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In this article the phenomena of multiethnolect, ethnolect, contact language and pidgin has been analyzed, which are inherent in the speech of migrants. The peculiarities of this linguistic phenomena are based on the example of different languages (German, English, Norwegian, etc.). In particular, emphasis is placed on the reasons for their formation. The commonalities and differences between analyzed linguistic concepts are also outlined. The analyzed phenomena contains a large amount of foreign vocabulary, which is not in the literary version of the language. At the same time, they create new forms, build their specific grammar. The experience of foreign researchers working on this topic is taken into account, so examples from local realities are given. The focus is on multiethnolect as a language of modern European cities. The spread of this phenomenon beyond the narrow groups of migrants, where it was formed, is traced. For example, in Germany, a mixture of German and Turkish is popular among ethnic German youth. An attempt is made to compare the realities of migrant speech in Europe with the speech of migrants in Ukraine. Based on the sociological study «Prestige of Ukrainian language among foreign students in Lviv» the features of the language of foreign students of three largest Lviv universities: Lviv Polytechnic National University, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University, Lviv National University have been analyzed. According to the study, almost all foreign students use Ukrainian words, both in literary language and in slang, dialect and «surzhyk» are common on the streets of Lviv. In fact, Ukrainian language is most often used in everyday situations outside the university: for example, in public places – transport (81.8%), shops (90.2%), cafes and restaurants (82.2%), health care facilities (68%). In contrast, in the academic environment, the language of communication is mostly English – 67.6%, and at the place of residence of students – their native language (67.6%). This is due to the fact that most university courses are taught in English, and most foreign students, as already mentioned, are not interested in staying in Ukraine after graduation, so they are not highly motivated to deepen their knowledge of Ukrainian. Thus, the primacy of the communicative function of Ukrainian language among foreign students is attested; the most typical situations in which foreigners use Ukrainian language are identified; an attempt has been made to explain the current state of affairs. The speech of foreign students is classified as a contact language and prepidzhin, which is caused by the temporary stay of these people on the territory of Ukraine, and hence the need for full integration with Ukrainian society. To increase the interest in Ukrainian language by foreign students, exercises with the use of slang vocabulary have been proposed.

This Special Issue collects articles devoted to various aspects of astrophysics which can be understood as a science investigating stars, galaxies, their types and properties, stages of their evolution, distribution in the Universe and the interstellar and intergalactic media [...]

We study the problem of classification of various real-world objects using as input a database (DB) of laboratory polarimetric measures (Mueller matrix elements—MMEs). It can work as a complementary technology of surroundings’ imaging that can be used, in particular, in autonomous driving. To this end, we look for an algorithm using less input parameters without great loss of the quality of classification. We start by analyzing the data in order to understand the attributes that are more important for associating the objects with one of several predefined classes. Different sets of attributes are studied using an artificial neural network (ANN), which is optimized in terms of the number of hidden layers and the activation function. After that, an improved machine learning (ML) architecture is built using the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier on each cluster generated by applying the pre-trained ANN to the training set. This article focuses on the situation wherein one may not be able to measure all MMEs or it would be too expensive or challenging to implement when the measurement time is crucial. The results obtained for a reduced set of attributes using different ML architectures are very good, especially for the proposed combined ANN-KNN approach (wherein the ANN acts as a predictor and KNN as a corrector), which can help to avoid measuring all MMEs.

In this paper we present the problem of a noisy lexical taxonomy and suggest two tasks as potential remedies. The first task is to identify and eliminate incorrect hypernymy links, and the second is to repopulate the taxonomy with new relations. The first task consists of revising the entire taxonomy and returning a Boolean for each assertion of hypernymy between two nouns (e.g. brie is a kind of cheese). The second task consists of recursively producing a chain of hypernyms for a given noun, until the most general node in the taxonomy is reached (e.g. brie → cheese → food → etc.). In order to achieve these goals, we implemented a hybrid hypernym-detection algorithm that incorporates various intuitions, such as syntagmatic, paradigmatic and morphological association measures as well as lexical patterns. We evaluate these algorithms individually and collectively and report findings in Spanish, English and French.

Nanofluid bioconvective channel flow is an essential aspect of the recent healthcare industry applications, such as biomedical processing systems. Thus, the present work examined the influence of nth order chemical reaction in an unsteady nanofluid bioconvective channel flow in a horizontal microchannel with expanding/contracting walls. The suitable form of the similarity transformation is exercised to transform the governing boundary layer equations into a more straightforward form of system to ease the computation process. The Runge–Kutta method of fifth-order integration technique solved the reduced boundary layer system and generated the numerical results as the governing parameters vary. It is found that the destructive second-order chemical reaction enhances the mass transfer rate at the lower wall but deteriorates the mass transfer rate at the upper wall. The upper channel wall has a better heat transfer rate than the lower wall when the Reynolds number increases.

