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The problems of the history of socialist ideas, their origin and possible role in nowadays became the subject of scholar interest again. The problem of the social arrangement becomes more acute today than ever. Descriptions and even attempts to construct a harmonious society appeared many centuries ago. Two revolutions The Great French Revolution and the industrial revolution annihilated the ideological basis of previous times pushing forward the class structure instead of medieval system of estates. The first ones who found out the signs of order, not complete chaos, were early socialists A. Saint-Simon, S. Fourier, and R. Owen. This research is devoted to the comparison of approaches to the idea of social harmony of Saint-Simonists and Owenists. The main research method used is political-textual analysis. The conclusion of present study confirms that Saint-Simon and Owen being on the same side, followed different ways leading to harmonious state. However, their projects were united by a common radical idea - the complete reorganization of society, first - the system of classes and estates.

Robert Owen, in the first two decades of the 19th century, developed a political project of economic, social, and political regeneration that he applied with considerable success in the microcosm of his factory/village in New Lanark. Despite of the criticisms directed at him by Marx and Engels, Owen’s thought contains several reflections and proposals that have not only proved pragmatic and effective in the decades that followed, but also contain a propulsive and unifying force that could facilitate the reconstitution of those ties, if not community ties, at least social and economic ones, which the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic shattered.

Se analiza la dinámica sociointercultural del surgimiento del puerto de Topolobampo en México, con la instalación de una colonia estadounidense. Se propuso hacer una descripción desde dos aristas que dan muestra del complejo fenómeno sociohistórico: una partiendo de las relaciones interculturales y la otra desde las intenciones políticas. Se encontró que, en la primera, el racismo ejecutado, tanto por los colonos americanos como por los mexicanos en perjuicio de los indígenas yoremes de la localidad, se presentaba ante jerarquías de color y de estatus económico. La instalación de los colonos ayudó a reforzar las clases sociales en la localidad. En la segunda, la práctica de la colonia siempre estuvo matizada por grandes negocios y no era ajena a preceptos racistas y discriminadores. El hecho es que las condiciones estuvieron propicias para una invasión justificada por los negocios y la adquisición desmedida de territorio, la contradicción con la práctica socialista de la colonia y el involucramiento de personajes de altas esferas políticas de México y de Estados Unidos.

Contrasting definitions of organs based either on function or on strictly morphological criteria are the legacy of a tradition starting with Aristotle. This floating characterization of organs in terms of both form and function extends also to organ systems. The first section of this review outlines the notions of organ and body part as defined, explicitly or implicitly, in representative works of nineteenth century’s comparative morphology. The lack of a clear distinction between the two notions led to problems in Owen’s approach to the comparative method (definition of homolog vs. nature of the vertebrate archetype) and to a paradoxical formulation, by Anton Dohrn, of the principle of functional change. Starting from the second half of the twentieth century, with the extensive use of morphological data in phylogenetic analyses, both terms – organ and body part – have been often set aside, to leave room for a comparison between variously characterized attributes (character states) of the taxa to be compared. Throughout the last two centuries, there have been also efforts to characterize organs or body parts in terms of the underlying developmental dynamics, both in the context of classical descriptive embryology and according to models suggested by developmental genetics. Functionally defined organ are occasionally co-extensive with morphologically defined body parts, nevertheless a clear distinction between the former and the latter is a necessary prerequisite to a study of their evolution: this issue is discussed here on the example of the evolution of hermaphroditism and gonad structure and function.

Five chapters constitute this essay: 1) In an international context of and transitional (in)justice in post-war and in post-authoritarian regime context, after presenting an overview of the relation between conflict and institutional evolution, firstly I will turn to the interdependence of justice and virtue. Secondly, the Kelsen’s ideas of the demise of sovereignty will be examined, along with these problems: how should citizens react to the fall of a non-democratic regime? How should they initiate reconstruction in a country where conflicts are coming to an end? 2) Even if Western societies today are marked by a broad liberal consensus in favour of toleration, here, starting from the “inegalitarian charge”, I will attack toleration as an egalitarian ideal, concluding by appealing to “right to interference” criterion. 3) How should non-liberal people be treated in liberal societies? To which extent can illiberal views be tolerated? Criticizing Rawls, I reject the use of mere reasonableness, arguing that is bound to fail. 4) Instead of asking whether or not the relevant sort of institutional coercion exists, I question whether this justice requires the supply of various global public goods; I suggest that these cannot be supplied without international coercion; fourthly, I sketch some theory of global distributive (in)justice. 5) Finally, I will distinguish some aspects of political equality, rebutting an objection from legitimacy minimalism or political libertarianism.

