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Keberadaan industri di Kabupaten Gresik menjadi salah satu sumber pencemaran lingkungan termasuk terjadinya pencemaran perairan di Wilayah Industri Pesisir Kecamatan Manyar dan Gresik, tidak ada pembuangan khusus limbah Bahan Berbahaya Beracun (B3) menyebabkan banyaknya pengaduan terkait pembuangan limbah B3 secara liar. Jenis limbah B3 dari proses produksi dua diantaranya adalah kadmium dan timbal. Sifat logam berat yang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh makhluk hidup (salah satunya manusia) akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup dan dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan pada rentang waktu tertentu. Tujuan adanya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur dan menganalisis kadar kadmium dan timbal pada ikan belanak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan metode survei yang dilakukan di pantai utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan Teknik incidental sampling pada September 2021 yang dibantu oleh nelayan setempat dengan menggunakan jaring. Kriteria sampel, ikan belanak yang tertarik pada titik sampel yang telah ditentukan, sampel ikan yang didapatkan kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) di salah satu laboratorium di Surabaya. Data kadar kadmium dan timbal pada ikan belanak akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data univariat. Hasil uji kadar kadmium dan timbal dibandingkan dengan nilai baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia 7378:2009 terkait Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan. Kadar kadmium di bawah 0,1 mg/kg atau berkisar antara (-1,1663 sampai -0,0751 mg/kg) sedangkan nilai timbal berada di bawah 0,3 mg/kg atau berkisar antara (-1,2414 sampai -0,5665 mg/kg). Sehingga ikan belanak layak untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat namun tidak berlebihan. Batas maksimum yang dapat ditolelir oleh manusia dalam mengonsumsi ikan belanak dalam satu minggu untuk orang dewasa 12,5 g (setengah ekor ikan belanak ukuran sedang) dan untuk anak-anak 3.75 g (seperempat ekor ikan belanak ukuran sedang). Konsumsi kadmium pada lingkungan yang tercemar jika perhari mencapai 140-260 gram/hari dapat menyebabkan proteinuria. FAO menetapkan asupan kadmium bulanan sementara yang dapat ditoleransi pada tahun 2010 adalah sebesar 25 g/kg berat badan.

The purpose of this study was to find out the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model in increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts in learning Mathematics on the material of a two-variable linear equation system in class X IPA SMA AL-HASSAN BALIKPAPAN. The implementation of this research was through a cyclical review process consisting of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. Procedure This research was carried out in two cycles, namely the first cycle and the second cycle. Each cycle consists of 4 meetings. In this study, the subjects in this study were students of class X with a total of 20 students consisting of 9 male students and 11 female students. Data collection in this study was carried out by tests, documentation and observation. Data analysis was carried out by classifying student data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. Based on the results of the study, several conclusions can be drawn to answer the question that the PBL learning model can improve students' mathematical concept comprehension tests in Class X IPA SMA AL-Hassan Balikpapan. This is based on the results of the test for understanding the mathematical concept of the two-variable system of equations (SPLDV) material for students in cycle I who achieved scores above 65 in PBM only achieving a score of 90%, the results obtained from tests of students' understanding of mathematical concepts in PBM increased from the first cycle with a score above 65 reaches 100%.

The level of meat production from purebred chickens in East Java Province from 2009 to 2019 reached 510,535.29 tons. The existence of heavy metal contamination in chickens are dangerous for human health due to the lack of good facilities and infrastructure on broiler farms including land and locations that must be environmentally friendly, and when rearing chickens in paying attention to the needs of water and feed for broiler chickens that are not polluted by heavy metals. The objective of this study was to describe the levels of heavy metals in chicken meat at X Chicken Farm in Kertosari Village, Pakusari District, Jember Regency. This research was a type of descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 20 samples of broiler chicken, well water, and 4 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive to describe the use of chicken feed, sources of drinking water, and the presence of heavy metal levels of Pb and Cd in chicken. The result indicate that as many as 20 samples of chicken meat contained levels of heavy metals Pb and Cd below the quality standard values according to Indonesian Nasional Standard (SNI) 7387:2009), namely (pb 0.3/kg) and (Cd