У статті досліджено скандинавські та слов’янські середньовічні асамблеї, а саме – проаналізовано їхню діяльність, простежено еволюцію упродовж X-XI ст. Задля цього висвітлено функціонування зібрань у західному Помор’ї, Норвегії, Швеції та на о. Готланд, окреслено особливості місцевого суспільного устрою та ранньодержавних інститутів, таких як правителі, вожді різного рангу, дружини та культові центри. З’ясовано головні функції середньовічних скандинавських і слов’янських асамблей – репрезентативну та інтеграційну.

The possibility of using various types of ion-exchange membranes in diffusion dialysis for the separation of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate has been evaluated. The process of the dialysis separation of a real waste solution from an electroplating facility containing 252.3 g/L of sulfuric acid, 20.9 g/L of nickel ions and small amounts of zinc, iron, copper ions, etc. has been studied. Heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane containing sulfonic groups and heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes with different thicknesses (from 145 μm to 550 μm) and types of fixed groups (four samples with quaternary ammonium base and one sample with secondary and tertiary amines) have been used. The diffusion fluxes of sulfuric acid, nickel sulfate, and the total and osmotic fluxes of the solvent have been determined. The use of a cation-exchange membrane does not allow the separation of the components, since the fluxes of both components are low and comparable in magnitude. The use of anion-exchange membranes makes it possible to efficiently separate sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate. Anion-exchange membranes with quaternary ammonium groups are more effective in the diffusion dialysis process, while the thin membrane turns out to be the most effective.

Background and objectives: Playing video games is associated with poor academic achievement, Student who got their game systems directly spent less time on homework and, four months later, they got lower reading and writing scores, their teachers were more likely to report academic difficulties. The aim of study is to identify the effect of play video game on school achievement. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at five primary school in Erbil city 50 students was taken as a case group compared with 200 students as control group started from 15 September to 15 November 2020. A Questionnaire format was used as a tool for data collection and consists, demographic information of the students, parents and some Items about students game, Official permission has been obtained from College of Nursing / Hawler Medical University, Ministry of Education and primary schools. Data was analyzed through using frequency, percentage and chi-square by using SPSS, 22. Results: The study reveal that 58% of participants were age group between 12-14 years old, 74% of them were boys among playing group, 18% of father were graduated from college, 60% of played children were from middle socioeconomic status, 16% of game players have missed school, 66% of played students were missed homework, about 10% of the students have a good school achievement among who played video games and more than half (58%) among non-play students. There is highly significant association between parent educational levels with their children school achievement. Conclusions: Playing video game was negatively associated with poor school achievement. The study recommended the parent to limit the time of playing less than one hour daily, also limit the number and type of game especially fighting game and replaced with educational game.

In the present study, the problem of sulfuric acid recycling from spent copper plating solution was solved using a hybrid membrane technology, including diffusion dialysis and electrodialysis. A real solution from the production of copper-coated steel wire, containing 1.45 mol/L of sulfuric acid, 0.67 mol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.176 mol/L of copper sulfate, was processed. Diffusion dialysis with anion-exchange membranes was used to separate sulfuric acid and salts of heavy metals. Then, purified dilute sulfuric acid was concentrated by electrodialysis. The energy consumption for sulfuric acid electrodialysis concentration at a current density of 400 A/m2 was 162 W·h/mol, with a current efficiency of 16%. After processing according to the hybrid membrane scheme, the solution contained 1.13 mol/L sulfuric acid, 0.077 mol/L ferrous sulfate and 0.022 mol/L copper sulfate. According to established requirements, the solution of a copper plating bath had to contain from 0.75 to 1.25 M sulfuric acid, 0.16–0.18 M of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate not more than 0.15 M. The resulting acid solution with a small amount of ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate could be used to prepare a copper plating bath solution.

Background and objectives: Dehydration caused by diarrhea is considered as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children all over the world, fluid therapy remain the most effective methods to treat dehydration. Nurses are responsible for initiating, monitoring, terminating, knowing preventing and complications of intravenous fluid therapy. The main aim of the study was to compare nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning fluid therapy in children in public versus private hospitals. Methods: A comparative study design was conducted in children hospitals in Erbil City. A randomized sampling technique was used for enrolling 98 nurses from three pediatric hospitals; from three pediatric hospitals; 70 from Rapareen Public Hospital other 28 nurses from Lala and Consultant Medical City Private Hospitals. The data were collected through direct interview and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (paired Samples t-test) using SPSS 22.0. Results: The results revealed that highest percentage of nurses age group were 22-28 years, 67.1% %were female in public hospital, about 34.3% and 64.3% graduated from institutes in both hospitals. there was no significant difference between the nurses socio-demographic characteristics from public hospital and private hospitals. There was a significant difference between the nurses from public hospital and private hospitals regard-ing their KAP. The nurses from private hospital have better KAP than public Hospital. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of fluid therapy among nurses of Rapareen Public Hospital were poor, while the nurses from private hospitals had an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of fluid therapy.

