplin, Stephania Simou, Marietta Charakida, Lucy Wedderburn, Lynn R. Spiegel, Sara Ahola Kohut, Jennifer Stinson, Paula Forgeron, Miriam Kaufman, Nadia Luca, Khush Amaria, Mary Bell, J Swart, F. Boris, E. Castagnola, A. Groll, G. Giancane, G. Horneff, H. I. Huppertz, T. Wolfs, E. Alekseeva, V. Panaviene, F. Uettwiller, V. Stanevicha, L. M. Ailioaie, E. Tsitami, S. Kamphuis, G. Susic, F. Sztajnbok, B. Flato, A. Pistorio, Stephanie J. W. Shoop, Suzanne M. M. Verstappen, Janet E. McDonagh, Wendy Thomson, Kimme L. Hyrich, CAPS, Maarit Tarkiainen, Pirjo Tynjala, Pekka Lahdenne, Janne Martikainen, Acute-JIA Study Group, Meredyth Wilkinson, Christopher Piper, Georg Otto, Claire T. Deakin, Stefanie Dowle, Stefania Simou, Daniel Kelberman, Claudia Mauri, Elizabeth Jury, David Isenberg, Lucy R. Wedderburn, Kiran Nistala, I. Foeldvari, D. J. Lovell, G. Simonini, M. Bereswill, J. Kalabic, Kiem Oen, Brian M. Feldman, Brenden Dufault, Jennifer Lee, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Ciaran Duffy, ReACCh-Out Investigators, N. Tzaribachev, G. Vega-Cornejo, I. Louw, A. Berman, I. Calvo, R. Cuttica, F. Avila-Zapata, R. Cimaz, E. Solau-Gervais, R. Joos, G. Espada, X. Li, M. Nys, R. Wong, S. Banerjee, For Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)/Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG), Rebecca Nicolai, Margherita Verardo, Adele D’Amico, Luisa Bracci-Laudiero, Gian Marco Moneta, Gillian Rice, Anne-Laure Mathieu, Sulliman O. Omarjee, Tracy A. Briggs, James O’Sullivan, Simon Williams, Rolando Cimaz, Eve Smith, Michael W. Beresford, Yanick J. Crow, GENIAL Investigators, UK JSLE Study Group, Madeleine Rooney, Nick Bishop, joyce davidson, Clarissa pilkington, Michael Beresford, Jacqui Clinch, Rangaraj Satyapal, Helen Foster, Janet Gardner Medwin, Janet McDonagh, Sue Wyatt, On Behalf of the British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Valentina Litta Modignani, Francesco Baldo, Stefano Lanni, Alessandro Consolaro, Giovanni Filocamo, Helen J. Lachmann, on behalf of Eurofever Registry, Gianmarco Moneta, Camilla Celani, Bilade Cherqaoui, Linda Rossi-Semerano, Perrine Dusser, Véronique Hentgen, Claire Grimwood, Linda Rossi, Isabelle Kone Paut, Veronique Hentgen, Denise Lasigliè, Denise Ferrera, Giulia Amico, Marco Di Duca, Laura Obici, Roberto Ravazzolo, Ryuta Nishikomori, Juan Arostegui, Andrea Petretto, Chiara Lavarello, Elvira Inglese, Federica Vanoni, Michaël Hofer, on behalf of EUROFEVER PROJECT, P. N. Hawkins, T. van der Poll, U. A. Walker, H. H. Tilson, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Norbert Blank, Hal M. Hoffman, Elisabeth Weissbarth-Riedel, Boris Huegle, Tilmann Kallinich, Ahmet Gul, Marlen Oswald, Fatma Dedeoglu, Aki Hanaya, Takako Miyamae, Manabu Kawamoto, Yumi Tani, Takuma Hara, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Satoru Nagata, Hisashi Yamanaka, Almira Ćosićkić, Fahrija Skokić, Belkisa Čolić, Sanimir Suljendić, Anna Kozlova, Irina Mersiyanova, Mariya Panina, Lily Hachtryan, Vasiliy