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Abstract Background This study aims to determine the rate of re-attempted suicide among individuals with a prior history of suicidal attempts. Additionally, it seeks to identify factors that could potentially predict future suicide re-attempts. Methods We retrospectively collected medical data on patients under 18 years of age who were admitted to our emergency department after attempting suicide. We evaluated the general characteristics of the patients. We divided them into two groups: patients who had made multiple suicide attempts and patients who attempted suicide for the first time. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 154 patients who had previously attempted suicide and sought medical attention in the emergency department were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 55 individuals (35.7% of the participants) had a documented history of previous suicide attempts. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder were 4.5 times more likely to attempt another suicide compared to those without such a condition (OR = 4.534, p = 0.002). Similarly, patients with a history of illicit drug use were 3.26 times more likely to attempt suicide again than those who reported no substance use (OR = 3.264, p = 0.036). Conclusion Individuals with a history of suicide attempts are at increased risk of further attempts. This study found that around 36% of people who had previously attempted suicide attempted additional attempts during the study. Moreover, factors such as substance use and a background of psychiatric disorders can predict the likelihood of re-attempting suicide.

In recent decades, thanks to the advancements within materials science and engineering, a novel class of metallic compounds, named high and medium-entropy alloys, has begun to capture the attention of researchers worldwide. Despite their excellent mechanical and anticorrosive properties, the widespread usage of these materials in industrial applications still remains a challenge and a subject worthy of investigation. In the present work, an innovative concept of developing high and medium-entropy alloys by deposition welding technique is presented and analysed in detail. Melting a bundle of rods by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method, in the same molten pool, a medium-entropy alloy (MEA) from the AlCrFeNi system is deposited on a low carbon steel substrate. In order to increase the chemical homogenization of the deposited material and to eliminate or reduce the eventual defects that may occur, electric arc remelting without using filler metal was performed in transverse, longitudinal, or combined (transverse and longitudinal) direction relative to the initial deposition welding direction. The assessment of the resistance to corrosion, modifications of microstructure, chemical composition and hardness have revealed that the medium-entropy alloy, obtained by melting in the same welding pool of several common welding rods with various chemical compositions, is an innovative, sustainable, and advantageous alternative to stainless steel materials.

Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) poses a significant threat to cotton crops worldwide, resulting in economic losses surpassing sustainable levels for farmers since 2011. This study examines different approaches to controlling pink bollworm infestations, specifically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), bio-formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and a commercial insecticide (Triazophos), in both laboratory and field environments. AgNPs were synthesized using neem plant leaf extract (Azadirachta indica). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a zeta sizer analyzer. In the laboratory, the effectiveness of individual and combined applications of AgNPs, Bt, and Triazophos was tested against 2nd and 4th instar pink bollworm larvae. Mortality rates were measured at 1, 2, and 5 days after application. The results showed that the treatment combining AgNPs and Triazophos (40ppm + 50ppm) achieved a larval mortality rate of over 90%, surpassing the other treatments. In field conditions, the combination of Triazophos and AgNPs at 40ppm (100ml + 50ml) proved most effective in managing P. gossypiella populations. These findings underscore the potential of nanoparticles as efficient larvicidal agents for controlling P. gossypiella. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of reevaluating past management strategies for cotton crops given emerging alternatives to traditional insecticides. Future research directions may involve further optimizing nanoparticle formulations and investigating their broader ecological impacts on cotton ecosystems.

Abstract Shortly after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed a public health emergency (PHE) was declared and a multi-agency response was initiated within the US federal government to create and propagate testing capacity. As part of this response, an unprecedented program designated Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) Tech was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to facilitate the development of point-of-care tests for the COVID-19. The RADx Tech Clinical Studies Core (CSC), located at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan), with partnering academic, private, and non-governmental organizations around the country, was tasked with developing clinical studies to support this work. This manuscript details development of a biorepository specifically focused on the collection and storage of samples designed for diagnostic platform development. It highlights the unified collection and annotation process that enabled gathering a diverse set of samples. This diversity encompasses the geography and backgrounds of the participants as well as sample characteristics such as variant type and RT-PCR cycle threshold (CT) value of the corresponding reference sample on a uniform clinical reference platform.

Abstract High-velocity lower crust (HVLC) near the continent–ocean transition zone is significant for recording magmatic activity and early rifting history and is likely to be sourced from various types of magma supplies, including passive decompression melting, hot mantle plume, active small-scale mantle convection, and fertile source mantle. In the northern margin of the South China Sea (composed of the Dongsha Passive margin to the west and the SW Taiwan active margin to the east), a large amount of geophysical data, including refraction seismic data, enable us to prepare a map of the thickness distribution of the HVLC and estimate its volume. After revisiting published data, the volume of the HVLC in the northern margin of the South China Sea is found to be comparable but slightly less than that in continental large igneous provinces such as the Deccan Trap of west-central India or oceanic plateaus such as the Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific Ocean, probably indicating that they may have similar active source origins. Based on a more feature-based analysis (h–v p diagram; a scatter plot showing mean velocity of lower crust versus corresponding crustal thickness) to identify the source of the underplating material in a magma-involved margin, we tentatively suggest that the HVLC along the Dongsha passive margin showing no h–v p correlation is most likely dominated by small-scale mantle convection of the Peikang–Dongsha mantle convection cell, and the HVLC along the SW Taiwan active margin showing a negative h–v p correlation is more likely to be dominated by the pre-existing distal domain of the continental margin. We propose that rather than being dominated by a hot mantle plume, small-scale mantle convection may be more likely to be responsible for the opening of the South China Sea, and suggest that a more inclusive geodynamic model to reconcile geophysical and geochemical observations should be further investigated.

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation is an increasing global healthcare challenge with limited effective treatment options. Developing medications for chronic diseases requires high financial investment and a long duration. Given these challenges, alternative strategies are needed. Here, we focus on one such strategy that holds great promise: drug repurposing, which involves identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs. Main body Here, we discuss the importance of two key transcription factors: nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1), in orchestrating complex pathophysiological signaling networks involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulation of the NF-κB and AP1 signaling pathways have been associated with various diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory disease, and autoimmune disorders. This review emphasized that repurposed small-molecule inhibitors of these pathways have proven successful as therapeutic interventions. These compounds exhibit high degrees of specificity and efficacy in modulating NF-κB or AP-1 signaling, making them appealing candidates for treating chronic inflammatory conditions. This review discusses the therapeutic potential and action mechanisms of several repurposed small-molecule inhibitors for combating diseases caused by abnormal activation or inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1. Conclusion This concise review highlights the potential of repurposing small-molecule inhibitors targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways as effective therapies for various chronic inflammatory diseases. While further experimental validation is needed, drug repurposing offers a promising strategy to bypass the existing lengthy and expensive new drug development processes, providing a faster and more economical route to novel treatments.

Abstract Clinically, the body mass index remains the most frequently used metric of overall obesity, although it is flawed by its inability to account for different adipose (i.e., visceral, subcutaneous, and inter/intramuscular) compartments, as well as muscle mass. Numerous prior studies have demonstrated linkages between specific adipose or muscle compartments to outcomes of multiple diseases. Although there are no universally accepted standards for body composition measurement, many studies use a single slice at the L3 vertebral level. In this study, we use computed tomography (CT) studies from patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare current L3-based techniques with volumetric techniques, demonstrating potential limitations with level-based approaches for assessing outcomes. In addition, we identify gene expression signatures in normal kidney that correlate with fat and muscle body composition traits that can be used to predict sex-specific outcomes in renal cell carcinoma.

