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Introdução/objetivos: Dados brasileiros sobre a carga do vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) em adultos são limitados. As vacinas contra o VSR recentemente aprovadas visam reduzir a carga do VSR em adultos mais velhos. Este estudo tem como objetivo usar uma abordagem de modelagem para estimar a carga do VSR e projetar o potencial impacto na saúde pública da introdução da Vacina VSR Adjuvantada (RSVPreF3) para imunização de adultos com 60 anos ou mais no Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Um modelo de Markov estático de ciclo mensal foi desenvolvido para avaliar o número de casos sintomáticos de VSR com e sem vacinação. O modelo captura casos de VSR em pacientes com doença respiratória aguda (DRA-VSR), doença do trato respiratório inferior (DTRI-VSR), doença do trato respiratório superior (DTRS-VSR), complicações de pneumonia devido à DTRI-VSR, hospitalizações (assumidas conservadoramente apenas às DTRI-VSR) e mortes em um período de três anos. A cobertura vacinal para uma dose única considerada no modelo foi de 30% a 70%. Os dados demográficos são valores específicos do Brasil (2024) provenientes das Nações Unidas. Os dados epidemiológicos foram recuperados de banco de dados público (FluNet) e complementados por revisão sistemática da literatura. A eficácia da vacina foi obtida do estudo clínico de fase 3 AReSVi-006 (NCT04886596). Resultados: No Brasil, a coorte incluiu 33.859.754 adultos ≥ 60 anos. Na ausência de vacinação, o modelo projetou 6.641.784 casos de DRA-VSR (3.480.113 de DTRS-VSR e 3.161.671 de DTRI- VSR), 243.205 casos de pneumonia, 264.214 hospitalizações e 25.083 mortes por VSR em três anos. Com a cobertura aumentando de 30% para 70%, o modelo projetou que a vacinação pode prevenir de 780.189 a 1.820.442 casos de DRA-VSR (264.146 a 616.341 de DTRS-VSR e 516.043 a 1.204.101 de DTRI-VSR), 39.696 a 92.623 casos de pneumonia, 43.125 a 100.624 hospitalizações e 4.094 a 9.553 mortes por VSR. O número necessário para vacinar para prevenir um caso de DRA-VSR e um caso de DTRI-VSR foi estimado em 13 e 20, respectivamente. Conclusões: Os resultados revelam que aproximadamente 20% da população brasileira com idade ≥ 60 anos está em risco de infecção por VSR nos próximos três anos, e a carga ao sistema de saúde é substancial. A prevenção por meio da vacinação com RSVPreF3 tem o potencial de produzir consideráveis benefícios, reduzindo a morbidade, a utilização de serviços de saúde e a mortalidade associadas às infecções por VSR. Palavras-chave: Vírus Sincicial Respiratório, Vacina VSR Adjuvantada, ≥ 60 anos. Conflitos de interesse: RH, AG, BdV, LM, OC, DVO and JG are GSK employees. AG and JG hold shares in GSK. These authors declare no other financial and non-financial relationships and activities. Ética e financiamentos: Estudo financiado por: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (GSK study identifier: VEO-000975).