Recent discussions on flood disasters concern the risk factors and causes between nature and anthropogenic activities. This disaster requires serious handling, which needs to be analysed, especially in areas affected by flooding with the Tegal Regency, Indonesia case study. The weakness of the existing mitigation efforts still needed comprehensive analyses, requiring a multi-criteria assessment based on GIS spatial analysis. The GIS method used is a raster calculator and weighted superimpose by setting several calculation variables from both physical and non-physical aspects to support the multicriteria spatial analysis. The results show that spatially, more than 30% of areas with a high-risk index are located in the downstream or coastal regions of Tegal Regency. However, the index of capacity and resilience in several flood-affected sub-districts is at an index above 0.5, so they have good strength to disasters such as the four sub-districts of Adiwerna, Bumijawa, Bojong, and Kramat. From the analysis results, land use change is the biggest problem that affects the number of the flood event. With this condition, the appropriate mitigation effort for Tegal Regency is strengthening the spatial planning policy and increasing the capacity, especially in disaster governance in a high-risk area. Thus, the vulnerability and hazard factors will be anticipated with high community participation in strengthening the capacity index.

Lalat masih menjadi permasalahan hingga saat ini. Habitat lalat yang berada di lingkungan kotor menjadikan lalat sebagai vektor penyakit yang dapat menginfeksi manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian dengan menggunakan insektisida. Salah satu potensial insektisida nabati adalah bawang putih (Allium sativum) karena adanya senyawa yang bersifat racun bagi serangga seperti minyak asiri yang mencapai 0,5 v/b, serta adanya senyawa lain seperti alisin, alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin yang bersifat racun bagi serangga. Hasil screening fitokimia menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan bawang putih terdeteksi mengandung minyak asiri. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan True Experiment dan desain penelitian Post Test Only Control Group Designs. Ada lima kelompok perlakuan dalam penelitian ini, konsentrasi 0% (kontol), 5%, 7,25%, 10%, dan 12,5%. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu jam. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jumlah lalat yang hinggap pada umpan yang berupa udang karena nilai P=0,001, dan efektivitas bawang putih linear artinya semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan maka semakin besar efektivitas ekstrak. Efektivitas tertinggi pada konsentrasi 12,5% dengan efektivitas sebesar 54%. Ekstrak bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif insektisida yang ramah lingkungan dan mudah terurai karena terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida, khususnya lalat rumah.

Scientific argumentation is one of the key components of habits of mind, while habits of mind are one dimension of scientific literacy that should be developed in Indonesia. However, the student’s scientific argumentation ability in learning, which has been weak lately, has become a common problem that needs to be solved immediately. The solution can be related to how to evaluate the learning process, construct the problems found in learning, and design learning that can motivate students to argue. This is a descriptive study. It aimed to find out the profile of the early scientific argumentation skills of first-year students who took general chemistry courses at one of the public colleges in West Sumatra. Research instruments consist of four open and semi-closed essay questions. Those were given to 125 chemical education students involved in this study. Data was analyzed by evaluating the students’ written argumentation, which became the research samples by following the Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP), consisting of claim, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal. The study results show that most students (97.25%) have level 0–3 argumentations skills. While only 2.25% of students have level 4 argumentation skills and 0.5% are at level 5. This means that the early argumentation skills of chemistry students are still low, and only a few students are able to emerge with a rebuttal in the scientific arguments they build. These findings are further used as the basis for designing learning strategies that can improve students’ argumentation skills during the learning process, especially in general chemistry courses, so that their habits of mind and scientific literacy will also increase.

The enormous use of plastic in any live sector will impact the waste plastic escalation. Unsorted and uncollected wasted plastic properly leads to the creation of mixed waste plastic in landfills. Therefore, mechanical recycling technology for processing mixed waste plastic into pasta phase has been developed. In this research, four sources of mixed waste plastic were implemented derived from household plastic bags (WPB), waste of plastic sack (WPS), waste of used carton beverage (WPAL) and waste plastic from drum pulper in pulp industry (WPI). Those materials were transformed into specimens through extrusion and compression molding, then tested for investigation the mechanical properties. A comparison of density, tensile strength, and compressive strength from each material was exposed comprehensively. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compute the reliability of recycle material properties in the pallet application under the racking condition test following ISO 8611 standard. Surprisingly, it was reported a potential performance with a maximum racking load until 700 kg for pallet product using all variants of mixed waste plastics. The maximum capacity was obtained based on consideration of the FEA result exhibited in tresca or maximum shear stress, total deformation, and factor of safety design.