Locusts and grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are pests of agricultural importance, devastating crops and pastures. This group includes hundreds of pest species and affects the livelihoods of one in every ten people worldwide. Their outbreaks can be chronic or episodic, with alternating periods of invasion and recession. Here, we review the natural enemies of locusts and grasshoppers in both their native and invaded ranges across the globe to assess the need for their conservation and maintenance as part of the natural suppression of outbreaks and to augment outbreak suppression as potential biological control agents. More than 70 natural enemies have been reported to attack locusts and grasshoppers, including entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, predatory insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Particular attention is given to the well-studied species of locusts and grasshoppers for which more information is available and to natural enemies in the locust-affected countries as part of the recent trend of looking for indigenous natural enemies. Such organisms can play a vital role in integrated pest management strategies for locusts and grasshoppers, particularly entomopathogens that can be incorporated with chemical pesticides into the management system. Among the organisms considered, Metarhizium acridum is noteworthy for inclusion in integrated pest management programs.

Purpose To present a case of bilateral neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) following an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration. Methods Case report. Results A 46-year-old female patient was referred to our cornea department with unhealing corneal epithelial defects in both eyes. The patient’s complaints, including ocular redness, sensitivity to light and blurred vision, started 1 week after the second dose of CoronaVac® vaccine and continued to increase for 2 months. Ophthalmological examination revealed mild ocular redness, epithelial defects in the central cornea, and decreased corneal sensitivity in both eyes. No pathology that could cause NK was detected in the patient’s anamnesis and tests. Treatment including bandage contact lens application, autologous serum eye drops, preservative-free artificial tears, and oral doxycycline resulted in closure of the epithelial defect on the 10th day, and on the 2-month follow-up visit, it was observed that corneal sensitivity had increased. Conclusions In the presented case, it is thought that bilateral NK may be associated with the vaccine due to the chronological relationship between the vaccine administration and the lack of any other explanatory etiology. A cure was achieved in a short time with appropriate treatment, and the increase in corneal sensitivity over time indicates that the corneal neuropathy was reversible. Nowadays, with the worldwide administration of COVID-19 vaccines, ophthalmologists should keep in mind that, although rare, NK manifestation may still be encountered after vaccination.

Abstract Nanotechnology has opened new avenues for advanced research in various fields of soft materials. Materials scientists, chemists, physicists, and computational mathematicians have begun to take a keen interest in soft materials due to their potential applications in nanopatterning, membrane separation, drug delivery, nanolithography, advanced storage media, and nanorobotics. The unique properties of soft materials, particularly self-assembly, have made them useful in fields ranging from nanotechnology to biomedicine. The discovery of new morphologies in the diblock copolymer system in curved geometries is a challenging problem for mathematicians and theoretical scientists. Structural frustration under the effects of confinement in the system helps predict new structures. This mathematical study evaluates the effects of confinement and curvature on symmetric diblock copolymer melt using a cell dynamic simulation model. New patterns in lamella morphologies are predicted. The Laplacian involved in the cell dynamic simulation model is approximated by generating a 17-point stencil discretized to a polar grid by the finite difference method. Codes are programmed in FORTRAN to run the simulation, and IBM open DX is used to visualize the results. Comparison of computational results with existing studies validates this study and identifies defects and new patterns.

Abstract The colubrid snakes of the genera Gongylosoma Fitzinger, 1843 and Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 are distributed across south and southeast Asia with five and eight nominate species, respectively. Despite their wide distribution, members of these genera are among some of the least-known colubrids. The two genera were considered synonymous in the past only to be separated later, and are defined on rather nebulose characters with a lack of support from molecular data. To test the monophyly of the two genera, we generated molecular data for the type species of Gongylosoma and species representing the two genera, including samples of Liopeltis rappii (Günther, 1860) from the western Himalayas. Results recovered paraphyly of Liopeltis, especially with regard to the genus Gongylosoma. Morphological data supports recognizing the western and eastern populations of L. rappii as two distinct species. The findings from our integrative taxonomic approach advocate establishing a new genus to embody Liopeltis rappii and a new allied species from the central and western Himalayas. A rediagnosis and revised classification of the genera Gongylosoma and Liopeltis is presented. The results further hint at cryptic diversity across members of the two genera, warranting scrutiny of the most widespread members of the group.

Abstract Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired insulin release by islet β cells. It has been shown that proinflammatory cytokines released during the disease can exacerbate the condition, while anti-inflammatory cytokines offer protection. This study analyzed the clinical role of interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, and vitamin D levels in T1D patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and vitamin D in the participants’ serum samples were analyzed using ELISA. The findings showed that T1D patients had significantly increased levels (p

Abstract Duckweeds (Spirodela polyrrhiza) are free-floating macrophytes that grow profusely in nutrient-rich waters. Under ideal conditions, they exhibit a rapid growth rate and can absorb a substantial amount of nutrients, macromolecules, and pollutants from bodies of water. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from plant extracts, particularly under stress conditions, have opened new research avenues in the field of nanotechnology. Under salinity stress, the accumulation of flavonoids in duckweeds can affect the structure of ZnO NPs, helping researchers ascertain their antimicrobial role. In our study, we exposed mid-log phase duckweed monocultures to 75 mM NaCl in a full-strength Murashige and Skoog medium for 7 days, followed by a 15-day recovery period. We observed significant overexpression of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide as reactive oxygen species. As a result, chlorophyll and certain metabolites were produced in lesser amounts, while flavonoid and phenol content increased by 12% and 8%, respectively. This overproduction persisted up to 10 days into the recovery treatment period but dropped by 8% and 5%, respectively, by the 15th day. The flavonoid coating transformed the NPs into rosette clusters, which exhibited reduced antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative, fish-pathogenic bacterium. Herein, we discuss potential mechanisms for the conformational transformation of ZnO NPs into finer dimensions in response to NaCl-induced oxidative stress in duckweed. In this study, the azo dye degradation capacity of salinity-treated plants increased as the flavonoid profile became enriched. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, both prior to and after salinity treatment, were found to be efficient in scavenging azo dye and mitigating its toxicity, as evidenced by improved germination, growth, and overall plant morphometry.

Purpose – This research explores the role of concrete 3D printing (C3DP) in the development of culturally appropriate housing in Indigenous Reserves in Canada through the design, building and evaluation of the Star Lodge project located in the Siksika Nation of Alberta, Canada. The project aims to assess the potential of C3DP in addressing the escalating housing demands in Indigenous communities in Canada. Design/methodology/approach – The research involved a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach, engaging Blackfoot Elders, Knowledge Keepers from the Siksika Nation, Siksika Housing and Nidus3D. Central to this was the design, build and documentation of the Star Lodge project to analyse the advantages and challenges, guided by weekly meetings and site visits. Findings – The project harnessed C3DP to streamline construction, enhance durability, reduce maintenance costs and enhance the energy performance of the homes. Notable time savings were achieved compared to conventional construction methods. Challenges included developing strategies to overcome extreme cold weather conditions, achieving a consistent concrete mix and integrating conventional construction elements such as drywall construction in interiors. The project served as a platform for collaboration and community participation, shaping the design and construction process while raising awareness of innovative construction techniques in the community. Originality/value – This study provides an evidence-based framework for the evaluation of C3DP technology by analysing the Star Lodge Project, the first C3DP project in Alberta and the largest of its kind in Canada. By addressing housing challenges in Indigenous communities, the research holds broader implications for sustainable development and Indigenous empowerment across Canada.