Abstract Introduction Herpes zoster (HZ) can cause substantial patient morbidity and lead to large healthcare costs. However, the disease burden of HZ in Southeast Asia may be underestimated. This study aimed to estimate the public health burden of HZ and the impact of vaccinating adults aged ≥ 50 years old in five Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam), with adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) compared with no vaccination. Methods For each country, we adapted a static multicohort Markov model developed with a 1-year cycle length and lifetime horizon. Demographics were obtained from the World Health Organization, HZ incidence from a worldwide meta-regression reporting Asian-specific values, proportions of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and non-PHN complications from local/regional studies, and vaccine efficacy from a long-term follow-up trial. First-dose coverage and second-dose compliance were assumed to be 30% and 70%, respectively. A one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis (OWSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were performed to assess the robustness and uncertainty of inputs for each country. Results Without RZV, it was estimated that there would be a total of approximately 10 million HZ cases, 2.1 million PHN cases, and 1.4 million non-PHN complications in individuals aged ≥ 50 years included in the model. Introducing RZV under 30% coverage could avoid approximately 2.2 million (22%) HZ cases, almost 500,000 (21%) PHN cases, and around 300,000 (22%) non-PHN complications. OWSA showed that first-dose coverage and initial HZ incidence had the largest impact on the estimated number of HZ cases avoided. The number needed to vaccinate ranged from 15 to 21 to prevent one case of HZ and from 68 to 104 to prevent one case of PHN across each country. Conclusions This study demonstrated that there is substantial HZ disease burden in older adults for the five selected countries in Southeast Asia, negatively impacting national healthcare systems. Introducing RZV could potentially reduce this burden. A graphical abstract is available with this article. Graphical Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the cost-utility of iStent inject® with cataract surgery vs cataract surgery alone in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Japanese setting from a public payer's perspective. METHODS: A Markov model was adapted to estimate the cost-utility of iStent inject® plus cataract surgery vs cataract surgery alone in one eye in patients with mild-to-moderate POAG over lifetime horizon from the perspective of Japanese public payer. Japanese sources were used for patients' characteristics, clinical data, utility, and costs whenever available. Non-Japanese data were validated by Japanese clinical experts. RESULTS: In the probabilistic base case analysis, iStent inject® with cataract surgery was found to be cost-effective compared with cataract surgery alone over a lifetime horizon when using the ¥5 000 000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) willingness-to-pay threshold. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was estimated to be ¥1 430 647/QALY gained and the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICER) was estimated to be ¥12 845 154/blind eye avoided. iStent inject® with cataract surgery vs cataract surgery alone was found to increase costs (¥1 025 785 vs ¥933 759, respectively) but was more effective in increasing QALYs (12.80 vs 12.74) and avoiding blinded eyes (0.133 vs 0.141). The differences in costs were mainly driven by costs of primary surgery (¥279 903 vs ¥121 349). In the scenario analysis from a societal perspective, which included caregiver burden, iStent inject® with cataract surgery was found to dominate cataract surgery alone. CONCLUSION: The iStent inject® with cataract surgery is a cost-effective strategy over cataract surgery alone from the public payer's perspective and cost-saving from the societal perspective in patients with mild-to-moderate POAG in Japan.

This study aimed to: (1) estimate the disease burden of herpes zoster (HZ) and (2) assess the potential public health impact of introducing adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) compared with no vaccination in adults aged ≥50 years in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Colombia using the ZOster ecoNomic Analysis (ZONA) static multicohort Markov model. The model followed individuals aged ≥50 years from administration of RZV over their remaining lifetime. Inputs were based, most often, on local data. First dose coverage was assumed to be 35%, with 75% second dose compliance. It was predicted that without RZV, there would be 23,558,675 HZ cases, 6,115,981 post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) cases, and 7,058,779 non-PHN complications in the five countries, but introducing RZV under assumed coverage could avoid 4,583,787 (19%) HZ cases, 1,130,751 (18%) PHN cases, and 1,373,419 (19%) non-PHN complications. Also, 10427,504 (20%) doctor’s office visits and 1,630,201 (19%) days of hospitalization could be averted in the three countries (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico) with available input data. The numbers needed to be vaccinated to avoid one case of HZ were 9–10 across countries, and to avoid one case of PHN, 35–40. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the input parameters with the largest impact on the estimated number of HZ cases avoided were first dose coverage, initial HZ incidence, and vaccine efficacy waning. In conclusion, the introduction of RZV for older adults in Latin America could greatly reduce the public health burden of HZ and reduce the related doctor visits and hospitalization days.

Introdução: O herpes-zoster (HZ) manifesta-se normalmente em idosos ou indivíduos imunocomprometidos a partir da reativação do vírus varicela zoster latente. Sem vacinação, até 30% das pessoas estão sob o risco de desenvolver HZ durante a vida, com aumento significativo do risco após os 50 anos de idade. Após a fase aguda da doença, caracterizada por manifestações cutâneas dolorosas, no Brasil, 22,1% dos pacientes desenvolvem dor neuropática crônica devido a neuralgia pós-herpética (NPH). Outras complicações (oftálmicas, neurológicas e outras) podem ocorrer e gerar danos de longo prazo. Em 2017, a vacina recombinante contra o herpes-zoster (VZR) foi recomendada como preferencial nos EUA e então aprovada em outros países, incluindo o Brasil em 2021. Objetivo: Analisar o potencial impacto em saúde pública da introdução da VZR na população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais comparada com a não vacinação. Método: A análise econômica de Zoster, um modelo estático de Markov por simulação de coortes, com horizonte temporal lifetime e duração anual dos ciclos foi adaptado para o cenário brasileiro. O tamanho da população e a mortalidade por todas as causas (2019) foram obtidos do website do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. A incidência de HZ foi obtida a partir de uma meta-regressão global; as proporções de NPH e de outras complicações, o número de consultas médicas e as hospitalizações foram obtidas de estudos brasileiros e a eficácia da vacina dos ensaios clínicos de fase III (ZOE-50 e ZOE-70). Assumiu-se que cobertura da VZR seria de 35% com uma adesão de 80% à segunda dose. Resultados: No caso base, a vacinação de 35% da população de 50 anos ou mais com VZR poderia evitar 2.383.489 casos de HZ; 592.311 casos de NPH; 714.154 de outras complicações ao longo da vida da população. Na perspectiva do uso de recursos de saúde, 5.489.176 consultas médicas e 1.230.357 hospitalizações poderiam ser evitadas. A faixa etária na qual houve a maior redução no número de casos de HZ, suas complicações e uso de recursos relacionados foi de 50 a 59 anos. Nove e 34 indivíduos precisariam ser vacinados para prevenir um caso de HZ e um caso de NPH, respectivamente. Na análise de sensibilidade univariada, os três parâmetros mais influentes foram a cobertura vacinal, incidência anual de HZ e adesão à segunda dose da VZR. Conclusão: A vacinação com VZR demonstra potencial de redução substancial do impacto em saúde pública causado pela HZ em indivíduos com 50 anos ou mais no Brasil.Ag. Financiadora: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals AS.