The number of capital market investors has increased by 33.53% from 7,489,337 at the end of 2021 to 10,000,628 on 3 November 2022. One of the most popular Islamic capital markets today is sukuk with high yields, lower taxes and short returns. Investors consider four main factors that affect the issuance of sukuk, namely the type of sharia contract, yield, effective term, and nominal value of the sukuk. Investors will find it very difficult to decide on their investment because they will face a lot of data and variables. The solution to this problem can be done by perform multivariate analysis by grouping sukuk based on the investor’s risk profile, namely defensive, conservative, balanced, moderately aggressive, aggressive using the KMeans machine learning compile with phyton. Sukuk data used are from Financial Services Authority (OJK) and PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI). From the results, 3 clusters were obtained cluster 1 (65 sukuk), cluster 2 (68 sukuk) and cluster 3 (20 sukuk). The results investor risk profile classifications are the defensive and conservative types investor can invest in cluster 3, the balanced type investor can invest in cluster 2, the moderately aggressive and aggressive investor can invest in cluster 1.

Lutjanus or snappers usually known as economical fish in Indonesia and worldwide. This research aims to observe the different phylogeography correlation of Lutjanus bengalensis in Indonesia Waters and South China Sea used COI gene marker. The primary data collected from fish port Pulo Aceh, Indonesia (5 sequences), while the population of others region such as Bali (3 sequences) and Maluku (3 sequences) was retrieved from NCBI GenBank. South China Sea represented by sampled from Taiwan (3 sequences) and Hongkong (3 sequences) that also retrieved from NCBI Genbank. In total 17 sequences were analysed the diversity of haplotypes 0-1 and the diversity of nucleotide 0-0.030. Based on this researched data, it will become basic data for spesies management for Lutjanus bengalensis in Indonesia.

Anabas testudineus, the climbing perch, is a valuable and well-liked freshwater fish with significant commercial worth. This fish is found in Indonesia and other parts of Asia. Nonetheless, there hasn't been much research done on the genetic relationships across Asian populations of climbing perch. Thus, the aim of this work was to use the mitochondrial COI gene to examine the phylogeography of A. testudineus in freshwater Asia. The population sample was taken from South Aceh, Indonesia. The sample was extracted using a modified C-TAB protocol. In all, 48 sequences from the Genbank and three sequences from South Aceh were included in this investigation. Seven samples came from Indonesia, three from Malaysia, nine from Philippines, seven from Vietnam, eight from Thailand, ten from India, and four from Bangladesh. According to the findings, the sequences formed 17 different haplotypes. For every population, the haplotype diversity (Hd) value is 0.897. The genetic distance measuring the closest populations is 0.0007 between Indonesia and Philippines, whereas Indonesia and Vietnam populations are the furthest apart, at 0.0904. Between 0 and 0.0157 is the genetic distance within the population. Thus, the populations of A. testudineus in Aceh and Indonesia and the Philippines are genetically more similar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan menggunakan Adobe Animation CC yaitu berupa permainan edukasi "MENALAR" yang dapat dimainkan di ponsel cerdas. Produk dikembangkan dengan memperhatikan aspek validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Balikpapan. Adapun implementasinya menggunakan desain pengembangan Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang terdiri dari: konsep, perancangan, pengumpulan materi, pembuatan, pengujian, dan distribusi. Hasil tersebut diperoleh dari pengujian media yang terdiri dari uji Alpha dan uji Beta dalam kelompok kecil, dan uji Beta dalam kelompok besar. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa game edukasi "MENALAR" berbasis Adobe Animation CC termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 88,9%, sangat praktis dengan persentase rata-rata 83,6%; dan efektif meskipun persentase ketuntasan hanya mencapai 60,4%. Sehingga secara keseluruhan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya mengenai soal-soal penalaran metematika. This study aims to produce distance learning media using Adobe Animation CC, which is a "MENALAR" educational game that can be played on a smartphone (Android). The product is developed by attention to the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in learning mathematics in X-Grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Balikpapan. The implementation uses Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) design consisting of: concept, design, material collection, assembly, testing, and distribution. These results were obtained from media testing consisting of Alpha and Beta test (in small and large groups). The results of the study concluded that the educational game "MENALAR" based on Adobe Animation CC was included in the very valid with an average percentage of 88,9%, very practical with an average percentage of 83,6%; and effective even though the percentage of completeness only reaches 60,4%. So that overall the learning media developed can be an alternative in learning activities, especially mathematics reasoning problems.

