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Agro-residues, including banana peel, pineapple peel, mango peel, apple peel, and coconut husk, were utilized to produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) via solid state fermentation(SSF) by the fungus, Trichoderma hamatum. EPS production was highest in pineapple peel (84.2 ± 0.4 mg/g), followed by mango peel (70.3 ± 0.41 mg/g) (p

As the demand for energy continues to rise, it is still primarily met by fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources. In addition, oil production, particularly in older fields, is declining. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method utilized in this study is surfactant injection with the addition of waste pineapple peel. The experiment was carried out in a controlled laboratory setting, using surfactant and brine solutions with salinities of 5,000 ppm and 12,000 ppm, respectively. The concentration range of alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) surfactant employed ranged from 0.2% to 0.6% (2×10-6 m3 and to 0.6% from 1×10-3 m3). The solution was tested at two different temperatures, specifically 30°C and 60°C. The solution was tested with the addition of the pineapple peel and without pineapple peel. The density, viscosity, and interfacial tension of the two solutions were determined using laboratory measurements. The subsequent procedure involves the injection of the core sample in order to determine the oil recovery factor. The interfacial tension (IFT) values obtained were 17.5 mN/m in the absence of additives and 15.4 mN/m in the presence of additives derived from pineapple peel. The recovery factor for a solution with a salinity of 12,000 ppm and a concentration of 0.6% is determined to be 42.01%. Additionally, the recovery factor for a surfactant solution with the addition of pineapple peel is found to be 44.26%. Based on the findings of this study, the utilization of waste pineapple peel demonstrates a beneficial impact on the process of oil production.

Kepok banana and pineapple are horticultural commodities found in West Kalimantan. The two fruits are generally used as processed foods such as fried bananas and pineapple jam. The use of fruit as food often leaves the peel as a by-product, which can produce waste twice the weight of the food consumed. Meanwhile, waste utilization is an innovation in food processing into functional products which are developed into hard candy. Therefore, this research aims to the specific and non-specific characterization of raw materials for making candy, namely the combination of banana and pineapple peel extract (KP-KN). The characterization is organoleptic tests on the content of ethanol-soluble and water-soluble extracts. The Total phenolic content was determined by the Follin ciocalticeu method with UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, antioxidant activity tests with DPPH and FRAP methods using UV/Vis spectrophotometry and ELISA to determine antioxidant activity. The mineral content was observed using the molybdate vandalate method with UV/vis spectrophotometry and ICP-MS, Heavy metal contamination using the ICP-MS tool, and microbial contamination using the plate method. Moreover, the infundation process was carried out on banana and pineapple peels, and the results were evaporated using a food dehydrator to obtain a combination extract. The results showed that the organoleptically KP-KN combination extract had a bitter taste, pineapple smells, 15.57% ash content, ethanol soluble extract content of 55.10%, and 47.99% water-soluble extract. Also, the total phenolic of 6.22 g/Kg, as well as the mineral content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), and Phosphorus (P), which were 47.23 g/Kg, 291.43 mg/Kg,

Biosurfactants have wide applications in several industries. However, high production costs and safety concerns have limited their comprehensive use. Twenty-five strains of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from fermenting maize slurry, were screened for biosurfactant production using the emulsification activity (E24) assay. The selected bacterium was identified molecularly using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Lactobacillus plantarum OG8. The effect of some cultural factors on biosurfactant production from the bacterium, using pineapple peel as a low-cost substrate, was investigated. The optimum yield of biosurfactant occurred at a 48 h incubation period, using glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The biosurfactant was characterized to possess mostly carbohydrates, followed by protein and lipid contents. Optima pH 10.0 and temperature 60 °C were the best for the biosurfactant activity. The biosurfactant exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. The use of pineapple peel as a low-cost substrate for biosurfactant production from Lactobacillus plantarum OG8 will serve for cost-effective production. The biosurfactantt produced exhibited promising properties such as thermostability and antimicrobial activity against food spoilage and pathogenes that could make it suitable for food processing and preservation.