In this paper, a vertically stacked nanosheet gate-all-around field-effect transistor (GAA-NSFET) as a label-free biosensor has been proposed and investigated. The influences of different biomolecules on the biosensor’s electrical properties are analyzed, and the proposed biosensor exhibits good sensitivity for both neutral and charged biomolecules. Furthermore, a deep sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the sensing ability of biosensors with different channel structures. The sensitivity variation of biosensors is analyzed in terms of subthreshold swing ( $SS $ ), threshold voltage ( $V_{\text {th}}$ ), and current switching ratio ( $I_{\text {on}} / I_{\text {off}}$ ). The results show that GAA-NSFET-based biosensor obtains the best sensitivity compared with other biosensors (including nanowire FET-based biosensor and vertically stacked nanowire FET-based biosensor) due to its larger channel width and multi-channels. Also, the influences of filling position on sensitivity are analyzed in various cases for the proposed biosensor. Its sensitivity depends on the filling amounts of biomolecules instead of the filling position. Finally, a status map is presented, which plots the sensitivity of some important works in biosensing application along with the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor, and GAA-NSFET-based biosensor is more sensitive compared with those works in terms of $I_{\text {on}}/I_{\text {off}}$ sensitivity.

In this study, a transition metal-based perovskite oxide catalyst with high CH3OH yield was successfully developed. The A-site substitution by Pr3+ in La1-xPrxMn0.6Ni0.4O3-δ can effectively adjust the activity of the perovskite catalysts for the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into hydrocarbon fuels, especially CH3OH. Based on the designed photo-thermo synergetic photosynthesis strategy, the first hour CH3OH yield of La1-xPrxMn0.6Ni0.4O3-δ reached 3.97 mmol g−1, while only 0.24 μmol g−1 under normal photocatalysis mode. The synergistic photo-thermo catalysis was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the future artificial photosynthesis development.

Abstract Background Although significant improvement in efficacy measured by a sustained virological response, the high acquisition costs of direct-acting antivirals limit the access for patients and influence the costs of healthcare resource utilisation in hepatitis C. It is important to have the latest estimates of prevalence, especially in high-risk groups, for cost of illness, cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies. Methods Original studies on the estimates of the prevalence among general and high-risk groups in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) were retrieved from Medline and Embase for the period from 2015 to 2018. All included studies were evaluated for risk of selection bias and summarised together in a narrative form. Results from previous reviews and updated searches were compared per country among different populations, respectively. Results Among the 3871 studies identified, 46 studies were included: 20 studies were used for the estimate of the general population; 3 for men who have sex with men (MSM); 6 for prisoners; and 17 for people who inject drugs (PWID). Compared with the results reported in previous systematic reviews, the updated estimates were lower than previously in most available countries. Anti-HCV general population prevalence estimates ranged from 0.54 to 1.50% by country. The highest prevalence of anti-HCV was found among PWID (range of 7.90–82.00%), followed by prisoners (7.00–41.00%), HIV-positive MSM (1.80–7.10%), HIV-negative MSM (0.20–1.80%), pregnant women (0.10–1.32%) and first-time blood donors (0.03–0.09%). Conclusions Our study highlights the heterogeneity in anti-HCV prevalence across different population groups in EU/EEA. The prevalence also varies widely between European countries. There are many countries that are not represented in our results, highlighting the need for the development of robust epidemiological studies.