Work fatigue is one of the safety and health issues that can be a risk factor for accidents at work. Based on the preliminary study conducted by researcher in the Tanjung Traditional Market, transporter workers did repetitive work which is transporting goods by climbing up and down the stairs without using any tools. That caused their jobs are at risk of fatigue. Coconut water containing electrolyte ions needed by the body when dehydration. This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving coconut water to work fatigue on transporter workers. This research use quacy experimental research method with nonequivalent control group design. In this study, there were 32 research subjects divided into 2 groups, the experimental group and control group. The experimental group that was given 600 ml of coconut water, while the control group was given in the form of mineral water as placebo. Work fatigue was measured using Reaction Timer. The results of work fatigue measurements showed that the average has decreased over 42.3 milliseconds in the experimental group and 4.9 milliseconds in the control group.

The effects of benzene exposure on living things, especially animals and humans, have been studied almost throughout this century. Short exposure and long-term exposure to benzene can cause health problems until cancer occurs. One type of work that is at risk for indoor benzene exposure is the mechanic of a motorbike repair shop. This study aims to examine benzene exposure factors (source of exposure, air concentration, exposure, duration of exposure, and frequency of exposure) in AHASS mechanics in Sumbersari and Patrang Subdistricts, Jember Regency, and compare these exposure factors with threshold values (NAB) that applies. This research is a quantitative preliminary research, carried out from April to October 2017 in 5 AHASS motorcycle workshops spread in Sumbersari and Patrang Districts, Jember Regency. The sample of this study amounted to 30 people. Based on the results of the study it was found that benzene in the air 5 AHASS workshops spread in Sumbersari and Patrang Subdistricts, the main source came from the evaporation of fuel placed in open containers and through the combustion of the customer's motorcycle engine. The greatest concentration of benzene is in Workshop V which is equal to 21.887 mg / m3. Benzene can enter the mechanical body through inhalation and absorb it through the skin. The longest exposure time occurred in mechanics in Workshop W, while the longest duration of exposure was experienced by mechanics / 28th respondents. The frequency of benzene exposure is most often experienced by mechanics working at Y Workshop, which is 341 days a year. Benzene concentrations in air Workshop V, W, X, and Z exceed NAB, while benzene concentrations in air Y Workshop do not exceed or below NAB. To avoid the risk of benzene exposure to mechanics, the manager of Workshop V, W, X and Z is expected to make efforts to minimize benzene exposure through efforts to reduce benzene concentration in the air as well as efforts to reduce time, duration and frequency of exposure. In addition, further research is needed to determine the risk of benzene exposure to mechanics in AHASS Workshop and to determine the amount of reduction in concentration, time, duration, and frequency of exposure to minimize mechanical health risks due to exposure to benzene in the workplace.

Kegiatan pengolahan emas yang dilakukan secara amalgamasi menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengandung logam berat merkuri (Hg). Kayu Apu merupakan tanaman terapung yang memiliki daya adaptasi tinggi terhadap iklim, memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan yang cepat, serta penyerap-an unsur hara dan air yang besar sehingga memungkinkan untuk digunakan sebagai tanaman fitoremediasi untuk menyerap Hg. Tujuan penelitian true experiment ini adalah untuk mengana-lisis perbedaan kadar Hg antara limbah cair tanpa Kayu Apu dan limbah cair dengan penam-bahan Kayu Apu seberat 300 gr/ 6 l, 400 gr/ 6 l dan 500 gr/ 6 l, dengan waktu kontak 10 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan adanya perbedaan kadar Hg yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok per-lakuan (p