The current study aimed to develop a luteolin gastric floating microsponge for targeting Helicobacter pylori. The microsponge formulations were prepared by a quasi-emulsion method, and then evaluated for various physicochemical variables. The best microsponge was further assessed for drug-polymer interactions, surface morphology, in vivo floating, and in vitro anti H. pylori activity. The formulation which exhibited comparatively good production yield (64.45% ± 0.83), high entrapment efficiency (67.33% ± 3.79), prolonged in vitro floating time (>8 h), and sustained in-vitro drug release was selected as the best microsponge. The SEM study revealed that the best microsponge was spherical in shape and has a porous surface with interconnecting channels. DSC and XRD studies demonstrated the dispersion of luteolin in the polymeric matrix of the microsponge. Ultrasonography confirmed that the best microsponge could in the rat stomach for 4 h. The in vitro MIC results indicate that the anti H. pylori activity of the best microsponge was almost doubled and more sustained compared to pure luteolin. To conclude, it can be said that the developed luteolin gastric floating microsponge could be a better option to effectively eradicate H. pylori infections and the histopathological and pharmacodynamic assessments of our best microsponge can be expected to provide a rewarding outcome.

У статті досліджуються особливості державної політики щодо репатріації кримськотатарського народу в 1956-2014 рр. - у період після визнання незаконною ХХ з'їздом КПРС політики депортацій. Це уможливило постановку питання щодо політичної реабілітації й повернення на історичну батьківщину депортованих за національною ознакою народів Криму, що тривали до окупації півострова військами Росії в березні 2014 р. Установлено, що тривалий, складний і багатогранний процес репатріації - результат наполегливої боротьби кримськотатарського народу за свої права за умов жорсткої протидії з боку партійно-радянського керівництва, а після розпаду СРСР і проголошення незалежності України - економічних проблем та непослідовності у вирішенні багатьох внутрішньополітичних питань.

This work discusses the applicability of polyaniline-modified cation exchange membranes for the separation of monovalent/divalent cations by electrodialysis. A novel method of membrane modification directly in the electrodialysis unit is used to prepare permselective membranes. Complex characterization of the membranes before and after modification allows revealing the influence of membrane matrix on the modification efficiency. The characterization of the membranes includes determination of the diffusion permeability, specific conductivity and current–voltage curves in HCl, NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, as well as transport-structural parameters of the extended three-wire model. The characterization results are used to predict the influence of the modification on membrane permselectivity. The competitive mass transfer of singly and doubly charged cations in the electrodialysis process is investigated in underlimiting and overlimiting currents. Electrodialysis desalination of a solution containing Na+/Ca2+ or H+/Ca2+ cations shows that the modification leads to an increase in membrane permselectivity to single-charged cations due to the repulsion of Ca2+ ions from the positively charged membrane surface. The permselectivity of the polyaniline-modified perfluorinated membrane to H+ in the mixture of H+/Ca2+ cations is observed in all current regimes.

This paper proposes a predictive driver coaching (PDC) system for fuel economy driving for hybrid electric trucks using upcoming static map and dynamic traffic data. Unlike traditional methods that optimize over engine torque and brake to obtain a speed profile, we propose to optimize over driving modes of trucks to achieve a trade-off between fuel consumption and trip time. The optimal driving mode is provided to the driver as a coaching recommendation. To obtain the optimal solution, the truck dynamics are firstly modeled as a hybrid controlled switching dynamical system with autonomous subsystems and then a hybrid optimal control problem (HOCP) is formulated. The problem is solved using an algorithm based on discrete hybrid minimum principle. A warm-start strategy to reduce algorithmic iterations is used by employing a shrinking horizon strategy. In addition, an extensive analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided. We prove that the the coasting mode is never optimal given the truck configuration and and we provide a guideline for tuning parameters to maintain the optimal mode sequence. Finally, the algorithm is validated using real-world data from baseline driving tests using a DAF hybrid truck. Significant reduction in fuel consumption is achieved when the data is perfectly available.