Background and objective: Although the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has significantly evolved with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals, the treatment uptake rates have been low especially among marginalized groups in the UK, such as people who inject drug (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Cutting health inequality is a major focus of healthcare agencies. This study aims to identify the optimal allocation of treatment budget for chronic hepatitis CHC among populations and treatments in the UK so that liver-related mortality in patients with CHC is minimized, given the constraint of treatment budget and equity issue. Methods: A constrained optimization modelling of resource allocation for the treatment of CHC was developed in Excel from the perspective of the UK National Health System over a lifetime horizon. The model was designated with the objective function of minimizing liver-related deaths by varying the decision variables, representing the number of patients receiving each treatment (elbasvir-grazoprevir, ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir-dasabuvir, sofosbuvir-ledipasvir, and pegylated interferon-ribavirin) in each population (the general population, PWID, and MSM). Two main constraints were formulated including treatment budget and the issue of equity. The model was populated with UK local data applying linear programming and underwent internal and external validation. Scenario analyses were performed to assess the robustness of model results. Results: Within the constraints of no additional funding over original spending in status quo and the consideration of the issue of equity among populations, the optimal allocation from the constrained optimization modelling (treating 13,122 PWID, 160 MSM, and 904 general patients with ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir-dasabuvir) was found to treat 2,430 more patients (relative change: 20.7%) and avert 78 liver-related deaths (relative change: 0.3%) compared with the current allocation. The number of patients receiving treatment increased 4,928 (relative change: 60.1%) among PWID and 42 (relative change: 35.8%) among MSM. Conclusion: The current allocation of treatment budget for CHC is not optimal in the UK. More patients would be treated, and more liver-related deaths would be avoided using a new allocation from a constrained optimization modelling without incurring additional spending and considering the issue of equity.

Purpose A international registry analysis led by Mehra et al. to investigate the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) with or without a macrolide in 96,032 hospitalised COVID-19 patients were published on Lancet, which has raised considerable discussions in the public health community. This study aimed to critically review the quality and limitations of the Mehra et al. publication and discuss the potential influences on the use of HCQ/CQ worldwide. Method A critical review of this publication was conducted to examine the potential study bias in the study objectives, methodology, confounding factors and outcomes and summarise the external reviews. Results The very high homogeneity of the patients’ characteristics at baseline was inconsistent with region specific epidemiology and several critical confounding factors. The results indicated that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with a hazard ratio of 0.5, which suggested a technical problem in the estimation of the propensity scores. Several major risk factors for mortality identified in the analysis were treated as a minor risk or neutral or even protective factors. Antiviral treatments were recognised as an effective method to reduce mortality and were neither further studied nor integrated in the multivariate Cox model. Conclusion This research appeared to carry multiple biases. An extensive audit of the study, conditions of review and acceptance for publication in the Lancet of that study are requested to avoid damage to the publics’ trust on the scientific community at this critical time of COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and Objective: China has managed to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with confinement measurements and treatment strategies, while other countries are struggling to contain the spread. This study discusses the guidelines related to COVID-19 in China in order to provide important references for other countries in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: Chinese guidelines relevant to COVID-19 were systematically searched via the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, YiMaiTong database, and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database on March 20th, 2020. Guideline information was extracted, including date of publication, source, objectives and the target population. Guidelines specific to the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 were further investigated to identify the types of antivirus drugs recommended and to report on how treatment recommendations for COVID-19 have evolved overtime. Results: A total of 100 guidelines were identified, of which 74 were national guidelines and 26 were regional guidelines. The scope of included guidelines consisted of: the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the management of hospital departments and specific diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19. Fifty-one of the included guidelines targeted overall COVID-19 patients, while the remaining guidelines concentrated on special patient populations (i.e. geriatric population, pediatric population, and pregnant population) or patients with coexisting diseases. Fifteen guidelines focused on the pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 patients. Interferon, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Chloroquine, and Umifenovir represented the most recommended antivirus drugs. Among them, 7 Chinese guidelines have recommended Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: China has generated a plethora of guidelines covering almost all aspects of COVID-19. Chloroquine, as one widely affordable treatment, was recommended by Chinese national guidelines and provincial guidelines. Considering the continuous debates around Chloroquine, confirmatory studies with robust methodology are awaited to address the unanswered questions on its potential benefits and risks on COVID-19.