It has been reported that pineapple (Ananas comosus) contains healthy nutrients and phytochemicals associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, a substantial amount of pineapple residue is produced due to a lack of valorization applications at the industrial scale, resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is proposed as an innovative strategy to enhance the release of bound phenolics from pineapple residues. In this work, the effects of SSF of pineapple peels with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Aspergillus oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated, respectively. Pineapple peel extracts after SSF showed an increase in the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and anti-inflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Therefore, SSF of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and A. oryzae thrives as a new approach for the production of secondary metabolites with remarkable biological benefits, which can be the precursors for novel biofortified and nutraceutical-enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers.

Pickering emulsions (PE) are systems made up of two incompatible fluids, these are stabilized by solid organic or inorganic particles located on their interface. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable and biocompatible value-added naturally occurring biomolecules which are being investigated as PE stabilizers in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of pineapple cellulose nanocrystals as stabilizers for a ginger essential oil-in-water Pickering emulsion. Anionic pineapple cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by acid hydrolysis. Ginger essential oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by ultrasonication. Pineapple CNC produced stable Pickering emulsions with surface average droplet size of 4.3 μm–6.2 μm, high negative zeta potential, high viscosity, and high adsorption at the interface. Pickering emulsions by ultrasonication were stable against droplet coalescence, phase separation, and droplet flocculation for at least 8 weeks at 25 °C or 40 °C at various droplet sizes. The emulsion droplet size and volume density (droplet size distribution) were evaluated by varying the particle concentration (CNC 0.25 g/100 ml or 0.50 g/100 ml) and/or oil fraction (10–20 g/100 ml). At constant oil fraction, the emulsion viscosity increased as the nanocrystal concentration increased. The cellulose nanocrystal-stabilized ginger oil-Pickering emulsions exhibited shear-thinning characteristics of a pseudo-plastic fluid. Pineapple nanocellulose crystal -stabilized ginger oil-Pickering emulsions exhibited high stability with a creaming index of zero. CNC was found to be an effective Pickering stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions in various food applications.

This study aims to assess the effects of the partial replacement of whole corn silage (WCS) with fermented pineapple peel residue (FPPR) on growth, serological parameters, muscle quality, rumen microorganisms, and fecal microorganisms. A total of 24 Chuanzhong black goats weighing 10.23 ± 1.42 kg were evaluated in a randomized complete trial design in accordance with the following treatments: (1) 0% FPPR in the diet, (2) 25% FPPR in the diet, and (3) 50% FPPR in the diet. In goats, the partial substitution of FPPR for WCS increased the abundance of probiotics, such as Blautia, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Ruminococcus albus, and did not exert significant effects on overall serological parameters and muscle quality. In conclusion, the partial substitution of FPPR for WCS in the diet did not impair or affect the productive performance of goats.

Phenolic compounds that are present in pineapple by-products offer many health benefits to the consumer; however, they are unstable to many environmental factors. For this reason, encapsulation is ideal for preserving their beneficial effects. In this work, extracts were obtained by the combined method of solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae and ultrasound. After this process, the encapsulation process was performed by ionotropic gelation using corn starch, sodium alginate, and Weissella confusa exopolysaccharide as wall material. The encapsulates produced presented a moisture content between 7.10 and 10.45% (w.b), a solubility of 53.06 ± 0.54%, and a wettability of 31.46 ± 2.02 s. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity of DPPH, and ABTS of the encapsulates were also determined, finding 232.55 ± 2.07 mg GAE/g d.m for TPC, 45.64 ± 0.9 µm Trolox/mg GAE for DPPH, and 51.69 ± 1.08 µm Trolox/mg GAE for ABTS. Additionally, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis allowed us to identify and quantify six bioactive compounds: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin. According to the above, using ionotropic gelation, it was possible to obtain microencapsulates containing bioactive compounds from pineapple peel extracts, which may have applications in the development of functional foods.