En este artículo, pretendo celebrar los 60 años de la edición de Poesía y prosa de Gilberto Owen e insistir en la necesidad de una nueva edición de sus Obras (1979). Con ese fin, presento un panorama general sobre la aventura editorial del polígrafo mexicano, así como una profusa información acerca de dos artículos periodísticos (desconocidos en México) que Owen publicó en El Tiempo, de Bogotá, en una columna titulada “Cuaderno de Ocios” los días 13 y 19 de abril de 1933. Finalmente, anexos, presento los dos textos como un aporte más para completar sus obras todavía dispersas. In this article, I intend to celebrate 60 years of the publishing of Poesía y prosa (1953) by Gilberto Owen and emphasize the need for a new edition of his Obras (1979). To that end, I present an overview of the Mexican polygraph editorial adventure and a wealth of information about two newspaper articles (unknown in Mexico) published by Owen in El Tiempo of Bogota, in a column titled “Cuaderno de Ocios” on the 13 and 19 of April 1933. Finally, annexes, I introduce the two texts as another contribution to complete Owen´s works still scattered.

Firstly, in this article it is examined the nature of the putative remarks concerning evolution of species that are found in the works that Richard Owen published before 1858; and then it is made the same thing with the few and vague evolutionist conjectures that Owen certainly made after the public presentation of Natural Selection Theory. Regarding the former topic, the goal will be to highlight the ambiguity of those Owen’s remarks, and concerning the latter topic what is looked for is to show that, when he explained his transmutationist thesis, Owen didn’t go beyond a pious theistic evolutionism, without postulating any mechanism of evolutionary change and remaining faithful to Design Theology praised by Paley.

Darwin’s extensive reading of literature was a crucial starting point for Gillian Beer’s insights into the interchange between science and culture which have shaped scholarship in the field for the last three decades. However, while the impact of Darwin’s reading on the imaginative development of his theories has continued to be an extremely productive area of study, there has been hardly any consideration of the broader context of nineteenth-century scientists’ reading practices in relation to literature, giving the impression that Darwin’s thought was especially, perhaps uniquely, amenable to the impact of his immersion in fiction and poetry. This paper examines the extensive but relatively little-known literary reading of the comparative anatomist Richard Owen, suggesting that important aspects of other, and even explicitly non-Darwinian, areas of Victorian science were just as likely to be influenced by their practitioners’ enthusiasm for fiction and poetry. That Darwin and Owen frequently read the same literary works, and often in the same or similar locations (whether in metropolitan clubs or out in the field), also permits direct comparisons of their reading practices, which, intriguingly, suggest that, far from being uniquely amenable to it, Darwin’s scientific thought might in fact have been shaped much less by his literary reading than that of contemporaneous naturalists like Owen. In particular, the paper focuses on Owen’s reading of serial fiction, and considers the close parallels between his practices of reading serial novels and his use of comparative anatomy in his renowned reconstructions of the skeletons of prehistoric creatures.

This essay reads Our Mutual Friend as Dickens’s rejoinder to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, and sees it as a novel that is profoundly shaped by the imaginative impact of Darwin’s work. However, the direct influence of On the Origin of Species is not the essay’s major concern. Instead, the essay sees this novel as a response to some of the questions posed by Darwin’s work about how a natural world driven by chance and contigency, death, waste and hunger might be redeemed. I focus on the figure of Mr Venus, the taxidermist who, I argue, is an affectionate portrait of Dickens’s friend Richard Owen. By tracing Owen’s involvement in debates over evolution and the origins of life, I show that these contemporary debates had a considerable backwash in a novel saturated with the metaphors of evolution, and centrally concerned with the nature of, and the relationship betweeen, life and death. I suggest that Mr Venus’s shop is a comic version of the Hunterian Museum, over which Owen presided, and that its portrayal encapuslates the novel’s concerns with evolution, life and death. I argue that Dickens’s response to the challenge of Darwinism is to see love as the world’s redemption, and that he uses transmuted versions of Mr Venus’s shop as a vivid metaphor for the idea that love is the redeeming spark of life. I suggest, though, that in the post-Darwinian imaginative landscape, love could not redeem all, and that Dickens’s redeeming vision of love is finally inadequate to save all his characters. ‘What the alligator knew, ages deep in the slime’ was that love was powerless against nature -and what it didn’t know, and Dickens tried to show in this, his last completed novel, is that in spite of the ruthless rapacity of both nature and human society, love makes the world go round.

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.