This research objective to develops and produce learning method in Triangle and Rectangle material. The research method using Research and Development (R & D) Design with ADDIE model which involves steps: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In its implementation, HARUM PALA (Memorize Formulas Using Songs) method was first validated by 1 learning strategy expert, 3 material experts, and 3 practitioners/teachers, which was later revised and implemented in SMP Negeri 4 Balikpapan, SMP Negeri 7 Balikpapan, and SMP Patra Dharma 2 Balikpapan. The methods used in data collection are interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. In this research, the feasibility of the learning strategy expert was obtained with a percentage of 85.45% (feasible), material experts with an average percentage of 85% (feasible), and practitioners / teachers at an average percentage of 84% (feasible). Based on the achievement of student learning, the average student in the Small Scale Trial of 69.78 and on the Large Scale Test of 75.34. So, as a whole, the product of the learning method HARUM PALA (Hafalan Rumus Pakai Lagu) can be said to be feasible to be used as a method of junior high school mathematics learning.

Tujuan penelitiannya mengetahui apakah kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis Mahasiswa Universitas Balikpapan melalui pendekatan metakognitif lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menerapkan pendekatan metakognitif. Teknik pengumpulan data mencakup tes dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik cluster random sampling. Sampelnya yaitu mahasiswa semester VI program studi pendidikan matematika. Soal Pemecahan masalah diujicobakan terlebih dahulu kepada mahasiswa pendidikan matematika semester VIII. Dari 6 soal diujicobakan diperoleh 6 soal juga layak digunakan dengan r11 = 0,82 (kategori baik). Kemudian soal pemecahan masalah diberikan kepada mahasiswa semester VI. Hasil analisis diperoleh simpulan bahwa nilai t = 2,548 dan Sig. (dua-tailed) = 0,016. Lantaran nilai Sig. (dua-tailed) < taraf signifikansi (α = 0,05), maka Ho ditolak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa Universitas Balikpapan melalui pendekatan metakognitif lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional.

Chromosomal data on swamp buffalo especially in East Java province, is still lacking. For breeders, chromosomal analysis needs to be done to detect the possibility of hereditary genetic defects. In Malang Area, farmers lack of care and breeding programs for swamp buffalo also caused a decline in the genetic quality and performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the chromosome analysis of swamp buffalo in Malang and another area in East Java province, which were selected based on differences in phenotypic characters. Chromosome analysis is very important for breeders because the results of this study can be used as a consideration for strategies to improve the genetic quality of swamp buffalo. The method used is standard karyotyping using whole blood with G banding staining. Chromosomal preparation using Karyo MAX medium, Colcemic Solution, Giemsa Stain, and KCl solution. Cell culture was performed according to the standard karyotyping method in mammals. The minimum number of 5 spreading chromosomes is the best was chosen, microphotographed, and then chromosome analysis is performed using Cytovision Image Analysis software. The results of this study did not find swamp buffalo with an abnormal number of chromosomes in East Java Province, Indonesia.

Mahseers (Cyprinidae) is one of the most important freshwater fish in Southeast Asia. This fish is being a consumption fish, ornamental and sport fishing. Mahseers can grow up to more than 30 kg. Therefore, this species is called The King of The River. This paper reviewed some aspects of this interesting fish. A total of 54 papers have been reviewed where some of the papers come from our Ichthyos Research Group, Universitas Syiah Kuala. There are 50 species of mahseer throughout the world, where 20 species of which are found in Asia. Indonesia has four species of mahseer, namely; Tor tambra, T. tambroides, T. duorenensis, and T. soro, of which two species, T. tambra and T. tambroides are found in Aceh province. Between the two species, T. tambra has a wide distribution. The original habitat of the mahseer fish waters with speed currents, clear water, high dissolved oxygen, and low water temperatures. In the wild, mahseers migrate upstream for spawning during periods of high flooding in the early rainy season. The spawning occurs one or two months at the place that is inundated during floods. Mahseer is omnivorous, they fed on mollusks, aquatic plants, small fish, insects to fruits that grow on the banks of rivers. Mahseer fish in rearing ponds are often attacked by Lernea sp., Argulus sp., Trichodina sp., and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi worms

Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.