Burlakov, Elena Raikina, Alexey Maschan, Anna Shcherbina, Banu Acar, Meryem Albayrak, Betul Sozeri, Sezgin Sahin, Amra Adrovic, Nese Inan, Serhan Sevgi, Caroline M. Andreasen, Anne Grethe Jurik, Mia B. Glerup, Christian Høst, Birgitte T. Mahler, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Cecilia Lazea, Laura Damian, Calin Lazar, Rodica Manasia, Chloe M. Stephenson, Vimal Prajapati, Paivi M. Miettunen, Dilek Yılmaz, Yavuz Tokgöz, Yasin Bulut, Harun Çakmak, Ferah Sönmez, Elif Comak, Gülşah Kaya Aksoy, Mustafa Koyun, Sema Akman, Yunus Arıkan, Ender Terzioğlu, Osman Nidai Özdeş, İbrahim Keser, Hüseyin Koçak, Ayşen Bingöl, Aygen Yılmaz, Reha Artan, X. Xu, Fatemeh F. Mehregan, Vahid Ziaee, Mohammad H. Moradinejad, Francesco La Torre, Clotilde Alizzi, Pio D’Adamo, G. Junge, J. Gregson, Hasmik Sargsyan, Hulya Zengin, Berna E. Fidanci, Cagla Kaymakamgil, Dilek Konukbay, Dilek Yildiz, Faysal Gok, Iris Stoler, Judith Freytag, Banu Orak, Christine Seib, Lars Esmann, Eva Seipelt, Faekah Gohar, Dirk Foell, Ismail Dursun, Sebahat Tulpar, Sibel Yel, Demet Kartal, Murat Borlu, Funda Bastug, Hakan Poyrazoglu, Zubeyde Gunduz, Kader Kose, Mehmet E. Yuksel, Abdullah Calıskan, Ahmet B. Cekgeloglu, Ruhan Dusunsel, Katerina Bouchalova, Jana Franova, Marcel Schuller, Marie Macku, Katerina Theodoropoulou, Raffaella Carlomagno, Annette von Scheven-Gête, Claudia Poloni, Laura O. Damian, Dan Cosma, Amanda Radulescu, Dan Vasilescu, Liliana Rogojan, Simona Rednic, Mihaela Lupse, Lien De Somer, Pierre Moens, Rocio Galindo Zavala, Laura Martín Pedraz, Esmeralda Núñez Cuadros, Gisela Díaz-Cordovés Rego, Antonio L. Urda Cardona, Ilaria Dal Forno, Sara Pieropan, Ombretta Viapiana, Davide Gatti, Gloria Dallagiacoma, Paola Caramaschi, Domenico Biasi, Daniel Windschall, Ralf Trauzeddel, Hartwig Lehmann, Rainer Berendes, Maria Haller, Manuela Krumrey-Langkammerer, Antje Nimtz-Talaska, Philipp Schoof, Ralf Felix Trauzeddel, Christine Nirschl, Estefania Quesada-Masachs, Carla Aguilar Blancafort, Sara Marsal Barril, Francisca Aguiar, Rita Fonseca, Duarte Alves, Ana Vieira, Alberto Vieira, Jorge A. Dias, Iva Brito, Gordana Susic, Vera Milic, Goran Radunovic, Ivan Boricic, Pauline Marteau, Catherine Adamsbaum, Michel De Bandt, Irène Lemelle, Chantal Deslandre, Tu Anh Tran, Anne Lohse, Elisabeth Solau-Gervais, Pascal Pillet, Julien Wipff, Cécile Gaujoux-Viala, Sylvain Breton, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Sandra Gran, Olesja Fehler, Stefanie Zenker, Michael Schäfers, Thomas Vogl, Severine Guillaume Czitrom, EH Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Francesca Magnaguagno, Laura Tanturri de Horatio, Nienke M. Ter Haar, Annemieke S. Littooij, Vitor A. Teixeira, Raquel Campanilho-Marques, Ana F. Mourão, Filipa O. Ramos, Manuela Costa, Wafa A. Madan, Orla G. Killeen, Adriana Rodriguez Vidal, Diana Sueiro Delgado, Maria Isabel Gonzalez Fernandez, Berta Lopez Montesinos, Aleksey Kozhevnikov, Nina Pozdeeva, Mikhail Konev, Evgeniy Melchenko, Vladimir Kenis, Gennadiy