Strategic infectious animal diseases have a great impact on the national economy as they may cause great economic loss, public anxiety, and high mortality. In Indonesia, among the diseases considered as strategic infectious animal diseases is foot and mouth disease (FMD). This study reported the incidence of strategic infectious animal diseases in Balongpanggang district during 2023. Throughout 2023, FMD only accounted for 4% of the total diseases of the year and was the only strategic infectious animal disease reported that year. Meanwhile, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) incidence reached 57% (876/1546) of the total diseases in beef cattle in 2023. In addition to BEF, official veterinary services reported a total case of 1546 throughout 2023 that comprises; diarrhea (99), limping (24), helminthiasis (91), ectoparasite (11), hematochezia (3), wound (3), mastitis (4), allergy (1), dystocia (28), vaginal prolapse (11), dermatitis (45), enteritis (27), tympani (11), scabiosis (122), arthritis (67), ophthalmic problem (11), endometritis (1), uterine retention (13), indigestion (2), pneumonia (21), hypoglycemia (5), abscess (21), ovariohysterectomy (1), orchitis (1), intoxication (1), and papilloma (1). In conclusion, the only strategic infectious animal disease reported in 2023 in Balongpanggang was FMD with the incidence as high as 3% as compared to the non-strategic infectious animal diseases, BEF, which reached 54% of the total cases during 2023.

Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is advised in end-stage renal disease, the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RRT includes maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)/peritoneal dialysis/renal transplant. The requirement for MHD is annually escalating in India. It is important to note that over 80% of patients receiving MHD have at least one cardiac disease at the time of dialysis initiation, such as ischemic heart disease, congestive cardiac failure, and arrhythmias. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to study high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) serum level as a marker of cardiovascular injury in patients receiving MHD. It was an attempt to envisage a correlation between serum hs-cTnI and hemodialysis (HD) vintage (duration since initiation of dialysis till date). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 40 patients. Group 1 included those who had received MHD for ≤24 months, and Group 2 included those who had received MHD for more than 24 months. Results: We found no significant difference between the two groups’ clinical characteristics and demographic features. The pre-and post-HD serum hs-cTnI values of all patients were recorded. The serum hs-cTnI levels were found to be elevated in 34 out of 40 patients’ post-dialysis, and the result was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study has encouraging results, with values of hs-cTnI raised in post-dialysis samples; however, the levels did not correlate with HD vintage. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups would provide more detailed information on hs-cTnI’s role as a marker for HD-induced cardiac damage.

This article delves into the intricate relationship between contested state- hood and European Union (EU) integration, explicitly focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Since the early 1990s, amidst the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the EU’s enlargement efforts, BiH has grappled with challenges to its statehood, which have impeded its alignment with EU requirements. Despite being universally recognised as an independent state, BiH faces internal contestation, evident in its consociational constitutional framework and the divergent nationalist narratives among constituent groups. Moreover, while BiH maintains external sovereignty, it coexists with significant international oversight, complicating its path toward EU integration. The EU’s expansion into internally contested states like BiH necessitates a nuanced approach considering the entanglement of Europeanisation and de-Daytonisation processes. This article emphasises the complexity of BiH’s governance landscape, where internal dynamics and external influences converge, creating formidable obstacles to sovereignty assertion and governance efficacy. To surmount these challenges, BiH must address internal divisions, foster inclusive governance mechanisms and balance external supervision and internal autonomy. In shedding light on how contested statehood influences the EU’s role and policies, the article discusses the concept of ‘complex sovereignty’, particularly relevant to BiH’s context.

Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate the potential association between gestational anemia and antenatal depression in pregnant women. Methods: It is a case–control study consisting of 684 pregnant women under 18 years recruited in different tertiary care hospitals, in Lahore, between June 2023 and December 2023. Utilizing an online questionnaire, data collection encompassed demographics, dietary habits, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Pregnant women with antenatal hemoglobin (Hb) levels above and below 11.0 g/dL were categorized as a nonanemic and anemic group. Statistical analysis involved Chi-square tests to explore the relationships between gestational parameters and maternal factors. Findings: The depression scores of anemic and nonanemic pregnant women compare two groups of pregnant women based on their Hb levels: those with Hb

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five (toddlers) which can hinder the child's physical and mental development. Data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) shows that the number of stunted toddlers in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province is still quite high, namely 24.6%. Stunting cannot be cured but can be prevented. One of the prevention efforts is to increase the knowledge of mothers or prospective mothers regarding stunting and preventing it by providing food with high nutrition. This Community Service Activity (PKM) was carried out with the aim of educating mothers and wives of home-based beef cattle farmers in Lando Village, East Lombok, NTB about preventing stunting by providing highly nutritious supplementary food (PMT) and stunting detection. The methods used were socialization and demonstration of making toddler food. The results of this PKM activity were that there was a significant increase in participants' knowledge regarding the material being socialized (p0.0001). The conclusion that can be drawn is that There had been an increase in knowledge among PKM participants regarding stunting and preventing stunting through providing food with high protein content.

The development of nanotechnology in the world is very rapid, and the applications of nanotechnology can be felt in various fields in everyday life. For instance, to control food, nanotechnology plays a role in creating early detection tools for food additives, which are known to be dangerous if consumed by humans in excess, such as the presence of colorants that are not permitted or food additives that exceed tolerance limits. Nanosensors based on screen print electrodes (SPE) are devices that can be used for detection with various notable properties such as fast, sensitive and portable. Seeing the importance of developing and down streaming nanotechnology to society, education regarding the role of nanotechnology needs to be carried out. In this activity, nanotechnology applied in the manufacture of nanosensor devices was introduced, especially to analysts at the drug and food control center and the health service. Apart from that, through this activity, sustainable collaboration can be established between the community service team who are researchers in the field of nanosensors and users in the field who are drug and food regulatory bodies, to develop nanosensor technology according to needs in the field. This activity will be carried out in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, specifically aimed at pharmacists and analysts in the drug and food control center, health service, and industry and trade service (Disperindag). This activity will include education about nanotechnology applications in various fields as well as a demonstration on the use of SPE-based naosensor devices. From this event, in future the analyst may do the analysis in field without waiting long time analysis in laboratory. From this community service activities, scientific articles and publications can be produced in print/electronic media, as well as videos of community service activities, in accordance with the main performance indicators determined nationally.

Fog computing has become an attractive computing method for different IoT (Internet of Things) applications that require low latency and location awareness. It provides low latency by bringing computational power closer to the network edge, working as a complement to cloud computing. Despite its advantages, fog computing faces challenges due to the limited resources (CPU processing capacity, network bandwidth, memory, and power backup) of fog nodes. This work introduces a novel optimization model for a cooperative fog-cloud environment dealing with dynamic traffic. We analyze how different arrival rates impact bandwidth costs, link utilization, and server resource utilization. Our results show that fog resource utilization is greater than cloud resource utilization under varying traffic conditions, with blocking rates remaining within an acceptable range (0-15%). The key contributions include the formulation of an optimization model that optimizes resource allocation, addresses blocking factors in fog networks, and offers valuable insights for managing dynamic traffic in fog computing networks.