A disturbed eruption process creates a clinical situation that is challenging to diagnose and treat. The clinical arena of tooth eruption disorders includes both syndromic and nonsyndromic problems varying from delayed eruption to a complete failure of eruption or sometimes retained primary teeth. This paper reports a rare case of retained bilateral primary incisors on mandibular arch in a systemically healthy patient with eruption of the permanent central and lateral incisors bilaterally.

Actinomyces israelii is a branching anaerobic bacilli microorganism that can be identified as normal flora throughout various portions of the human alimentary canal. It is crucial to establish a diagnosis as treatment will vary depending on the clinical form of the disease. We report a case of a 78-year-old man who initially presented with an acute onset of respiratory distress displayed contrast leakage on computed tomography from the site of a previously inserted esophageal stent for an unsuccessful surgical repair of an esophageal rupture. In addition to the contrast leakage, the presence of a bronchopulmonary fistula imaging prompted the need for further investigation. Our patient was empirically treated with antibiotics and obtained blood cultures, which returned positive A. israelii.

The presence of an aortoenteric fistula following aortobifemoral graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with a high probability of infection leading to clinically significant bacteremia. We report a case of an aortoenteric fistula that developed two years after initial aortic grafting resulting in colonization with the anaerobe, Eggerthella lenta. This dangerous bacterium is difficult to culture, associated with high mortality and the patient may have mild symptoms on presentation.

Health care has changed dramatically by the scientific blend of computers and telecommunication. The result of which is the telemedicine, an innovative field that involves the exchange of clinical information and images over remote distances for consultation and treatment planning by linking them with the specialists in larger communities. This has increased the patient access to dental care, by improving the quality of care, and the cost effectiveness. It is also very useful in long-distance clinical training, continuing education, screening, and dentist-laboratory communication. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the basics and applications of teledentistry.

Streptococcus intermedius, a member of the Streptococcal anginosus group of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, remains a notable infectious agent causing necrotizing pneumonia and abscesses. We report a case of a young male with pulmonary nodules found to have Streptococcus intermedius and no other underlying hepatic or dental history who was treated with ceftriaxone and avoided surgical intervention. A review of the literature reveals cases that are typically treated with a combined surgical and medical approach. These same cases often involve middle aged to elderly individuals who have a past history of tobacco use, alcoholic liver cirrhosis and/or poor dentition. This case stands out given the patient’s atypical presentation.

This study aims to examine the effect of governing parameters on the flow and heat transfer of the steady mixed convection flow embedded in porous medium with convective boundary conditions. The resulting system of nonlinear partial differential equations is solved numerically. The special case at the lower stagnation point of the cylinder is observed and the case where bottom surface of the cylinder is heated by convection from hot fluids is considered. Numerical solutions are obtained for the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles for two values of governing parameters namely convective parameter γ and Lewis number Le. It is found that as the convective parameter γ increases, velocity profile, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profile also increases.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H12N2OS, centrosymmetric dimers are stabilized both by van der Waals interactions and by two types of intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds. In addition, an intramolecular C—H...S hydrogen bond is observed. The dihedral angles between the central ring and the two pendant phenyl rings are 7.4 (1) and 45.06 (9)°.

Polyanilne-Oxalic have been successfully synthesized by using aniline hydrochloride and ammonium per sulfate in ice path at(0-5)0C, and oxalic acids as dopents. The structural and optical properties of (PAni) are investigated by using UV-VIS spectra photometer, the XRD analysis and FT-IR pattern confirmed the formation of (PAni) . The UV-VISspectra show three absorption peaks at (299),(362),(454) nm , the value of Eg is equal to 2.7 eV .The electrical properties are investigated. The experiment results show that the D.C. electrical conductivity of PAni-ox. are ( 8.2×10-2S/cm ) at R.T.

Abstract Background Both urinary bilharziasis and urothelial neoplasia are associated with increased production of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Patients and methods Urine and serum CEA were determined in 43 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma including 22 post bilharzial and 21 nonbiharzial cases, in addition to 10 normal control cases. Results A significant increase was detected in both urine and serum CEA levels with bladder carcinoma compared to control cases. Urinary CEA was significantly elevated in 86% of bilharzial, versus 62% in nonbilharzial bladder carcinoma. Only 10.5% of control cases had urinary CEA elevation. The mean urinary CEA in bilharzial, was higher than that of nonbilharzial carcinoma, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a definite relationship between urine CEA and the stage of malignancy; the higher the stage, the higher the level of urine CEA. No relationship could be detected between the stage of malignancy and serum CEA, or between the grades of malignancy and urine or serum CEA levels. Conclusion Urinary CEA is more useful than serum CEA in the early detection of urotherlial carcinoma particularly if provoked by bilharziasis. Its level is also correlated with the tumor stage.