Novik, Aysenur Pac Kısaarslan, Butsabong Lerkvaleekul, Suphaneewan Jaovisidha, Witaya Sungkarat, Niyata Chitrapazt, Praman Fuangfa, Thumanoon Ruangchaijatuporn, Soamarat Vilaiyuk, Dan Ø. Pradsgaard, Arne Hørlyck, Anne H. Spannow, Carsten W. Heuck, Talia Diaz, Fernando Garcia, Lorenia De La Cruz, Nadina Rubio, Joanna Świdrowska-Jaros, Elzbieta Smolewska, Mirta Lamot, Lovro Lamot, Mandica Vidovic, Edi Paleka Bosak, Ivana Rados, Miroslav Harjacek, Nikolay Tzaribachev, Polymnia Louka, Romiesa Hagoug, Chiara Trentin, Olga Kubassova, Mark Hinton, Mikael Boesen, Olena A. Oshlianska, Illya A. Chaikovsky, G. Mjasnikov, A. Kazmirchyk, Umberto Garagiola, Irene Borzani, Paolo Cressoni, Fabrizia Corona, Eszter Dzsida, Giampietro Farronato, Antonella Petaccia, Alenka Gagro, Agneza Marija Pasini, Goran Roic, Ozren Vrdoljak, Lucija Lujic, Matija Zutelija-Fattorini, Monika M. Esser, Deepthi R. Abraham, Craig Kinnear, Glenda Durrheim, Mike Urban, Eileen Hoal, Victoria B. Nikolayenko, Kubilay Şahin, Yasar Karaaslan, Adele Civino, Giovanni Alighieri, Sergio Davì, Roberto Rondelli, Andrea Magnolato, Francesca Ricci, Alma Olivieri, Valeria Gerloni, Bianca Lattanzi, Francesca Soscia, Alessandro De Fanti, Stefania Citiso, Lorenzo Quartulli, Maria Cristina Maggio, Manuela Marsili, Maria Antonietta Pelagatti, Valentino Conter, Franca Fagioli, Andrea Pession, Marco Garrone, Mariangela Rinaldi, Jaime De Inocencio, Stella Garay, Daniel J. Lovell, Berit Flato, EPOCA Study Group, Angela Aquilani, Simona Cascioli, Ivan Caiello, Denise Pires-Marafón, Rita Carsetti, Emily Robinson, Salvatore Albani, Wilco de Jager, Sytze de Roock, Trang Duong, Justine Ellis, Kimme Hyrich, Laetitia Jervis, Daniel Lovell, Lucy Marshall, Elizabeth D. Mellins, Kirsten Minden, Jane Munro, Peter A. Nigrovic, Jason Palman, Sunil Sampath, Laura E. Schanberg, Susan D. Thompson, Richard Vesely, Chris Wallace, Chris Williams, Qiong Wu, Nico Wulffraat, Rae S. M. Yeung, M. B. Seyger, D. Arikan, J. K. Anderson, A. Lazar, D. A. Williams, C. Wang, R. Tarzynski-Potempa, J. S. Hymans, Gabriele Simonini, Erika Scoccimarro, Irene Pontikaki, Teresa Giani, Alessandro Ventura, Pier Luigi Meroni, Gaetana Minnone, Marzia Soligo, Luigi Manni, Luisa Bracci Laudiero, Noortje Groot, I. Grein, N. M. Wulffraat, R. Schepp, G. Berbers, C. C. Barbosa Sandoval de Souza, V. Paes Leme Ferriani, G. Pileggi, S. de Roock, Ingrid H. R. Grein, Silvia Scala, Elisa Patrone, Casper Schoemaker, on behalf of Dutch JIA patient organization, Wendy Costello, on behalf of ENCA, Suzanne Parsons, Jean-David Cohen, Damien Bentayou, Marc-Antoine Bernard Brunel, Sonia Trope, Jens Klotsche, Miriam Listing, Martina Niewerth, Gerd Horneff, Angelika Thon, Hans-Iko Huppertz, Kirsten Mönkemöller, Ivan Foeldvari, ICON study group, Achille Marino, Stefano Stagi, Niccolò Carli, Federico Bertini, Adriana S. Díaz-Maldonado, Sally Pino, Pilar Guarnizo, Alfonso Ragnar Torres-Jimenez, Berenice Sanchez-Jara, Eunice Solis-Vallejo, Adriana Ivonne Cespedes-Cruz, Maritza