Abstract Background: This study observes fetal, pregnancy, and maternal outcomes with different regimens of Magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ), used for prophylaxis and treatment of convulsions in eclampsia. Methods: In this observational study, the current prescribing practice and management outcomes of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were observed in three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan.Data were collected by using data collection form, containing information related to patient demographics, history, laboratory findings, drug administration record, and therapeutic outcomes for pregnancy, fetus, and mother. Results: Of the 50 patients studied, most (74%) were of eclampsia. The mean age of the patients was 25.7 (+5.05) years with the majority (36%) in the age range 21–25 years. Forty-one patients received MgSO 4 , of which most received the Pritchard regimen (n = 35), whereas only 5 patients were managed with Zuspan regimen. Liner logistic analysis revealed better fetal outcomes (OR 0.217, CI –0.283 – 1.543) and pregnancy outcomes (OR 0.186, CI –0.164 – 0.635) with Zuspan regimen as compared to Pritchard. Whereas, both regimens showed no difference in maternal outcomes (OR 0.044, CI –0.129 – 0.170). Conclusion: Zuspan regimen proved to be better in morbidity and mortality associated with eclampsia. Additionally, national as well as institutional guidelines should be developed, implemented, properly monitored, and evaluated for management of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Mandatory in-service training and expertise should be provided for health professionals at all levels of the healthcare system, especially those working in gynecological setup.

Organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) has contributed significantly to the donor pool in several countries, most commonly being category III-controlled donations. This document, prepared by a multidisciplinary group of experts, describes the feasibility of category III DCDD in India, in view of the January 2023 Supreme Court (SC) judgment simplifying the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST). The paper discusses the concept and types of futility of care, how to elicit patients values and wishes, outlines its determination in several clinical situations and the process of WLST in such cases, in accordance with the SC judgement. The judgement mandates evaluation for futility of care by the primary and secondary medical boards before intimation to the judicial magistrate and WLST. The paper also discusses the use of new and upcoming organ preservation techniques and technologies in various organ transplants and outcomes of such transplants. We have also reviewed international best practices in cDCDD, discuss the ethical, medical, legal, economic, procedural, and logistic challenges in India and outline a path for DCDD in India. The manuscript discusses and compares the timing and location of WLST, consent for antemortem measures, no-touch period, and the possibility of stand-down and return to the intensive care unit (ICU) without donation. Further clarifications of aspects such as ante-mortem measures and do-not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) may be required during implementation of the judgement in some situations.

This paper focuses on exploration of deep tech potential at three universities in South East Wurope: University of Sarajevo (UNSA) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Polytechnic University of Tirana (UPT) from Albania and University of Montenegro (UoM) from Montenegro. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey procedure for multiple comparisons were performed to assess and compare perceptions of students of these three universities regarding different deep tech issues. Research hypotheses were that there were differences in the interest of students of these three universities to (i) take one or more university courses to gain knowledge on certain deep tech technologies, (ii) attend other means of learning about deep tech (workshops, trainings, online courses, etc.) outside of the University, (iii) start own company in a deep tech field, and (iv) be actively engaged in deep tech research and development projects. Results of the research showed that hypotheses were not supported except regarding start of the own company in a deep tech field where there was difference in the interest of UNSA and UPT students and UoM and UPT students. There were differences in offering courses in deep tech areas, and that students at all three universities are highly motivated to acquire deep tech competences especially in the areas of robotics, artificial intelligence and machine learning including big data, and sustainable energy and clean technologies. Higher education, as one of three knowledge triangle components, may serve as very important point in creating dynamic knowledge triangle deep tech ecosystem and be the driving force as the source of educated relevant experts needed for deep tech development.

This research investigates the complex relationship between households' electricity consumption and a range of environmental factors, such as air pollution and meteorological parameters. Data regarding air pollutants PM 10 [μg/m^3 ], and NO2 [μg/m^3 ], as well as meteorological parameters temperature [°C] elative humidity [%], and atmospheric pressure [hPa] were collected from the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while data related to electricity consumption were obtained from the Public Enterprise Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. - Sarajevo. Measurements and data collection were done for a period of time from January 2020 until March 2022 allowing for seasonal variations to be taken into account. The research findings reveal strong negative correlation of households' electricity consumption with temperature, moderate positive correlation with PM10 and NO2 as well as weak positive correlation with relative humidity and very weak positive correlation with pressure. Linear regression model developed in this research showed that temperature, humidity and concentration of air pollutant PM10 were significant variables and had impact on households' electricity consumption. The results of this research provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between households' electricity consumption and environmental factors, and can help policymakers, electricity providers as well as households to develop better ways to save energy and develop better electricity consumption strategies.

Abstract Background Despite a high incidence of colorectal carcinoma, data regarding genetic aberrations in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients in Pakistan is scarce. This study aimed to determine the frequency of BRAFV600E mutations in colorectal carcinoma tissue in the Pakistani population and to associate BRAFV600E expression with CD133, a marker of colorectal stem cells, and CDX2 marker of differentiation. Methods Sanger Sequencing of exon 15 (426 bp) including the hotspot V600E was performed on formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRC tissue samples of 115 patients. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the expression of BRAFV600E, CDX2, and CD133. Additionally, homology modelling and docking were performed to investigate novel deletions revealed in sequencing. Results Twenty-four (20.8%) BRAF variants were identified in the coding region, with V600E mutations detected in 14 (12.2% )cases (GenBank: PP003258.1; Pop Set: 2678087296). Moreover, a wide spectrum of novel non-V600E mutations (8.6%) were identified, including deletions and missense variations. In-silico analysis revealed that due to large deletions in the coding region of three samples, the affinity of the anti-BRAF drugs (Encorafenib and Vemurafenib) for the active site decreased in comparison to the wild type. The IHC analysis showed that BRAFV600E expression was significantly associated with CD133 expression (χ2 (1, n=115) = 26.351; p =

Grid-connected PV inverters require sophisticated control procedures for smooth integration with the modern electrical grid. The ability of FCS-MPC to manage the discrete character of power electronic devices is highly acknowledged, since it enables direct manipulation of switching states without requiring modulation techniques. This review discusses the latest approaches in FCS-MPC methods for PV-based grid-connected inverter systems. It also classifies these methods according to control objectives, such as active and reactive power control, harmonic suppression, and voltage regulation. The application of FCS-MPC particularly emphasizing its benefits, including quick response times, resistance to changes in parameters, and the capacity to manage restrictions and nonlinearities in the system without the requirement for modulators, has been investigated in this review. Recent developments in robust and adaptive MPC strategies, which enhance system performance despite distorted grid settings and parametric uncertainties, are emphasized. This analysis classifies FCS-MPC techniques based on their control goals, optimal parameters and cost function, this paper also identifies drawbacks in these existing control methods and provide recommendation for future research in FCS-MPC for grid-connected PV-inverter systems.

