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The theoretical and political contributions from Antonio Gramsci last for nearly a century, in particular his definitions and understanding of the broad notion of hegemony – the combination of power relationships whose preferential locus is called civil society and which is sustained fundamentally via the consent of the oppressed with respect to their oppressors. Based on the reflections on Gramsci’s work which consider the abyssal matrix as anchored in the thingification of racialized/subordinate peoples, the potential avenues for confronting the capitalist hegemony are problematicized, which, from its historical inception to the present day, has unyieldingly taken advantage of objectifying colonial power of domination by coercion. Hence the impact achieved by the indigenous movements in Brazil and Bolivia, felt in terms of the anti­-hegemonic learning present in the public acts and manifestations of political and epistemological disobedience, in harmony with the epistemologies of the South.