Zeferino-Cruz, Julia Veronica Ramirez-Miramontes, Ankur Kumar, Anju Gupta, Deepti Suri, Amit Rawat, Nandita Kakkar, Surjit Singh, Özge A. Gücenmez, Erbil Ünsal, Bo Magnusson, Karina Mördrup, Anna Vermé, Christina Peterson, Board of the Swedish Pediatric Rheumatology Registry, Caroline Freychet, Jean Louis Stephan, Cathryn E. Harkness, Leanne Foster, Emma Henry, Pauline Taggart, Coskun F. Ozkececi, Esra Kurt, Gokalp Basbozkurt, Daiva Gorczyca, Jacek Postępski, Aleksandra Czajkowska, Bogumiła Szponar, Mariola Paściak, Anna Gruenpeter, Iwona Lachór-Motyka, Daria Augustyniak, Edyta Olesińska, Emediong S. Asuka, Tatyana Golovko, Samuel U. Aliejim, Emilio Inarejos Clemente, Estibaliz Iglesias Jimenez, Joan Calzada Hernandez, Sergi Borlan Fernandez, Clara Gimenez Roca, David Moreno Romo, Natalia Rodriguez Nieva, Juan Manuel Mosquera Angarita, Jordi Anton Lopez, Esmeralda Nuñez-Cuadros, Gisela Diaz-Cordovés, Rocío Galindo-Zavala, Antonio Urda-Cardona, Antonio Fernández-Nebro, Daniel Álvarez de la Sierra, Marina Garcia Prat, Mónica Martínez Gallo, Ricardo Pujol Borrell, Ana M. Marín Sánchez, Etienne Merlin, Sylvie Fraitag, Jean-Louis Stephan, Federico Annoni, Giancarla Di Landro, Sofia Torreggiani, Marta Torcoletti, Georgina Tiller, Jo Buckle, Angela Cox, Peter Gowdie, Roger C. Allen, Jonathan D. Akikusa, Hayde G. Hernández-Huirache, Edel R. Rodea-Montero, William Fahy, Christelle Sordet, Karin B. Berggren, Johanna T. Kembe, Joyce Bos, Wineke Armbrust, Marco van Brussel, Jeanette Cappon, Pieter Dijkstra, Jan Geertzen, Elizabeth Legger, Marion van Rossum, Pieter Sauer, Otto Lelieveld, Levent Buluc, Gur Akansel, Bahar Muezzinoglu, Ljubov Rychkova, Tatyana Knyazeva, Anna Pogodina, Tatyana Belova, Tamara Mandzyak, Ekaterina Kulesh, Alessandro Cafarotti, Cosimo Giannini, Roberta Salvatore, Giuseppe Lapergola, Caterina Di Battista, Maria Loredana Marcovecchio, Raffaella Basilico, Piernicola Pelliccia, Francesco Chiarelli, Luciana Breda, Beverley Almeida, Sarah Tansley, Harsha Gunawardena, Neil McHugh, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Jessie Aouizerate, Marie De Antonio, Christine Barnerias, Guillaume Bassez, Isabelle Desguerre, Romain Gherardi, Jean-Luc Charuel, François-Jérôme Authier, Cyril Gitiaux, C. H. Spencer, Rabheh Abdul Aziz, Chack-Yung Yu, Brent Adler, Sharon Bout-Tabaku, Katherine Lintner, Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel, Liza McCann, Nicola Ambrose, Mario Cortina-Borja, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker Study (JCDBS), Prasad T. Oommen, Fabian Speth, Johannes-Peter Haas, Working Group “Juvenile Dermatomyositis” of the German Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (GKJR), Claudio Lavarello, Gabriella Giancane, Angela Pistorio, Lisa Rider, Rohit Aggarwal, Sheila K. Oliveira, Ruben Cuttica, Michel Fischbach, Gary Sterba, Karine Brochard, Frank Dressler, Patrizia Barone, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, Elizabeth Candell Chalom, Marine Desjonqueres, Graciela Espada, Anders