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ABSTRACT: This study assessed different extension actors in the Aegean region in terms of key indicators that influence the success of extension activities. Along with the primary goal, factors affecting extensionists’ satisfaction with their working conditions were investigated. The data were collected through questionnaires from 966 extensionists working in public, private firms, farmer organizations, input dealers and consultancy in eight provinces in the region. According to the results, 80% of the farmers received extension services from public organizations in the region. While those who work in the public sector are more satisfied economically, their professional satisfaction is the lowest. Extension workers’ personal skills, sharing ideas, creativity, and authority-responsibility harmony, working freedom, staff availability and support are increasing satisfaction with working conditions in organizations. While female farmers are targeting more by the public and consultants, educated farmers are more prioritized in firms, dealers, and consultations. The internalization of innovative values is lower in the public organizations compared to the others. It is foreseen that; the public will carry out extension in developing countries for a long time. The success in extension organizations, the innovation process and pluralistic structure became quite more dependent on the relations with the private sector, domestic and international market mechanisms, demand driven giving advice and government policies on social, economic, and environmental.

Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada, bisfenol A (BPA)'ya maruz bırakılan sıçanlarda E vitamininin böbrek histomofolojisi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar sham, E vitamini, BPA ve E vitamini+BPA olmak üzere rastgele dört gruba ayrıldı. E vitamini ve BPA uygulamaları üç hafta boyunca sürdürüldü. Deney sonunda böbrek dokularından elde edilen kesitlere histomorfolojik incelemeler için Crosman’ın üçlü boyama yöntemi uygulandı. Ayrıca böbrek dokusunda süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesi ile malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi ölçüldü. Bulgular: Böbrekte korpuskulum renis sayısı, proksimal tübül, distal tübül, çıkan henle ve toplayıcı kanal çapları ile SOD aktivitesinin sham grubuna göre BPA grubunda anlamlı olarak azaldığı saptandı. Ayrıca korpuskulum renis sayısı, çıkan henle ve toplayıcı kanal çapları ile SOD aktivitesinin BPA grubuna göre E vitamini+BPA grubunda anlamlı olarak arttığı gözlendi. Diğer taraftan, MDA seviyesinin sham grubuna göre BPA grubunda anlamlı olarak arttığı, BPA grubuna göre E vitamini+BPA grubunda ise anlamlı olarak azaldığı tespit edildi. Sonuç: BPA, böbrekte histomorfolojik ve oksidatif değişikliklere neden olabilir. Bununla birlikte, E vitamini BPA maruziyetinde oksidatif hasarı azaltarak böbrek dokusunun korunmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

This study examined the value of blood marker S100A1 in detecting cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy agents; trastuzumab and lapatinib, in normal rat heart. The rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 8, no treatment), T (n = 8, one time ip treatment with 10 mg/kg trastuzumab) and L (n = 8, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day lapatinib for 7 days). The activities of oxidative stress parameters Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH) were measured from the extracted cardiac tissues. The levels of troponinI and S100A1 expressions were measured from blood samples. All biomarkers responded to the treatments as they exhibited alterations from their normative values, validating the chemically induced cardiotoxicity. S100A1 expression attenuated significantly (75%), which made the sensitive detection of cardiotoxicity feasible. Assessment of cardiotoxicity with S100A1 may be a valuable alternative in clinical oncology of cancers in some organs such as breast and prostate, as they do not overexpress it to compete against.