Single-cell protein (SCP) is the term used for crude or pure protein derived from simple single or multi-celled microorganisms. Pineapple peel contains monosaccharides as much as 10.8% so that it can be used as a fermentation medium in single-cell protein production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbon sources of fructose and sucrose on pH, cell dry weight, and protein content in the manufacture of single-cell proteins. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the addition of carbon (fructose, sucrose, and control) and fermentation time (24.48, and 72 hours). The data analysis used the variance test and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) continued to test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the addition of carbon to the media had a very significant effect on media pH, cell dry weight, and protein content. In the medium with the addition of fructose it has a pH of 3.81; dry weight 0.4203 grams; and protein content 69.08/L. Whereas in the media with the addition of sucrose, the pH was 4.33, the dry weight of the cells was 0.3385 grams, and the cells had a protein content of 85.55 mg/L. The addition of a fructose carbon source gave the cell dry weight more than the addition of carbon sucrose

The objective of this study was to investigate isotherm adsorption of carbon microparticles from pineapple peel waste. Carbon microparticles were prepared by carbonizing pineapple peel waste at 215-250°C and grinding using a saw-milling process. To investigate adsorption properties of carbon microparticles, experiments were done by evaluating adsorption of curcumin (as a model of adsorbate) in the ambient temperature and pressure under constant pH condition. To confirm the adsorption characteristics, carbon particles with different sizes (i.e., 100, 125, and 200 ?m) were tested, and the adsorption results were compared with several standard isotherm adsorption models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin- Radushkevich. To support the adsorption analysis, several characterizations (i.e., optical microscope, sieve test, and Fourier transform infrared analysis) were conducted. The adsorption test showed that the adsorption profile is fit to the Freundlich model for all variations, indicating the multilayer adsorption process on heterogeneous surfaces and interactions between adsorbate molecules. The results from other isotherm models also confirmed that the adsorption process occurs physically via Van der Waals force in binding adsorbate on the surface of adsorbent.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of pineapple peel (PP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as the substrate for vanillic acid and vanillin production. About 202 ± 18 mg L−1 and 120 ± 11 mg L−1 of ferulic acid was produced from the PP and PCL respectively. By applied response surface methodology, the ferulic acid yield was increased to 1055 ± 160 mg L−1 by treating 19.3% of PP for 76 min, and 328 ± 23 mg L−1 by treating 9.9% of PCL for 36 min in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 120 °C. The results revealed that PP extract was better than PCL extract for vanillic acid and vanillin production. Furthermore, the experiment also proved that large volume feeding was more efficient than small volume feeding for high vanillic acid and vanillin yield. Through large volume feeding, about 7 ± 2 mg L−1 of vanillic acid and 5 ± 1 mg L−1 of vanillin was successfully produced from PP extract via Aspergillus niger fermentation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of alkaline soaking time on the crude fiber and protein fractions of pineapple peel. The research consisted of two stages, the first stage was immersion of pineapple peel with husk ash water filtration concentration (FAAS) and different soaking times, and the second stage was about giving basic pineapple peel flour (TNKB) with different percentages in the ration. The first stage used a factorial completely randomized design consisting of FAAS concentration factors of 20%, 30%, and 40%, and immersion time factors of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The second stage used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% TNKB treatments in the ration. . The best reduction in fiber and crude protein fractions from alkaline soaking preparations will be given to broiler chicken feed rations. The result of immersion of 30% concentration with soaking time for 72 hours showed the best decrease for the fiber fraction. So that this processed pineapple skin flour can be given to broiler chicken feed rations. The results of the study concluded that the use of alkaline acidification of pineapple peel in rations could be used up to a level of 15% without affecting the performance of broiler chickens.

Free fatty acid removal in used palm oil by ash of pine apple peels as low cost adsorbent was investigated. The adsorption was optimized with respect to contact time (30-330 min), the amount of adsorbent (0.5-2.0 g) and the temperature (30-60°C). It was found that 2 g of ash in 50 g used palm oil at 250 rpm, 30°C provided the highest adsorption in 81.39%. Additionally, the data was better fitted to Langmuir isotherm (R2 =0.9954) than Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetic was consistent with pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9980). Furthermore, the adsorption thermodynamics study was revealed that the change in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were -48.614 kJ/mol, -0.124 kJ/ mol.K and -11.042 to -7.322 kJ/mol respectively.