Fasth, Stella Maris Garay, Rose-Marie Herbigneaux, Claire Hoyoux, Chantal Job Deslandre, Frederick W. Miller, Jiri Vencovsky, Erdal Sag, Gulsev Kale, Haluk Topaloglu, Beril Talim, Francesco Zulian, Tadej Avcin, Roberto Marini, Anne Pagnier, Michel Rodiere, Christine Soler, Rebecca Ten Cate, Yosef Uziel, Jelena Vojinovic, Ana V. Villarreal, Nydia Acevedo, Yuridiana Ramirez, Enrique Faugier, Rocio Maldonado, Bita Arabshahi, John H. Lee, Ian Leibowitz, Lawrence O. Okong’o, Jo Wilmshurst, Monika Esser, Christiaan Scott, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Nagehan Emiroglu, Hafize Emine Sonmez, Gokcen Dilsa Tugcu, Zehra Serap Arici, Ebru Yalcin, Deniz Dogru, Ugur Ozcelik, Mithat Haliloglu, Nural Kiper, Masato Yashiro, Mutsuko Yamada, Toshihiko Yabuuchi, Tomonobu Kikkawa, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Yosuke Fujii, Yukie Saito, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Nora AlMutiari, Mohammed Muzaffer, Rawiah shehata, Adel Al-Wahadneh, Reem Abdwani, Safia Al-Abrawi, Mohammed Abu-shukair, Zeyad El-Habahbeh, Abdullah Alsonbul, Aleksandra Szabat, Monika Chęć, Violetta Opoka-Winiarska, Biman Saikia, Ranjana W. Minz, Christine Arango, Clara Malagon, Maria D. P. Gomez, Angela C. Mosquera, Ricardo Yepez, Tatiana Gonzalez, Camilo Vargas, GRIP study group, Marta Balzarin, Biagio Castaldi, Elena Reffo, Francesca Sperotto, Giorgia Martini, Alessandra Meneghel, Ornella Milanesi, Ozgur Kasapçopur, Maria Teresa Terreri, Ekaterina Alexeeva, Maria Katsicas, Mikhail Kostik, Thomas Lehman, W.-Alberto Sifuentes-Giraldo, Vanessa Smith, Flavio Sztajnbok, Tadey Avcin, Maria Jose Santos, Dana Nemcova, Cristina Battagliotti, Liora Harel, Mahesh Janarthanan, Kathryn Torok, Nicola Helmus, Eileen Baildem, Michael Blakley, Kim Fligelstone, Antonia Kienast, Clare Pain, Amanda Saracino, Gabriele Simoni, Lisa Weibel, Maria K. Osminina, Nathalia A. Geppe, Olga V. Niconorova, Olesya V. Karashtina, Oksana V. Abbyasova, Olga V. Shpitonkova, Sinem Durmus, Hafize Uzun, Angela Mauro, Eleonora Fanti, Fabio Voller, Franca Rusconi, Fernando Garcia-Rodriguez, Ana V. Villarreal-Treviño, Angel J. Flores-Pineda, Paola B. Lara-Herrea, Diego R. Salinas-Encinas, Talia Diaz-Prieto, Maria R. Maldonado-Velazquez, Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa, Enrique Faugier-Fuentes, Mirella Crapanzano, Ilaria Parissenti, Man S. Parihar, Pandiarajan Vignesh, ManojKumar Rohit, Kavitha Gopalan, Savita V. Attri, Alan Salama, David Jayne, Mark Little, Yulia Kostina, Galina Lyskina, Olga Shpitonkova, Alena Torbyak, Olga Shirinsky, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Maria Cristina Smaldone, Mario Diplomatico, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, C H. Spencer, Richard McClead, Hiren Patel, Chung-Yung Yu, Dita Cebecauerová, Tomáš Dallos, Edita Kabíčková, Martin Kynčl, Daniela Chroustová, Jozef Hoza, Dana Němcová, Vladimír Tesař, Pavla Doležalová, Tuncay Hazirolan, Fatih Ozaltin, Fabiola Almeida, Isabela H. Faria de Paula, Maíra