This study aims to determine whether or not the influence of problem solving abilities is reviewed with the learning style of mathematics education students. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and documentation. Questionnaire method is used in learning style, while documentation method is semester test result. The sample in this research is students of mathematics semester IV and VI of Balikpapan University. Based on the results of data processing obtained conclusion there is no average difference between visual learning style, auditorial learning style, and kinesthetic learning style, so there is no effect of problem-solving abilities reviewed with the learning style of students of mathematics education University of Balikpapan. This is evident from Fobs < F0,05; 2;47 or 0.2064 < 3.1951 so that H0 is accepted. Seen from the average of learners who have kinesthetic learning style is greater than learners who have auditorial and visual learning styles.

This study is meant to describe: a) The difficulty faced by fifth grader of Balikpapan City in learning mathematics especially in learning about “Time Unit”. b). the reasons behind those difficulty faced by the students of fifth grade of Balikpapan City in learning “Time Unit”. the type and approache of the research are descriptive with qualitative approach. The data collection method used in this research are documentation, test, observation and Questionnaire. Based on the final analysis data, the researcher found that the difficulty percentage faced by the students in factual is 14,4%, the difficulty face in conceptual is 56,9%, the difficulty in skills is 42,2% and the difficulty faced by the students in principal is 76,7%. The causes of those difficulty in learning comes from inside and outside of students themselves. It is hoped that teacher can drill students in mastering the concept, skills and principal of “Time Unit” in the hope to reduce the students’ difficulty in mastering the Time Unit material.

Tempe is a favorite food of Indonesian society either from the bottom to the upper class of society. In addition to the cheap price, protein and other nutrients in tempe can meet some of the daily nutritional needs of Indonesian society. As soybean, tempe can also be processed into several foods that are tasty, nutritious and have high economic value. One of processed products using tempe as raw material is tempe chips. Given the increasing prices of basic needs that exist today, many people do small and medium enterprises to meet the basic needs. One of them is by doing tempe chips business. Nowadays, a lot of small business community found selling tempe chips, one of which is in the Siliragung, Banyuwangi. Because the taste is tasty and crunchy, tempe chips are much preferred. In designing the machine, partners and students of Mechanical Engineering Program are involved. The initial phase of this devotional activity is to conduct a survey in order to identify problems faced by partners and conduct a literature study to find solutions to partner problems. After the solution of partner problems obtained, the next step is to design the required machine that is tempe slicing machine. The machine to be made is expected to help the community in increasing the productivity / production capacity of tempe chips compared with manual or traditional process so that the production time can be shortened and the income of the society increases. Keywords: tempe slicing machine, tempe, productivity.

The objectives of this research are to know: 1) Average learning outcomes of control class students; 2) Average learning outcomes of experimental class students; 3) The average difference between the students' control and experimental class learning outcomes. Experimental research method, with nonequivalent control group design. Sampling using purposive sampling amounted to 50 students. Techniques and data collection tools using measurement techniques in the form of test results learning. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed: 1) Average learning outcomes of control class students 72.93 good category. 2) Average learning outcomes of students of the experimental class of 79.87 categories is very good. 3) The difference of the average of control class learning outcomes with the experimental class using the t-test statistical test is Separated Variance obtained tcount = 5.932 and ttable = 2.064 with a significant level of 0.05. Then it can be concluded that there is difference of mean of result of learning of student of control class with experiment class.

Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.

Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.

The possibility of sustainable use of sorghum as raw material for bioethanol needs to be supported by evaluation and selection of sorghum varieties for high biomass production and sugar content. An experiment was conducted on forest dry land , altitude 63 m asl. This research aimed to determine the interaction of sorghum varieties and mycorrhiza on biomass production and the high sugar content. The experiment was a two factor (varieties and dosage of mycorrhiza plus) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The varieties were Suri 3, Kawali, Super 2, Suri 4. Dosage of mycorrhiza plus (5, 10, 15) g per plant. The interaction only significant on a number of internodes and bagasse. There are no effects of dosages mycorrhiza plus, however, varieties of sorghum have significant effects on many variables measured. The highest amount of biomass include the stem height (301.28 cm), stem Dry Weight (DW) is 23.48 t ha-1, leaf DW (4.65 t ha-1), panicle DW (11.35 t ha-1) and biomass DW (39.98 t ha-1) were obtained in varieties Super 2. Sugar content (16.93 %) was obtained in varieties Suri 3 and juice production (2 742.86 L ha-1) in varieties Suri 4.