To promote the student curiosity and understanding in the electrolyte medium was carried out using home-made Volta cell. The electrode materials were iron and carbon for anode (-) and cathode (+), respectively. The experiment was designed by two models that were single-chamber (SC) and three series-packed chambers (3-SCs), respectively. Electrolyte properties could be investigated in pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.)-based electrolyte medium during the operating time of 8 hours, respectively. The measured-voltage of 2.63 and 2.60 of the 3-SCs system could turn on the LED lamp. However, in this study, the decrease of voltage and current were due to the oxidation process of the pineapple peel-based medium under air, room temperature, and normal pressure during the long-operating time of the experiment. Finally, this research expected to provide additional valuable experience and knowledge as same as to facilitate in information delivering to the students in understanding the electrolyte medium from the waste or natural sources.

This research used leftover pineapple peel from a fruit shop to adsorb Basic Red 9 dye and Direct Red 83 dye. Pineapple peel was modified with 1.25 M calcium chloride before conducting adsorption experiments. The studied parameters that affect adsorption efficiency included time, pH, adsorbent quantity, dye concentration in the wastewater, and temperature. Both dyes showed the best adsorption at pH 7. Basic Red 9 and Direct Red 83 took 60 and 90 min, respectively, to reach equilibrium reactions. As the quantity of pineapple peel increased, the adsorption capacity increased. Temperature slightly affected the dye adsorption. The adsorption isotherms of Basic Red 9 and Direct Red 83 followed the Temkin and Freundlichad sorption models, whereas the adsorption kinetics of the two were consistent with the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous.

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of pineapple peel as a feedstock for fermentable sugar production. Soluble sugar production from pineapple peel was conducted in a process involving microwave-assisted water pretreatment without a catalyst in an apparatus set which prevented any loss of liquid or corrosion from vapor and reduced energy consumption. The pretreatment variables consisting of biomass loading (100-160 g/L), microwave power ( 90-900 watts) and irradiation time (5-20 minutes) were investigated by response surface methodology. The maximal total sugar yield in the liquid fraction after the pretreatment was 80.2% (80.2 g total sugars per 100 g dried peel) obtained using 100 g/L biomass loading at 900 watts for 9 minutes. Under these conditions, the glucose yield was 7.8% . This process offers an alternative approach to the cost-effective production of fermentable sugars from biomass-waste products, using less reagent and low energy in a self-reliant technology.

The effects of ethanolic pineapple peel extract (PPE) powder at various concentrations (0–1.50%, w/w) on the gelling properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. The pineapple peel extract produced with 0–100% ethanol, revealed that 100% ethanol had the highest bioactive properties. Surimi gels with added PPE powder demonstrated improved gel strength (504.13 ± 11.78 g.cm) and breaking force (511.64 ± 11.80 g) up to 1% PPE addition; however, as PPE concentration increased beyond 1%, the gel strength decreased. Similarly, with the addition of 1% PPE powder, more hydrophobic bonds and fewer sulfhydryl groups and free amino groups were seen. However, the gels with PPE powder added showed a slight reduction in the whiteness of the surimi gels. FTIR analysis indicated that the fortification with PPE powder brought about the secondary structure of myofibrillar proteins; peaks shifted to the β-sheet region (PPE gels) from the α-helix region (control). SEM analysis indicated that the gel with 1% PPE powder had a relatively organized, finer and denser gel architecture. Overall results suggested that the addition of PPE powder up to 1% to the surimi gels enhanced the gelling properties as well as the microstructure of the surimi.

Antioxidant phenolic compounds were extracted from fermented samples of Golden pineapple peels via an ultrasound method. The fermentation conditions to maximize the production of phenolic content and antioxidant activity were previously determined (pH: 5.5, T: 37.3 °C and 85% moisture content). A central composite design with 20 treatments was applied to evaluate the effect of the ethanol concentration, time, and temperature on the production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The statistical analysis showed that the optimal conditions to produce extracts with high phenolic content and antioxidant activity were: 62 °C, 30 min and 58% ethanol. We obtained 866.26 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.m in total phenolic content and for antioxidant activity expressed as percentage inhibition, 80.06 ± 1.02% for ABTS and 63.53 ± 2.02% for DPPH, respectively. The bioactive compound profile in the extracts was identified and quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), this method showed the presence of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin-3 glucoside, rutine, quercetin, kaempherol-3 glucoside and gallic acid, demonstrating the great potential of these by-products to obtain components that can benefit the consumer’s health.

Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the bacteria most commonly resulting from failed root canal treatment. Intracanal medicament is used to enhance the success of root canal treatment. A material widely used for this purpose is calcium hydroxide. However, its ineffectiveness in eliminating E. faecalis requires the addition of other antibacterial substances, such as iodoform which has the disadvantage of having toxic effects on tissues. Pineapple peel has antibacterial properties because it contains chemical compounds, such as flavonoid, saponin, tannin, as well as the enzyme bromelain. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of a mixture of pineapple peel extract at 6.25% and 12.5% concentrations and calcium hydroxide paste at a ratio of 1:1 compared to100% calcium hydroxide and a mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste against E. faecalis. Methods: The research was laboratory-based experiment in nature. Sample groups were divided into two control groups (one featuring100% calcium hydroxide paste and a second featuring a mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste) and two treatment groups (mixture of pineapple peel extract and calcium hydroxide paste in 6.25% and 12.5% concentrations with ratio 1:1). The method was using agar diffusion. The result data were analyzed by One Way Anova test. Results: The highest average of the inhibitory zone occurred in group with a mixture of pineapple peel extract 12.5% and calcium hydroxide paste while the smallest average was that of group with a mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste. Conclusion: Mixture of pineapple peel extract in 6.25% and 12.5% concentrations and calcium hydroxide paste ratio 1:1 has higher antibacterial activity than paste of 100% calcium hydroxide and mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste againts E. faecalis.

Pineapple peel still contains an important amount of phenolic compounds and vitamins with valuable antioxidant activity. In this way, the aim of this study was the recovery of the bioactive compounds from pineapple peel using environmentally friendly and low-cost techniques, envisaging their application in food products. From the solid-liquid extraction conditions tested, the one delivering an extract with higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was a single extraction step with a solvent-pineapple peel ratio of 1:1 (w/w) for 25 min at ambient temperature, using ethanol-water (80–20%) as a solvent. The resulting extract revealed a total phenolic content value of 11.10 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract, antioxidant activity of 91.79 ± 1.98 µmol Trolox/g dry extract by the DPPH method, and 174.50 ± 9.98 µmol Trolox/g dry extract by the FRAP method. The antioxidant rich extract was subjected to stabilization by the spray drying process at 150 °C of inlet air temperature using maltodextrin (5% w/w) as an encapsulating agent. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of the encapsulated compounds was maintained after encapsulation. The loaded microparticles obtained, which consist of a bioactive powder, present a great potential to be incorporated in food products or to produce bioactive packaging systems.

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kulit nanas fermentasi ke dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat terhadap konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC jantan strain cob umur 2 hari sebanyak 200 ekor yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. P0 = 0% tepung kulit nanas fermentasi (TKNF) dalam ransum mengandung 0% gulma obat(GO), (kontrol positif), P1 = 0% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma obat (GO),(kontrol negatif), P2 = 7.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P3 = 15% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P4 = 22.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat. Parameter yang diamati kandungan gizi kulit nanas sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dan konsumsi nutrient. Pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan, Data yang diperoleh dari setiap parameter dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kulit nanas yang fermentasi dengan yoghurt dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat pada taraf 15% memberikan hasil terbaik pada konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. (Fermented pineapple peel supplementation with addition of medicinal weeds on nutrient intake consumption of broiler chicken) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on nutrient consumption and performance of broiler . Two hundred 2 days male broiler chicken cob strain were used in this study and kept for 42 days. Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7.5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). The parameters measured was nutrien intake before and after fermented peel and consumption. The observed data were analyzed by statistical product and service solution (SPSS 16.0). Results showed that use of fermented pineapple peel meal up to 15% with addition medicinal weeds was the best on nutrient consumption of broiler chicken.

Alginate-based edible films containing natural antioxidants from pineapple peel were applied in the microbial spoilage control, color preservation, and barrier to lipid oxidation of beef steaks under storage at 4 °C for five days. Different stabilization methods of pineapple peel compounds were used before incorporation into alginate films, including extracted compounds with an hydroalcoholic solvent encapsulated in microparticles, microparticles produced by spray-drying pineapple peel juice, and particles obtained by milling freeze dried pineapple peel. Bioactive films exhibited higher antioxidant activity (between 0.15 µmol to 0.35 µmol FeSO4.7H2O/g dried film) than the alginate film without these compounds (0.02 µmol FeSO4.7H2O/g dried film). Results showed that control films without active compounds had no significant effect on decreasing the microbial load of aerobic mesophilic and Pseudomonas spp., while the films containing encapsulated hydroalcoholic extract showed a significant inhibitory effect on microbial growth of meat at two days of storage. Alginate films containing peel encapsulated extract were effective for maintaining the color hue and intensity of red beef meat samples. Pineapple peel antioxidants have the potential to retard lipid oxidation in meat samples, and the possibility of incorporation of a higher amount of pineapple peel bioactive compounds in the films should be investigated.

This research investigated the effect of synthesis temperature on the size and shape of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using pineapple peel waste and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs in starch films. Zinc oxide NPs synthesized at different temperatures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs of ZnO NPs synthesized at 28 and 60 °C showed that synthesis temperature affected the sizes and shapes of ZnO NPs. The non-heated (28 °C) condition resulted in NPs with diameters in the range of 8–45 nm with a mixture of spherical and rod shapes, whereas the heated (60 °C) condition led to NPs with diameters in the range of 73–123 nm with flower rod shapes. The ZnO–starch nanocomposite films incorporated with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnO NPs were prepared via a film casting method. The antibacterial activity of the films against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was investigated using the disc diffusion method. The results showed an increase in the inhibition zone for Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis, when the concentration of ZnO NPs incorporated in the film was increased from 1 to 5 wt.%.

(Use of Fermented Pineapple Peel in the Ration Containing Medicinal Weeds on Fat and Cholesterol of Broiler Chicken) ABSTRACT. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on fat and cholesterol broiler chicken. The experiment was designed into completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7,5% of FPPM in the ration containing P1. P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing P1. P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing P1. Two hundred 2 days old male broiler chicken were used in this study and kept for 42 days. The parameters were feed consumption, liver weight, bile volume, meat fat level, and meat and blood cholesterol. The observed data were analyzed by Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS 16.0) and significant effect among treatments were tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of thus study showed that the treatments were significant effect (P 0.05) on feed consumption, meat fat of thigh. but were not significant effect (P 0.05) on liver weight, bile volume, meat fat level and meat and blood cholesterol. It is concluded that use of fermented pineapple peel in the ration improved fat and cholesterol on broiler chicken.

The aim of this work was to isolate and purify bromelain extracted from the pineapple peel by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%), followed by desalting and freeze-drying with a 75% activity recovery and 2.2 fold increased specific activity. Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose was able to separate the polysaccharides from the enzyme, which was recovered in the elution step, maintaining its enzymatic activity. The batch adsorption of bromelain was evaluated in terms of total protein and enzymatic activity using Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models. Results showed that the process could be suitable for the recovery and purification of the enzyme, maintaining its specific activity.

Broiler chicken performance feed ration containing pineapple peel meal and supplemented by yoghurt ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted to determine the broiler performance feed ration contained pineapple peel meal supplemented by yoghurt. A hundred broiler chickens 2 days old were used in this study those divided into 4 treatment groups and kept for 4 weeks. The treatments were level of pineapple peel meal (PPM) into the ration; P0 = ration without PPM, P1 = ration contained 5 % of PPM, P2 = ration contained 10 % of PPM and P3 = ration contained 15 % of PPM. To neutralize high crude fiber content in the ration, chickens were supplemented by yoghurt consisted 3,3 x 108 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as much as 3 ml/kg body weight. Yoghurt was offered in the morning before feeding. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The experiment was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Parameters were feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significantly effect was tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference (P0.05) among 0, 5, and 10 % the treatment groups on feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Offered 15 % of pineapple peel to the chickens did not significantly (P0.05) increased feed consumption and conversion ratio but did not significantly (P0.05) decreased body weight gain. It is concluded that pineapple peel meal might be mixed into the broiler chicken ration up to 10 % without any significant adverse effect on performance when they were supplemented by yoghurt as much as 3 ml/kg of body weight.