M. Sampaio, Fernando N. Arita, Andressa G. Alves, Maria Carolina Santos, Eunice M. Okuda, Silvana B. Sacchetti, Fernanda Falcini, Marini Francesca, Gemma Lepri, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Maria Luisa Brandi, Hakan Kisaoglu, Sema Misir, Selim Demir, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu, Mukaddes Kalyoncu, Carlos Eduardo Ramalho, Fabiola D. Almeida, Joan Calzada-Hernández, Rosa Bou, Estíbaliz Iglesias, Judith Sánchez-Manubens, Fredy Hermógenes Prada Martínez, Clara Giménez Roca, Sergi Borlan Fernández, Marek Bohm, Kamran Mahmood, Valentina Leone, Mark Wood, Ken-Ichi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Fujikawa, Working Group of Behçet’s Disease, Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan (PRAJ), Kyu Yeun Kim, Do Young Kim, Dong Soo Kim, Maka Ioseliani, Ivane Chkhaidze, Maia Lekishvili, Nana Tskhakaia, Shorena Tvalabeishvili, Aleksandre Kajrishvili, Maiko Takakura, Masaki Shimizu, Natsumi Inoue, Mao Mizuta, Akihiro Yachie, Giovanni Corsello, Maryam Piram, Carla Maldini, Sandra Biscardi, Nathalie Desuremain, Catherine Orzechowski, Emilie Georget, Delphine Regnard, Isabelle Kone-Paut, Alfred Mahr, Mihaela Sparchez, Zeno Sparchez, Nydia Acevedo Silva, Ana V. Villarreal Treviño, Yuridiana Ramirez Loyola, Talia Diaz Prieto, Enrique Faugier Fuentes, Maria D. R. Maldonado Velazquez, Pilar Perez, Sagar Bhattad, Ranjana Minz, Jitendra Shandilya, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Ana Villarreal, Yuridiana Ramírez, Zeynep Birsin Özçakar, Suat Fitoz, Fatos Yalcinkaya, Annacarin Horne, Francesca Minoia, Francesca Bovis, Sergio Davi, Priyankar Pal, Kimo Stein, Sandra Enciso, Michael Jeng, Despoina Maritsi, Randy C. Cron, Anne Thorwarth, Sae Lim von Stuckrad, Angela Rösen-Wolff, Hella Luksch, Patrick Hundsdoerfer, Peter Krawitz, Nuray Aktay Ayaz, Doğan Simsek, Şebnem Sara Kılıc, Emine Sonmez, Aysenur Pac Kisaarslan, Ozge Altug Gucenmez, Z. Serap Arıcı, Fatih Kelesoglu, Zelal Ekinci Ekinci, Maria Miranda-Garcia, Carolin Pretzer, Michael Frosch, F. Gohar, Angela McArdle, Niamh Callan, Belinda Hernandez, Miha Lavric, Oliver FitzGerald, Stephen R. Pennington, Joachim Peitz, Joern Kekow, Ariane Klein, Anna C. Schulz, Frank Weller-Heinemann, Anton Hospach, J-Peter Haas, BIKER collaborative group, Karen Put, Jessica Vandenhaute, Anneleen Avau, Annemarie van Nieuwenhuijze, Ellen Brisse, Tim Dierckx, Omer Rutgeerts, Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez, Jaan Toelen, Mark Waer, Georges Leclercq, An Goris, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Adrian Liston, Patrick Matthys, Carine H. Wouters, Yasuo Nakagishi, Michael J. Ombrello, Victoria Arthur, Anne Hinks, Patricia Woo, International Childhood Arthritis Genetics (INCHARGE) Consortium, Barbara Stanimirovic, Biljana Djurdjevic-Banjac, Olivera Ljuboja, Boris Hugle, MArgarita Onoufriou, Olga Vougiouka, Kenza Bouayed, Sanae El Hani, Imane Hafid, Nabiha Mikou, Nunu Shelia, Mari Laan, Jaanika Ilisson, and Chris Pruunsild