Abstract Climate change has been drastically affecting cotton not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Normally cotton is known as heat tolerant when compared with other crops, but if the high temperature occurs during flowering period the yield decreases significantly. Marker assisted gene pyramiding provides a sustainable solution to improve heat tolerance. A total of seven genotypes were developed by a series of crossing seven tolerant genotypes over the period of three years. Tolerant genotypes were selected by screening for important transcription factors (GHSP26, HSP3, HSFA2, DREB1A, HSP101, DREB2A, GhNAC2, HSPCB, GhWRKY41, TPS, GbMYB5, ANNAT8, GhMPK17, GhMKK1, GhMKK3, GhMPK2, HSC70, APX1 and GhPP2A1). The seven genotypes were evaluated under normal and heat stress in a multi-year trial. The traits related to heat tolerance, such as cell membrane stability, relative water content, excised leaf water loss, plant height, number of nodes, internodal length, number of buds, number of bolls and leaf area was observed under normal and heat stress conditions. The developed genotypes showed improvement in cell membrane stability and relative water content under heat stress. The genotypes [(VH-305×MNH-886)×MNH-1035)×NIAB-78)], [(MNH-1035×MNH-886)×MNH-886)×SM-431] and [(MNH-1035×MNH-886)×MNH-886)×SS-32] depicted heat tolerance and could be used as heat tolerant material for variety development in breeding programs.

This research aims to provide an understanding of the legal aspects of Village Fund Corruption. In detail, the objectives to be achieved are to analyze the Legal Regulation of the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, the process of supervision of Village Funds in an effort to prevent Corruption Crimes in Batu Bara Regency and the Legal Considerations of Judges in Issuing Verdicts on Corruption Crimes of Village Funds in the Decision of the Medan District Court No.59/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Mdn.This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach in its normative juridical research methodology. The results of the study show that the Criminal Law Regulation on the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, is contained in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, especially articles 2 and 3. The mechanism for monitoring village funds requires the involvement of all parties, namely the village community, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), and related OPDs. The judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights. In principle, only the judge's decision that has permanent legal force can be implemented. A decision can be said to have permanent legal force if it is issued through an open and transparent trial and no other legal remedies are submitted. Regulation of Village Fund Corruption is regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes articles 2 and 3. In carrying out the supervised supervision of village funds, the involvement of all parties is needed, and the judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights.

Hodja Ahmed Yassawi is a pioneer leader in the organization of Turkish Sufism and tariqa. His most significant work is “Divan-ı Hikmet”, the original of which does not exist today. It is claimed that some of the words of wisdom in Divan-ı Hikmet have not belonged to him and that those who followed in his footsteps may have been written in dedication to him. Many works in the genre of eulogy have been created about him as a sect elder and a great man. Based on these works, it can be claimed that the information about the life of Hodja Ahmed Yassawi is purely mythical. One of the eulogies written for Khoja Ahmad Yassawi is found in the manuscripts section of the Republican Crimean Tatar Library named after Ismail Gaspirali (GBUK RK “Respuplikanskaya Kırımskotatarskaya Biblioteka Imena I. Gaspirinskogo) in the capital of Crimea, Akmescit (Simferepol), in the conk registered under the number Tur- Ac 25. This text, which has never been published before, covers the pages from the middle of 110.v to the end of 112.r in the conk. It consists of 53 couplets. There are also other eulogies and parables in the conk. However, they do not belong to Hodja Ahmed Yassawi. They are written in Chagatai Turkish.The eulogy includes the names of Yassawi’s parents and his birth, and then the delivery to Yassawi of the date palm entrusted to Arslan Baba by the Prophet. However, the majority of the eulogy is about Mergazi (Mervazi) coming from Ürgenç, hearing the name of Yassawī, wanting to see what was said about him on the spot and to interrogate him.

Abstract Background Nonspecific neck pain (NSNP) is a well-established global burden affecting. It is also a common problem in Pakistan. The burden of neck pain is also increasing day by day due to poor work ergonomics, and increased use of computers and mobiles after the pandemic. An individual’s poor posture is often associated with forward head posture (FHP). Limited evidence is available about the effects of neck stabilization (NSE) and dynamic exercises (NDE) for nonspecific neck pain particularly in patients with FHP. This aimed to compare the effects of NSE versus NDE among patients having NSNP with FHP in reducing pain, disability, forward head posture and improving neck range of motion. Methods It is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial with 60 patients aged 18–40 years, with moderate intensity NSNP for > 3 weeks and 0.05) for post-treatment mean VAS, neck ROM, NDI and plumb line measurement. Conclusion Between NSE and NDE, no one is more beneficial than another. Both are equally effective in alleviating pain, increasing ROM, decreasing functional disability, and improving forward head posture in patients with NSNP. Trial Registration Registered trial at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05298631, 28/03/2022, prospectively registered.

Peter Swann,* Anastasia Mirza-Davies,* John O’Brien Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: John O’Brien, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom, Email oap@medschl.cam.ac.ukBackground: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in dementia and linked to adverse outcomes. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as playing a role as a driver of early disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias. Inflammation has also been linked to primary psychiatric disorders, however its association with neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative dementias remains uncertain.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review investigating associations between inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative dementias, including AD, Lewy body, Frontotemporal, Parkinson’s (PD) and Huntington’s disease dementias.Results: Ninety-nine studies met our inclusion criteria, and the majority (n = 59) investigated AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty-five studies included PD, and only 6 investigated non-AD dementias. Inflammation was measured in blood, CSF, by genotype, brain tissue and PET imaging. Overall, studies exhibited considerable heterogeneity and evidence for specific inflammatory markers was inconsistent, with lack of replication and few longitudinal studies with repeat biomarkers. Depression was the most frequently investigated symptom. In AD, some studies reported increases in peripheral IL-6, TNF-a associated with depressive symptoms. Preliminary investigations using PET measures of microglial activation found an association with agitation. In PD, studies reported positive associations between TNF-a, IL-6, CRP, MCP-1, IL-10 and depression.Conclusion: Central and peripheral inflammation may play a role in neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative dementias; however, the evidence is inconsistent. There is a need for multi-site longitudinal studies with detailed assessments of neuropsychiatric symptoms combined with replicable peripheral and central markers of inflammation.Keywords: dementia, immune, depression, psychosis, biomarkers

The current research simulates the mass and heat energy transmission model on MHD fluid flow under concentration and temperature deviations on a two-dimensional viscous fluid along an upright facet. Following boundary layer estimations, mathematical simulations for the movement of fluids, the conveyance of heat and mass exposed to radiation, thermophoresis, and Dufour consequences are generated as a set of partial differential equations. The surface's resilient suction was assessed. The built-in solver bvp4c in MATLAB is used for numerically debugging the aforementioned models. Through the inclusion of visualizations and tables, the detrimental effects of influencing variables are examined on the velocity, temperature as well as concentration gradients in conjunction with on the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. Excellent coherence may be shown when comparing between the most present findings and those that have previously been made available in the literature in specific limited circumstances. The Dufour effect, radiation, thermophoresis, and the Grashof number are all factors that influence fluid motion and heat transmission at the interface layer of dirt. Moreover, developments in the Shearing stress, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number coefficient are calculated. The findings are crucial for optimizing a variety of fluid-based technologies and systems, allowing developments in a number of industries including energy-effectiveness, electronics cooling, pursued medicine administration, and many more.

There has been a surge in research on adaptation planning to address climate change and its effects. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the keywords “adaptation planning” and “climate change” to determine the level of research being undertaken using a proposed Advanced Bibliometric Analytical Framework (ABAF). ABAF intends to overcome the inconsistency and vagueness surrounding the existing bibliometric analytical frameworks. Three types of analyses, namely performance analysis, rank analysis, and scientific mapping, were carried out on a dataset of 1087 research articles retrieved from the Web of Science database. The study found contributions from 1515 institutions and 116 countries. Most studies were published in English and Chinese languages only. An upward trend was observed in the number of publications per year, with 135 being the highest number recorded in 2021, emphasizing SDG13: Climate Action, followed by SDGs 6, 15, and 14. Findings show adaptation planning as a trending discourse in the impact reduction of climate extreme events. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for future research on adaptation planning for climate change. Additionally, ABAF can be applied in any bibliometric analytical study, and the framework could be expanded to include additional analysis typologies and metrics to enhance its comprehensiveness.

