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One of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health problems. Indonesia is a country with a positive high number of E. coli (71%) Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) in the Asia Pacific. Many studies report that essential oils and extracts from several species of Ocimum have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity is related to active compounds contained in plants that are also affected by the place of growth, harvesting and post-harvesting. Research related to the activity of basil (Ocimum sanctum) that already exists does not provide complete and comprehensive data related to where to grow, harvest and post-harvest basil leaves. Basil leaves that have been set parameters for growth, harvest and post-harvest processes are extracted using maceration method with 70% etanol solvent and distilled to obtain essential oils (EO). Etanolic extract (EE) and EO were tested for their activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypii bacteria. The results showed that the basil leaves obtained from Margahayu sub-district, East Bekasi, had a dry simplicia yield of 12.8% ± 1.5, yield of EE 16.9% ± 1.6, EO content of 0.56%. The etanolic extract of basil leaves contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and steroids. The conclusion from the results of this study is the etanol extract and essential oils of basil leaves can inhibit the growth of bacteria, both basile leaves. The inhibition zone diameter is higher in gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) than gram negative bacteria (S. thypii and E. coli).

One of the most dominant types of preparations used by the public is tablets. This community service and empowerment (CSE) aims to introduce and provide training on making tablets with innovative tablet printing machine technology in the pharmaceutical industry and to build partners with SMKs to provide access to education for the vocational level by science and technology while at the same time offering a scholarship program as access to continuing higher education at STIKes Mitra Keluarga for high achieving and financially disadvantaged students. This CSE method includes planning carried out by making an offer to the Pharmacy Vocational School in Bekasi City and making activity flyers to be distributed for class 12, 10, and 11. The implementation was carried out by giving pre-tests, materials, and simulation practices for making drugs with tablet printing machines at STIKES Mitra Keluarga. The evaluation stage is carried out by giving post-test questions. Data analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive and comparative tests using paired t-tests. The results of this CSE show that the value of knowledge and understanding of 35 students before being given material treatment and training was 57 and after being given treatment it was 94 with a percentage increase of 43%. Therefore, this CSE activities is able to increase the knowledge and understanding of 35 class X, XI and XII students of the Bakti Kartini Pharmacy Vocational School regarding making medicine using a tablet printing machine in a real way.

Abstract: Several countries reported discovering benzene in beverages containing benzoic acid and ascorbic acid. Benzoic acid decarboxylation by ascorbic acid will form benzene. American Beverage Association (ABA) recommended the use of accelerated testing to test benzene in beverages. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one of several methods to analyze benzene in a wide variety of samples, but there is no much information provided regarding the validation of analysis method of benzene. Therefore, developing analysis method of benzene and its validation becomes a current need. The HPLC system consists of Hitachi L-2130 pump, sample injector with 20 µL sample loop, and UV detector L-2420 operating at 205 nm. The analytical column is a LiChrosorb Phenomenex RP-18 (250 x 4 mm, 10 µm, 100 Ǻ), the mobile phase is acetonitrile:aquabidest (60:40 v/v) and pumped at a flow rate of 0,8 mL/min.Benzene separated from the matrix and follows the validation requirements. The developed analytical method showed that resolution was 8.37, r = 0.995 with LOD and LOQ 6.52 ppb and 19.75 ppb, with a precise of ≤11% and recovery of 80-110%. Accelerated testing indicated that benzene levels increased with increasing of the temperature. Beverages containing 400 mg/mL of ascorbic acid and benzoic acid formed benzene which was detected as 699.38 ppb at 25 oC, 799.61 ppb at 40 oC, and 808.94 ppb at 60 oC in 48 hours. In conclusion, the method was fully validated and can be utilized to analyze benzene in beverages with the accelerated testing at 60 oC in 48 hours, so that benefits the producers and consumers in the end. Keywords : benzene, HPLC, validation method, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid