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Introduction: Pneumatisation represents areas of minimal resistance, making it easier for the expansion of numerous pathological processes such as tumours, infections, or fractures into the joint. Detection of these air-filled cavities is necessary before planning surgical intervention in order to prevent complications. Aim: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of Pneumatisation of the Articular Eminence of the Temporal Bone (PAT) in the Bengaluru population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at an esteemed Dental College and Hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The study lasted for 13 months, from March 2019 to February 2020. The study included Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 133 patients (84 males and 49 females) aged between 20-80 years. Based on age, the study group was divided into five groups with an age interval of 10 years, and the prevalence, laterality, and type of pneumatisation of the articular eminence were assessed. The obtained data were statistically analysed using the Chi-square test and McNemar’s test with a significance level of p-value

Introduction: The varying pneumatisation patterns of the frontal sinus (FS) can be utilised in the forensic identification of human remains. This study aimed at determining the pneumatisation patterns of the FS of adult Nigerians. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at the radiology department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria following ethical approval. Brain computed tomography images of 336 patients (199 males and 137 females) aged ≥20 years were utilised. Images with facial and sinonasal pathologies were excluded from this study. The FS was evaluated and classified as either absent, bilateral or triple. The existence of complete or partial septa was noted, and the roof was categorised as either smooth or scalloped. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. The frequencies of each variant were presented in percentages. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate gender differences. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Bilateral FS was seen in 244 (72.6%) patients. This was followed by triple FS (48, 14.3%) and aplasia (44, 13.1%). The prevalence of partial septa was 197 (58.6%), with a significantly higher prevalence in males (149, 74.9%) than in females (48, 35.0%) (P = 0.017). The scalloped roof of the FS was more frequent (226, 67.3%) than the smooth FS roof (110, 32.7%), although both showed statistically significant gender differences (P = 0.021, 0.028). Conclusion: The scalloped roof and partial septa of the FS showed sexual dimorphism. Hence, their accuracy in sex prediction may be explored in our population.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the success of one-stage direct (lateral) sinus lift procedure in severely atrophic posterior maxilla. Materials and Methods: One-stage direct (lateral) sinus lift procedure was carried out at 15 sites in 13 patients. All patients included in the study presented with partially edentulous posterior maxilla with one or more missing teeth and residual bone height less than 5 mm. Three months after surgery, patients were evaluated to access increase in residual bone height, density of new bone formed and implant stability. Patients were also evaluated after 3 months of prosthetic placement for the success of implant-supported prosthesis. Results: At 3 months post-operatively, increase in residual bone height was 8.31 ± 1.63 mm and the mean density of the newly formed bone around the implants was 417 ± 66.61 HU. All implants were stable and successfully osseointegrated, except one implant that was lost. The success rate of implant stability was 96.3% during the study period. Conclusion: Single-stage direct (lateral) maxillary sinus floor augmentation is a good treatment option with predictable outcome for patients with deficient alveolar bone in posterior maxilla.

Introduction: The sphenoid sinus is considered to be morphologically one of the most variable structures in the human body. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the variants of pneumatisation of sphenoid bone and to determine differences in relation to the gender and body side in the population of Vojvodina. Material and methods: This retrospective study included 60 patients (30 males and 30 females), mean age 39.92 years, who underwent a CT scan of paranasal sinuses in the Center of Radiology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad. The total number of analysed sinuses was 120. The CT scan images were presented in coronal, sagittal and axial planes. The types and the extensions of sinus were analysed. Results: The most common type of the sphenoid sinus was sellar (83.33%), followed by presellar (15.83%). The conchal type was found in only one case (0.83%). The most frequent subtype of the posterior extension in males was subdorsal (48%) and in females subtype body (42%). The presence of both lateral and anterior extensions was found in 18.33% cases, only lateral extension in 45% cases and only anterior in 10%. Conclusion: The most common type of sphenoid sinus was sellar, while the conchal type was the rarest one. The most frequent subtype was subdorsal in males and subtype body in females. The lateral extension was observed more often in comparison to the anterior extension.