The main objective of this study is to analyze and compare the drying behavior of seawage experimentally in solar dryer, sun dryer and oven dryer. Seaweeds with moisture content of 70% have been cleansed of impurities attached and washed with fresh water. The solar dryer tool is made of glass and iron shaped dryer and box, where the solar collector is made of black painted iron plate. The results showed that the air temperature in solar dyrer was higher than the ambient. The air humidity relative in the solar dryer is lower than the ambient. Drying seaweed by solar dryer method can dry the material up to 12.2% water content within 16 hours, and faster than sun dryer method. Energy utilization per kg of material for solar dryer, sun dryer and oven dryer is 1493 kJ / kg, 1338 kJ / kg, and 1620 kJ / kg, respectively. The quality of the product by the solar dryer method produces the best dried seaweed products in terms of color, aroma and contaminants in the product

Gancik Hill Top is one of the popular destinations in Boyolali District. Gancik Hill Top tourist destination is located at the foot of Mount Merbabu with an altitude between 1850 m above sea level that presents the concept of mountain resorts in the form of a view of Mount Merapi and is an alternative path to climb Mount Merbabu. Tourist visits from the Selo climbing route are the highest compared to the three climbing routes opened by the Gunung Merbabu National Park. Stretching tourist interest through the Selo line due to other supporting factors such as the traditions and culture of the local community. Selo is included in landslide prone areas in the area of Gunung Merbabu National Park. Soil conditions with a level of 4-70% slope does not make consideration for the community in the processing of the land because it is still dependent on the agricultural sector. Assessment of carrying capacity to illustrate the concept of ecotourism development. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of ecotourism development. This research is done with quantitative approach. This study used a modified Cifuentes formula that is Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC).

Composting is one way to reduce waste and add something beneficial to the earth and health. It is very important to analyze the quality of compost before adding compost to the soil. pH value is one of the indicator of compost quality. The pH value is an indicator of the acidity or alkalinity of the maturity compost. The objective of this reseach is to analyzed pH value compost which added dolomit and whithout dolomit, compos quality and reduce waste. Anaerobic and aerobic composter modification from reuse plastic mineral drinking water 19 litter. The method of this research is experimental design.The row organic materials are 3 kg kithcen waste, fruits waste 1 kg (composter anaerobic 1 and aerobic 3) as control and added dolomit 0,3 kg (composter anaerobic 2 and aerobic 4 ) as treatment. The row material in the control and treatment showed that temperature at 20.2 °C and 25°C; pH value at 4.3 and 5.6; moisture at 86.3 and 88.9; carbon into nitrogen (C/N) ratios 23.4 and 14.05. Maturity compost showed temperature and pH value are at 20°C and 6.0 (composter 3) and at 2.5 °C and 7 (composter 4). Compost Quality analyzed in NPK. The control showed NPK at 0,41; 0.1758; 0,125 (composter 1); 1.42; 0.208; 0.151 (composter 3). The treatment showed NPK at 0.97; 0,0502; 0.124 (composter 2); 1,04; 0.082; 0,222 (composter 4). Waste reduction at 93% (composter 1), 95% (composter 2), 60% (composter 3), 96,8%(composter 4). Dolomit is pH stabilitation on household waste and Effective to redue waste. Keyword: Dolomit, composting, pH

Bacterial contamination of fresh milk may start when milk is taken from dairy cow’s teat. Accordingly, the hygiene of cow’s udder before milking must be taken into account. Unhygienic cow’s udder may produce milk of low quality. In order to reduce the potential for bacterial contamination of fresh milk, it is necessary to apply disinfectant to cow’s udder before milking. This research aims to analyse the difference in fresh milk bacteriological content in relation to application and non-application of disinfectant to dairy cow’s udder prior to milking, which is located in the “Karunia” Dairy Cow Breeding, village of Jong Biru, Regency of Kediri. This is a purely experimental research. The research design used was the Post-test with control group in which a replication was performed twice. A simple stratified random sampling was organized of which the samples criteria comprised lactating dairy cow that did not suffer from mastitis. The number of the required samples was 10 Holstein dairy cows for control group and 10 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows for treatment group. The data analysis used was the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, which was followed by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test with . The results of research indicate that the fresh milk bacteriological content of treatment group is lower than the fresh milk bacteriological content of control group. Results of analysis also show p=0,000 which means that there is a significant difference between the cow’s udder in the “Karunia” Dairy Cow Breeding which is cleaned by warm water mixed with disinfectant before milking and the one which is cleaned only by warm water in its fresh milk bacteriological content. Keywords: cow’s udder, bacteriological content, fresh milk