Western Disturbances (WD) are significantly important weather systems causing precipitation in the Western Himalayan region during Indian Winter months. WDs have two major components-the eastward propagating upper-level trough originating in the mid-latitudes and the low-level Induced Circulation (IC) prevailing over the Northern Indo-Pak region. The present work aims to study the genesis and movement of these upper-level systems using composite analysis of 10 WD events during the Indian winter season that caused extreme precipitation over the western Himalayan region with emphasize on associative mechanisms leading to the IC. Further, we find that the Meridional Temperature Gradient (MTG) is responsible for the development of extra-tropical storms initiated by frontal genesis over the mid-latitude regions. The frontal genesis occurs due to the polar cold air outbreak (CAO) over higher latitudes, causing meandering of the jet stream and leading to the development of the upper-level perturbation that intensifies into a trough. Prior to the IC intensification, the upper-level moisture transport dominates, and during the intensification process, the combined effect of the upper-level trough and IC facilitates a drastic increase in moisture flux from the Arabian Sea at the lower levels. The moisture transport from the Arabian Sea is, therefore, a primary precursor to heavy precipitation in the Himalayan vicinity due to rapid vertical ascent and intense cloud formation because of orographic effects.

Carbofuran insecticide is one of the insecticides most often used by Indonesian farmers. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) 2011 in the decision of UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.11/6, agreed that the active ingredient Carbofuran is dangerous to human health and the environment. P. fluorescens bacteria are known to be able to remediate carbofuran-contaminated soil. This study examines more deeply the biodegradation and biotransformation processes of Carbofuran in P. fluorescens bacteria. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, State Polytechnic of Malang; and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Udayana University from February to August 2020. The results showed that P. fluorescens was able to degrade the insecticide Carbofuran in liquid media up to 82 % and the growth of P. fluorescens bacteria reached 2.9 x 1012 CFU/mL, bacteria P. fluorescens is able to degrade the insecticide Carbofuran in a mixture of soil and compost up to 85 % and the growth of P. fluorescens bacteria reaches 7.5 x 1013 CFU/mL, resulting in Carbofuran insecticide derivatives from the biotransformation process, there are 3-hydroxy-7-phenol; 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2,2,7-triol; (2Z)-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-ylidene]butane-1,4,4-trio; 7-phenol; 2,2,3-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl hydrogen carbonate; 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl acetate; 7-(hydroxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2,2,3,5-tetrol; 3-hidroksi-2-fenilpropil Carbamat; 2-(3-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,1-diol, 3-keto-7-fenol; 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one; 3-hydroxy-carbofuran; and 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3,5-diol. Carbofuran derivative compounds from the biodegradation of P. fluorescens bacteria are less toxic than the active ingredient Carbofuran.

Urban terrorism is a significant global concern, prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects. However, a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent. Thus, this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism, particularly focusing on urban contexts, to identify key patterns and recurring themes. The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords ''urban'' and ''terrorism'' through the Web of Science and Scopus databases. A bibliometric review was conducted, which included a historical background, author keywords, country and institution, citation, and co-citation analyses. The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States, which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country. Most studies were conducted in government law, international relations, and urban studies. Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism, security, and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism. Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism: tourism, governance, resilience, public health, economy, security, and counterterrorism. This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.

In the intricate field of cancer biology, researchers are increasingly intrigued by the emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) due to their multifaceted interactions, complex modulation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. These exosomal lncRNAs, carried within extracellular vesicles, play a vital partin tumorigenesis and disease progression by facilitating communication networks between tumor cells and their local microenvironment, making them an ideal candidates for use in a liquid biopsy approach. However, exosomal lncRNAs remain an understudied area, especially in cancer biology. Therefore this review aims to comprehensively explore the dynamic interplay between exosomal lncRNAs and various cellular components, including interactions with tumor-stroma, immune modulation, and drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory functions of exosomal lncRNAs in these processes can potentially unveil novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, the emergence of RNA-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities for targeting exosomal lncRNAs, offering innovative strategies to combat cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review provides insights into the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology, highlighting their crucial roles, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantage of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of lncRNAs for the development of personalized targeted therapy for cancer patients.

Immune check-point inhibitors (ICPi) are immunomodulating agents, which have revolutionized the management of advanced metastatic cancers. Being immunomodulating agents, they are predisposed to causing colitis. This descriptive review article emphasized on the management of ICPi-associated colitis in advanced metastatic cancers. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase databases for literature review, and terminologies commonly searched were “management,” “immune check-point inhibitors,” “colitis,” “metastatic,” “cancers,” “literature,” and “review.” We reviewed a total of 11 articles done in the last 15 years relevant to ICPi colitis and its management; all the articles showed that diarrhea and colitis are the most common adverse effects observed in patients on ICPi, but prior to establishing the diagnosis of ICPi-causing colitis, possibility of Clostridium difficle or cytomegalovirus infections should be ruled out. Once the diagnosis of ICPi colitis is established, treatment should be started depending upon the severity of colitis. In mild severity, discontinuation of ICPi can resolve the symptoms but, in most of the patients with moderate to high severity of colitis, corticosteroids are considered a cornerstone treatment. Patients unresponsive to steroid treatment should be re-evaluated for infections after which anti-TNF therapy—infliximab or vedolizumab, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil—can be considered.

High navigation accuracy is a prerequisite for tailored and safe tumor resections. However, in posterior fossa surgery, especially in the semi-sitting position, navigation is often considered to be non-useful due to limited accuracy caused by gravitational effects and brain-shift. To enable navigation in these surgical approaches intraoperative evaluation of accuracy and navigation update strategies are required. Navigated intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) might serve as valuable tool to quantify navigation accuracy and even update navigation to gain higher accuracy. Data of 23 patients (28 lesions) undergoing navigation supported surgery in the posterior fossa with application of navigated iUS including acquisition of a 3D iUS data set were evaluated retrospectively based on intraoperative ratings on accuracy and tumor segmentation based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and iUS data. In nine cases (eleven lesions) navigation was rated “insufficient” leading to a navigation update by manually outlining the tumor volumes within the iUS data set, whereas in all other cases navigation accuracy was rated “sufficient” with no need for further updates. Tumor volume was comparable between MRIand iUS-based segmentation. IUS was successfully applied in navigation-supported surgery in the posterior fossa in the semisitting position enabling continuous navigation-support throughout surgery by evaluation of navigation accuracy and navigation updates, supporting safe maximum tumor resection.

