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In this paper we present the non-cash payment methods used in Romania against other European Union countries to stress the main differences of the latest developments in this specific area since the crisis errupted up to present. In Romania, the most common payment method is transfer credit, because of its simplicity and because it is less risky than the other non-cash payment methods, while in EU direct debit and credit cards are more common. However, the value per transaction for any type of non-cash instruments (except for cheques) is smaller in Romania than in other EU countries.

The aim of this study is to present a comparision between the new EU member states that adopted euro and the ones that didn’t adopt euro so far, regarding their performance in the nominal and real convergence area. The analysis covers the period during 2008 when the crisis errupted and 2015 for the countries in the Central and Eastern Europe that didn’t adopt euro so far. For the euro-zone member states in this region we studied the period between the year of adopting euro and 2015. Studying the statistical data for both eurozone member states and for the non-member states of the eurozone in this region we could conclude how they performed during the crisis and in the last years after the crisis period. Our conclusion is that, both in the nominal and in the real convergence area, the countries that didn’t adopt euro so far presents a better economic and financial situation.

Eastern Europe faced many transformations in the banking sector area, especially during 90s as a result of the privatization process. Many large banking corporations acquired state-owned local banks and developed their operations on the new markets. The foreign capital represents almost 90% of the total banking assets on the Eastern markets. The consolidation and concentration process of the foreign capital on the banking markets continued during the last financial crisis.

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative approach of the deposit guarantee funds in different European countries for underlying the advantages or disadvantages for the banking systems and the features of these funds so we can conclude which one is better for the deponents and for the banking systems as a whole.

A number of reasons have been advanced in order to explain why banks began to expand worldwide. There were several aspects that were aimed such as the client-bank relationship, the need for people to cooperate with these institutions and financial intermediaries in the host country. Mergers seek to improve the revenue derived from services performed later, but the increase is offset by personnel costs increase, while acquisitions are observed in order to restructure the acquired bank's loan portfolio and on the application of the improved lending policies that lead to higher profits. These things were best observed during the current crisis period. Regardless of the negative effects of the crisis, there were some banks which were not impacted. The large banking groups merged and by this means they managed to gain the power to dominate and control the entire activity of the field.

The privatization has as purpose to reestablish the functionality of a type of property under the public agreement. The privatization of banks brings both positive and beneficial aspects, but also some notions with a negative impact that influence the capital markets and banking system. Among the benefits we can include: the increase of the effectiveness and performance of the banking operations, the implementation of some effective structures that lead to the gradual integration of the banking system into the greatly developed economies, the improvement and perfecting of the bank services. In Romania, the privatization of banks started rather late and in some cases it turned up to be very difficult. Romanian banking system is dominated by the Austrian and Greek investors. The Romanian banking system is very concentrated, but the intermediation level is still lower than in other European or Eastern European countries.

The whole process of euro adoption, which requires the strict fulfillment of formal criteria, wasdesigned in order to reduce the risk of weakening or even destabilising the European monetary system byintegrating some serious imbalanced ecomonies, while at the same time safeguarding the economies of thecountries adhering to euro from the possible shocks resulting from any direct confrontation with the euroarea. In this paper I aim to achieving a pragmatic and analytical study on the performance of Europeancountries, as well as the analysis of relevant indicators in order to meet the convergence criteria of the appliedmonetary policy, thus emphasizing Romanian strategy to adopt the euro, in the actual context when Romaniadoesn’t fulfill the nominal convergence criteria ogf the eurozone.Regarding the convergence criteria, Romaniafinds itself last in the Eastern European countries raw, fulfilling only the public debt criteria.

After the year 1990, bashfully at first, but then more and more prominently, the countries of Central andEastern Europe have become major loan recipients from foreign banks, either cross-border, or local through opensubsidiaries in the emerging European countries. The Romanian banking system continues to be among the mostdynamic economic areas in Romania. Further on characterized by a relatively low level of financial intermediation,the Romanian banking market is considered to have potential for the possible buyers, especially in the crisis periodwhen many small banks looked for a merger with another small or medium bank for consolidation reasons. Althoughthe Romanian banking system faced crisis pretty well comparative with the rest of the world countries, if we considerits equity, its profits kept on decreasing every year and the rate of the non-performing loans increased.

This paper presents an analysis of the Romanian card market in the last decade, based on the statistic data, against other Eastern European Countries and its perspectives in the next years. The use of cards is important for banks, due to the significant interests and tax gained this way, but Romanian market is still underdeveloped because of the population behavior in the payment area and due to the lack of the card acceptance infrastructure at the merchants for a long period of time. In Romania, there are still many cards with a cash-withdrawals function, but the Romanian card industry has a great potential, because it was underdeveloped. The crisis was an opportunity on the market cards because the credit products have dropped significantly and banks had to develop other banking products, realized the importance of the cards and began to invest in infrastructure.

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