This research specifically addressed the issue of the mechanism of solid waste management at Jember regency. This was a chase study type by kualitatve approach. An analysis on the results of solid waste input-process-output evaluation revealed factors influencing the process of solid waste management as part of a strategic issue to be addressed by the DPU Cipta Karya dan Tata Ruang. Analysis Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threath (SWOT) activity, a draft for an effort was chosen, from those projected, to serve as a reference for the resolution of future as well as current issues. Research results revealed DPU Cipta Karya dan Tata Ruang operations to be improving, as shown by the increase in number of service provided. Solid waste produced by each and every ward is categorized into organic solid waste and anorganic solid waste. The waste management involves shorting-out, stockpiling, transporting, and dissolving processes. Discrepancies between the application of this solid waste management process and the set standard operating procedure is evident. Issues arising in the application of waste management processes are strength on composting at Kreyongan and Talangsari; weakness show with the less of waste collecting infrastructure and dump truck same the type of waste ; opportunity and threath show by the support of stakeholders on composting and increasing the volume of solid waste. It is recommended to the hospital management to care more with the process management of solid waste by increasing awearness and number of service provided. Keywords : solid waste, SWOT analysis

The existence of coliform bacteria on water sources can indicate that the water has been contaminated by material of human waste. This research is aimed at identifying the influence of construction of drug water well, construction of septic tank, and distance between drug water well and septic tank on the amount of coliform bacteria of water of dug well by using analytical survey method. The number of samples involved were 92 dug wells. Data obtained were analyzed by using linear regression test of significance level (α) of 5%. The research findings showed probability value of 0.001 for dug well construction, 0.000 for septic tank construction and 0.000 for distance between dug well and septic tank. Since the probability value of each variable was less than significance level (α) of 5%, dug well construction, septic tank construction and distance between dug well and septic tank significantly influenced the amount of coliform bacteria of dug well water. Keywords: dug well, septic tank, distance, the coliform bacteria

Harris & Beath claimed 23% of human kind population is indicated flatfoot. Identifying flatfoot is by using wet foot test. This footprint is not accurate because of the difficulty to make sure the patient stand upright. Another way is using x-ray to determine height of arch which is a distance from medial longitudinal foot arch to the ground. If the distance is less than certain level, so the foot type is included as flatfoot. Other method proposed by Kulkarni et al. using the footprint index (FPI) which is the ratio of B intercept to A intercept, where the footprint was obtained from pedobarography image. If FPI is lower than 0.63, it is categorized as flatfoot. Another method to determine arch type which is widely used is Cavanagh’s Arch Index (AI) from division of mid foot area to entire footprint area (excluding the toes). If AI>0.26, then the foot type is flatfoot. This study is to learn the correlation between entire loaded and unloaded foot area with Cavanag’s AI. The entire loaded foot and footprint area for evaluating AI derived from a digital footprint modified from document scanner, while the entire unloaded foot area derived from a 3D scanner for foot orthotic. One hundred and two healthy asked voluntarily for doing footprint. From 102 subjects found 63 participants identified as flatfoot, 31 subjects are normal feet and 8 subjects identified as high arch. A series of 3 x 3 repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine statistical differences (α

A study to determine number of patients, number of nurses and number of practical students on the volume of medical waste as well as management of the waste has been carried out at Dr. H. Koesnadi Provincial Hospital Bondowoso, East Java. Data were collected using questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentation method. From statistical analysis with Multiple Linier Regression it was found out significant effect (a=5%) of independent factors on dependent factor with coefficient of determination R2 0.525 Analysis of partial correlation volume. From the waste management point of view there has been pointed out two handicaps, i.e. applied standard operational procedure (SOP) of the hospital has not yet fully accommodate the national SOP on medical waste management, and there were deviation of the hospital SOP at the daily practice. It is recommended improve the practicing hospital SOP and working out in monitoring at implementation scale. This study also showed at tight coordination with medical record unit is needed to have a better prediction on medical waste produced. Key words : medical waste, medical waste management, hospital, inpatient