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB-RO) is still a health problem because of its rapid transmission with an increasing number of cases. Objective: This study aims to discover in-depth patient knowledge about tuberculosis and the family's role in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. Methods: This research uses a qualitative case study approach with nine informants. The selection of informants was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was obtained through interviews and observations. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. Result: The research shows that informants' knowledge about drug-resistant tuberculosis depends on their educational history. In contrast, informants with low educational backgrounds only know the term tuberculosis but do not know the causes and dangers of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Another thing that was found was that the family also played a role in the patient's treatment by providing support and encouragement for the informant during the treatment period. Conclusion: This research concludes that the informant's knowledge about tuberculosis plays an essential role in the occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The role of the family does not contribute to the occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the informant. It can be concluded that the earlier the age of menarche increases the risk of uterine myoma later in life. In contrast, slower menarche may be associated with a reduced risk of myomas. Other factors such as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors also influence the incidence of uterine myomas, but menarche age is one of the significant hormonal indicators of risk.

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae have indicated broad resistance against such antibiotics thanks to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. In this research, 216 stool samples have been screened for ESBL-producing E. coli, using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes CTX-M, SHV, and TEM. Our isolation experiments resulted in 111 E. coli isolates among which 41 (36.9%) isolates were found as ESBL. Also, 51.2% of the above ESBL isolates harbored blaTEM. Furthermore, 18 (43.9%) and 2 (4.9%) of those ESBL isolates had blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Our results revealed a detectable prevalence of ESBL E. coli in stool samples collected during food outbreaks. Results of such researches can guide how to control the distribution of drug-resistant pathogens in various environments. In this line, the considerable prevalence of ESBL E. coli seems to have originated from the wide administration of various beta-lactam antibiotics.

Background: Wireless Holter monitors can be a great alternative to the traditional wired holter monitoring potentially giving better patient outcomes. However, the technology is new and less explored for the quality of ECG wave forms. Objective: This study was taken up to compare the quality of electrocardiogram (ECG) and arrhythmia detection using a traditional Holter and a wireless ambulatory smart ECG – Vigo SmartHeart (VSH) that functions with a Mobile application. Materials and Methods: The present study was cross-sectional in nature. We enrolled the patients indicated for continuous ECG monitoring. All the enrolled patients were connected to VSH wireless Holter solution and a conventional Holter monitor simultaneously. The ECGs generated were compared through descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation by Pearson’s correlation method. Results: Seventy-one patients had simultaneous ECG recordings by both systems. The Pearson correlation for P wave, QRS, PR, QT, and ST was measured as 0.93, 0.93, 0.99, 0.36, and 0.98, respectively. The minimum heart rate (HR), maximum HR, RR interval, P wave, QRS complex, PR, and ST segments showed a statistically significant correlation between Smart Heart and Conventional Holter. 17 ECG events were reported, of which 14 were detected by both. The events missed by conventional Holter and detected by VSH were Atrioventricular block (2), Supraventricular tachycardia (1), and Intraventricular conduction delay (1). Conclusions: The quality of the report generated by both the methods was comparable to ECG wave quality, However, arrhythmia was picked up by the SmartHeart with better precision compared to conventional Holter. Thus, VSH can serve as a viable and potential alternative tool to screen and help in reducing the morbidity and mortality related to arrhythmias.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the pressing global health issue, with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) playing a crucial role in its development. AGEs are harmful compounds formed through chronic exposure to elevated blood glucose levels and oxidative stress, both of which are prevalent in diabetes mellitus. These molecules have detrimental effects on vascular function, inflammation, and oxidative stress, exacerbating CVD progression. Conventional strategies for managing AGEs are often limited by side effects and insufficient efficacy, driving the need for alternative approaches. This review investigates the intricate relationship between AGEs, diabetes mellitus, and CVD, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of natural products-particularly phenolic compounds. The review explores how AGEs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications and their impact on cardiovascular health. It examines the molecular mechanisms underlying AGE formation and the inhibitory effects of various natural compounds on this process. Additionally, the review assesses preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of these natural agents in mitigating AGE-induced damage. By highlighting the significant role of AGEs in diabetes and CVD, the study underscores the potential of natural products to counteract AGE accumulation. It provides an in-depth analysis of AGE biochemistry, their sources, and the effects of different natural products on AGE formation. The review concludes by emphasizing the promise of natural compounds in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. This comprehensive overview advocates for the integration of natural products into therapeutic strategies for managing AGE-mediated cardiovascular and diabetic conditions.

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan temuputih (Curcuma zedoaria) termasuk tanaman herbal yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antitumor dan antikanker. Beberapa obat antikanker dan ekstrak herbal telah dilaporkan memiliki toksisitas yang tinggi dan menyebabkan malformasi pada embrio ikan zebra (Danio rerio). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan toksisitas ekstrak etanol C. xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria, dan campurannya (rasio 1:6) terhadap embrio ikan zebra. Rimpang C. xanthorrhiza dan C. zedoaria diekstrak dengan cara maserasi dalam etanol 80%. Ekstrak diuji toksisitas akut dengan embrio ikan zebra menggunakan metode OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 236 (2013). Nilai lethal concentration 50 (LC50) campuran ekstrak adalah 82.9 ppm, berada di antara nilai LC50 masing-masing ekstrak (16.9 untuk C. xanthorrhiza dan 112.1 untuk C. zedoaria). Tingkat menetas embrio rendah pada ekstrak C. xanthorrhiza tetapi tinggi pada ekstrak C. zedoaria dan ekstrak campuran. Kelainan notokorda dan edema kantong kuning telur tinggi pada ekstrak C. xanthorrhiza tetapi rendah pada ekstrak C. zedoaria dan ekstrak campuran. Kelainan sirkulasi darah rendah pada ekstrak C. zedoaria tetapi tinggi pada ekstrak campuran. Edema perikardium dan koagulasi darah merupakan malformasi mayor pada semua ekstrak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa campuran ekstrak etanol temulawak dan temuputih menyebabkan malformasi edema perikardium, koagulasi darah, dan secara sinergis menghambat sirkulasi darah, yang berkaitan dengan potensi antikanker. Selain itu, ekstrak campuran dapat menurunkan hambatan menetas, malformasi notokorda, dan edema kantong kuning telur.

The evolution of hand ability in primates is staged, with the visual control of hand shaping likely originating in Platyrrhine primates, members of a monophyletic primate suborder whose stem group diverged from catarrhines about 40 million years ago. Platyrrhine hand shaping may have evolved in relation to visually mediated inhand food manipulation and hand withdraw to the mouth for eating movements. The present study examines this hypothesis in the Platyrrhine Sapajus libidinosus, the bearded capuchin monkey. These monkeys include the tuber raiz de macaco, or monkey’s root, in their diet, a food item that poses challenges in handling, peeling and eating. Analysis of video recordings show that the capuchins used vision to render the tuber into fibers and roots that could be chewed and ingested. Visual engagement was initiated as each rendering/eating sequence began and visual disengage, with a blink and head raise, occurred just before a tuber reached the mouth. Two-handed withdraws mainly brought intact tubers to the incisors for peeling and shredding and one-handed withdraws mainly brought tuber fibers and roots that protrude from the hand to the premolars for chewing. The capuchins made use of novel power hand grasps, featuring the digit tips pressing food items against the interdigit pads and palm. They displayed individual but not group preference in pulling and holding the tubers with one hand and manipulating the tuber at the mouth with the other hand. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that the evolution of the visual and cognitive skills associated with inhand food handling to the changing affordance of food facilitates its management by the mouth. This visuomanual skill could be applied to other functions including tool use.