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published
2017
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9. The Virome of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Viruses Where We Once Thought There Were None

Author

Chandrabali Ghose, Melissa Ly, Leila K. Schwanemann, Ji Hyun Shin, Katayoon Atab, Jeremy J. Barr, Mark Little, Robert T. Schooley, Jessica Chopyk, and David T. Pride

Subjects
human microbiome, virome, virobiota, CSF, microbiota, body fluids, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Traditionally, medicine has held that some human body sites are sterile and that the introduction of microbes to these sites results in infections. This paradigm shifted significantly with the discovery of the human microbiome and acceptance of these commensal microbes living across the body. However, the central nervous system (CNS) is still believed by many to be sterile in healthy people. Using culture-independent methods, we examined the virome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a cohort of mostly healthy human subjects. We identified a community of DNA viruses, most of which were identified as bacteriophages. Compared to other human specimen types, CSF viromes were not ecologically distinct. There was a high alpha diversity cluster that included feces, saliva, and urine, and a low alpha diversity cluster that included CSF, body fluids, plasma, and breast milk. The high diversity cluster included specimens known to have many bacteria, while other specimens traditionally assumed to be sterile formed the low diversity cluster. There was an abundance of viruses shared among CSF, breast milk, plasma, and body fluids, while each generally shared less with urine, feces, and saliva. These shared viruses ranged across different virus families, indicating that similarities between these viromes represent more than just a single shared virus family. By identifying a virome in the CSF of mostly healthy individuals, it is now less likely that any human body site is devoid of microbes, which further highlights the need to decipher the role that viral communities may play in human health.

Published
2019
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10. Differences in Cardiac Effects of Venoms from Tentacles and the Bell of Live Carukia barnesi: Using Non-Invasive Pulse Wave Doppler

Author

Mark Little, Peter Pereira, and Jamie Seymour

Subjects
Carukia barnesi, Irukandji, venom, tentacle, Doppler, Medicine
Abstract

Carukia barnesi was the first in an expanding list of cubozoan jellyfish whose sting was identified as causing Irukandji syndrome. Nematocysts present on both the bell and tentacles are known to produce localised stings, though their individual roles in Irukandji syndrome have remained speculative. This research examines differences through venom profiling and pulse wave Doppler in a murine model. The latter demonstrates marked measurable differences in cardiac parameters. The venom from tentacles (CBVt) resulted in cardiac decompensation and death in all mice at a mean of 40 min (95% CL: ± 11 min), whereas the venom from the bell (CBVb) did not produce any cardiac dysfunction nor death in mice at 60 min post-exposure. This difference is pronounced, and we propose that bell exposure is unlikely to be causative in severe Irukandji syndrome. To date, all previously published cubozoan venom research utilised parenterally administered venom in their animal models, with many acknowledging their questionable applicability to real-world envenomation. Our model used live cubozoans on anaesthetised mice to simulate normal envenomation mechanics and actual expressed venoms. Consequently, we provide validity to the parenteral methodology used by previous cubozoan venom research.

Published
2020
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11. Species-specific viromes in the ancestral holobiont Hydra.

Author

Juris A Grasis, Tim Lachnit, Friederike Anton-Erxleben, Yan Wei Lim, Robert Schmieder, Sebastian Fraune, Sören Franzenburg, Santiago Insua, GloriaMay Machado, Matthew Haynes, Mark Little, Robert Kimble, Philip Rosenstiel, Forest L Rohwer, and Thomas C G Bosch

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Recent evidence showing host specificity of colonizing bacteria supports the view that multicellular organisms are holobionts comprised of the macroscopic host in synergistic interdependence with a heterogeneous and host-specific microbial community. Whereas host-bacteria interactions have been extensively investigated, comparatively little is known about host-virus interactions and viral contribution to the holobiont. We sought to determine the viral communities associating with different Hydra species, whether these viral communities were altered with environmental stress, and whether these viruses affect the Hydra-associated holobiont. Here we show that each species of Hydra harbors a diverse host-associated virome. Primary viral families associated with Hydra are Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Inoviridae, and Herpesviridae. Most Hydra-associated viruses are bacteriophages, a reflection of their involvement in the holobiont. Changes in environmental conditions alter the associated virome, increase viral diversity, and affect the metabolism of the holobiont. The specificity and dynamics of the virome point to potential viral involvement in regulating microbial associations in the Hydra holobiont. While viruses are generally regarded as pathogenic agents, our study suggests an evolutionary conserved ability of viruses to function as holobiont regulators and, therefore, constitutes an emerging paradigm shift in host-microbe interactions.

Published
2014
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