Abstract The incidence of spondylodiscitis has witnessed a significant increase in recent decades. Surgical intervention becomes necessary in case of bone destruction to remove infected tissue and restore spinal stability, often involving the implantation of a cage. Despite appropriate treatment, relapses occur in up to 20 percent of cases, resulting in substantial economic and social burdens. The formation of biofilm has been identified as a major contributor to relapse development. Currently, there is no consensus among German-speaking spinal surgeons or in the existing literature regarding the preferred choice of material to minimize relapse rates. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether certain materials used in spinal implants exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility to bacterial attachment, thereby providing valuable insights for improving treatment outcomes.Eight cages of each PEEK, titanium-coated PEEK (Ti-PEEK), titanium (Ti), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), tantalum (Ta) and antibiotic-loaded bone cement were incubated with 20% human plasma for 24 h. Subsequently, four implants were incubated with S. aureus for 24 h or 48 h each. The biofilm was then removed by sonication and the attained solution plated for Colony Forming Units (CFU) counting. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm bacterial attachment. The CFUs have been compared directly and in relation to the cages surface area. The surface area of the implants was PEEK 557 mm2, Ti-PEEK 472 mm2, Ti 985 mm2, PEKK 594 mm2, Ta 706 mm2, bone cement 123 mm2. The mean CFU count per implant and per mm2 surface area after 24 h and after 48 h was calculated. Bone cement was found to have significantly more CFUs per mm2 surface area than the other materials tested. When comparing the CFU count per implant, bone cement was statistically significantly more prone to biofilm formation than PEEK after 48 h. There was no statistical significance between the other materials when comparing both CFU count per mm2 surface area and CFU count per implant. The electron microscopic analysis showed the attachment of the bacteria, as well as production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a sign for beginning biofilm formation. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement has shown statistically significantly more bacterial attachment than the other examined materials. No difference was found between the other materials regarding bacterial attachment after 24 h and 48 h. Proposed hypotheses for further studies include testing whether differences become apparent after longer incubation or with different pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

Abstract Background PPHN is a common cause of neonatal respiratory failure and is still a serious condition and associated with high mortality. Objectives To compare the demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in neonates with PHHN who underwent ECMO and survived compared to neonates with PHHN who underwent ECMO and died. Methods We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and searched ProQuest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature for studies on the development of PPHN in neonates who underwent ECMO, published from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2023, with English language restriction. Results Of the 5689 papers that were identified, 134 articles were included in the systematic review. Studies involving 1814 neonates with PPHN who were placed on ECMO were analyzed (1218 survived and 594 died). Neonates in the PPHN group who died had lower proportion of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (6.4% vs 1.8%; p value > 0.05) and lower Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min [i.e., low Apgar score: 1.5% vs 0.5%, moderately abnormal Apgar score: 10.3% vs 1.2% and reassuring Apgar score: 4% vs 2.3%; p value = 0.039] compared to those who survived. Neonates who had PPHN and died had higher proportion of medical comorbidities such as omphalocele (0.7% vs 4.7%), systemic hypotension (1% vs 2.5%), infection with Herpes simplex virus (0.4% vs 2.2%) or Bordetella pertussis (0.7% vs 2%); p = 0.042. Neonates with PPHN in the death group were more likely to present due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (25.5% vs 47.3%), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (4.2% vs 13.5%), meconium aspiration syndrome (8% vs 12.1%), pneumonia (1.6% vs 8.4%), sepsis (1.5% vs 8.2%) and alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (0.1% vs 4.4%); p = 0.019. Neonates with PPHN who died needed a longer median time of mechanical ventilation (15 days, IQR 10 to 27 vs. 10 days, IQR 7 to 28; p = 0.024) and ECMO use (9.2 days, IQR 3.9 to 13.5 vs. 6 days, IQR 3 to 12.5; p = 0.033), and a shorter median duration of hospital stay (23 days, IQR 12.5 to 46 vs. 58.5 days, IQR 28.2 to 60.7; p = 0.000) compared to the neonates with PPHN who survived. ECMO-related complications such as chylothorax (1% vs 2.7%), intracranial bleeding (1.2% vs 1.7%) and catheter-related infections (0% vs 0.3%) were more frequent in the group of neonates with PPHN who died (p = 0.031). Conclusion ECMO in the neonates with PPHN who failed supportive cardiorespiratory care and conventional therapies has been successfully utilized with a neonatal survival rate of 67.1%. Mortality in neonates with PPHN who underwent ECMO was highest in cases born via the caesarean delivery mode or neonates who had lower Apgar scores at birth. Fatality rate in neonates with PPHN who underwent ECMO was the highest in patients with higher rate of specific medical comorbidities (omphalocele, systemic hypotension and infection with Herpes simplex virus or Bordetella pertussis) or cases who had PPHN due to higher rate of specific etiologies (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration syndrome). Neonates with PPHN who died may need a longer time of mechanical ventilation and ECMO use and a shorter duration of hospital stay; and may experience higher frequency of ECMO-related complications (chylothorax, intracranial bleeding and catheter-related infections) in comparison with the neonates with PPHN who survived.

Abstract Present study assessed the growth of two plant species and ion uptake by them grown on different proportion of industrial solid waste and garden soil. The industrial waste having high concentration of chemicals were used with garden soil at different proportion i.e. 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4). Two species namely Conocarpus erectus (alien plant) and Dodonaea viscosa (indigenous) were used as test plants in pot study. Different parameters including growth, physiology, and anatomy of plants and concentration of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) in the plant shoot and root were measured at different time duration (initial, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month). The key objective of the study was to use these plants to establish their plantations on the barren lands where industrial solid wastes were being disposed of. C. erectus showed better growth than D. viscosa, as well as more uptake of ions. A significant increase in plant growth was observed in fourth month in T1, where plant height reached 24.5% and 46% for C. erectus and D. viscosa, respectively. At harvest, in C. erectus, no significant difference in the fresh (65–78 g) and dry weight (24–30 g) of the shoot was observed across treatments compared to the control. In D. viscosa, at the time of harvest, the fresh and dry weights of the root and shoot showed a strong, significantly decreasing pattern across T1, T2, and T3, leading to the death of the plant at T3 and T4. Further, optimum ratio of waste soil to garden soil was found as 10:90 and 20:80 to establish the plantations of D. viscosa and C. erectus, respectively in areas where such solid waste from industries are disposed. Findings can be used for the restoration of such solid waste for the sustainable management of industrial areas and their associated ecosystems.

Abstract The Kerr/CFT correspondence has been established to explore the quantum theory of gravity in the near-horizon geometry of an extreme Kerr black holes. The quantum gravitational corrections on the near-horizon region may manifest in form of a partially reflective membrane that replace the horizon. In such modification, the black holes now can be seen as a horizonless exotic compact object (ECO). In this paper, we consider the properties of Kerr-like ECOs in near-extremal condition using Kerr/CFT correspondence. We study the quasinormal modes and absorption cross-section in that background and compare these by using CFT dual computation. The corresponding dual CFT one needs to incorporate finite size/finite N effects in the dual CFT terminology. We also extend the dual CFT analysis for higher spin perturbations such as photon and graviton. We find consistency between properties of the ECOs from gravity sides and from CFT sides. The quasinormal mode spectrum is in line with non-extreme case, where the differences are in the length of the circle, on which the dual CFT lives, and phase shift of the incoming perturbation. The absorption cross-section has oscillatory feature that start to disappear near extremal limit. The particle spin determines the phase shift and conformal weight. We also obtain that the echo time-delay depends on the position of the membrane and extremality of the ECOs.