Background: In order to generate data on the burden of foodborne diseases in Shandong Province, we aimed to use the case monitoring data of foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2017 to estimate. Methods: Data were obtained from the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system with dates of onset from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2017, in Shandong, China. Results: The places of food exposure were categorized by settings as follows: private home, catering facility, collective canteens, retail markets, rural banquets and other. Exposed food is divided into 23 categories. Overall incidence rate and proportions by exposure categories, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and sex proportions compared. Approximately 75.00% of cases who had at least one exposure settings were in private homes. The most frequently reported exposed food was a variety of food (meaning more than two kinds of food). The two-year average incidence rate was 75.78/100,000, sex-specific incidence rate was much higher for females compared to males (78.23 vs. 74.69 cases per 100,000 population). An age-specific trend was observed in the cases reported (Chi-Square for linear trend, χ2=4.39, P=0.036

Abstract Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a clinical condition defined as obstruction of the iliac vein caused by chronic compression imposed by various causes. Currently, the clinical role of computed tomography venography (CTV) in the diagnosis of IVCS is unclear. Accurately diagnosing IVCS using CTV may enhance the understanding of the pathological anatomy of iliac veins, which may lead to better treatment outcomes, especially for recalcitrant venous leg ulcers (VLU). We aimed to investigate diagnostic criteria, contributing clinical factors, and stenting for IVCS with VLU in this study. CTV, digital subtraction angiography (DSV), and Doppler ultrasound (DUS) data were obtained from the medical and imaging records of 62 patients. Additionally, contributing factors and stenting for IVCS were analysed. Patients (100%) had clinical, aetiological, anatomic, or pathological C6 disease. CTV reduced the procedure time and contrast medium dose and provided more information than DSV. Risk factors for IVCS with VLU included female sex (P = 0.036) and advanced age (P = 0.014). The rate of ulcer healing was lower in the IVCS group without stent implantation (P = 0.020). Significant improvements were noted in venous clinical severity scores (P

IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) frequently confers an increased risk of vascular thrombosis; however, the marketed antiplatelet drugs are investigated for the prevention and treatment of MASLD in patients with these coexisting diseases.MethodsTo determine whether clopidogrel could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in mice and how it works, mice were fed on normal diet or HFD alone or in combination with or without clopidogrel for 14 weeks, and primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with palmitate/oleate alone or in combination with the compounds examined for 24 h. Body weight, liver weight, insulin resistance, triglyceride and total cholesterol content in serum and liver, histological morphology, transcriptomic analysis of mouse liver, and multiple key MASLD-associated genes and proteins were measured, respectively.Results and discussionClopidogrel mitigated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis (as measured with oil red O staining and triglyceride kit assay) and reduced elevations in serum aminotransferases, liver weight, and the ratio of liver to body weight. Clopidogrel downregulated the expression of multiple critical lipogenic (Acaca/Acacb, Fasn, Scd1, Elovl6, Mogat1, Pparg, Cd36, and Fabp4), profibrotic (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Col4a1, Acta2, and Mmp2), and proinflammatory (Ccl2, Cxcl2, Cxcl10, Il1a, Tlr4, and Nlrp3) genes, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. However, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reversed enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in clopidogrel-treated primary mouse hepatocytes and alleviated accumulation of intracellular lipids. We concluded that clopidogrel may prevent and/or reverse HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in mice, suggesting that clopidogrel could be repurposed to fight fatty liver in patients.

Background The disorder of serum uric acid metabolism during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, while few studies have analyzed and compared the correlation of serum uric acid and serum uric acid/creatinine ratio levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective To explore the correlation of serum uric acid and serum uric acid/creatinine ratio levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes in late pregnancy. Methods A total of 743 pregnant women with singleton live births who were routinely examined and delivered at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2015 to 2022 were selected . Based on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, pregnant women were divided into normal group (344 cases) and adverse outcome group (399 cases) . Serum uric acid and serum uric acid/creatinine ratio were divided into three levels by quartiles, respectively, including Q1 (serum uric acid359 μmol/L) and q1 (serum uric acid/creatinine ratio7.94) . According to the median age of pregnant women, they were divided into the age subgroup

Knowledge graph generally has the problem of incomplete knowledge, which makes link prediction an important research content of knowledge graph. Existing models only focus on the embedding representation of triples. On the one hand, in terms of model input, only the embedding representation of entities and relations is randomly initialized, and the description information of entities and relations is not incorporated, which will lack semantic information; on the other hand, in decoding, the influence of the structural features of the triplet itself on the link prediction results is ignored. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a knowledge graph link prediction model BFGAT (graph attention network link prediction based on fusion of description information and structural features) that integrates description information and structural features. The BFGAT model uses the BERT pretraining model to encode the description information of entities and relations, and integrates the description information into the embedding representation of entities and relations to solve the problem of missing semantic information. In the coding process, graph attention mechanism is used to aggregate the information of adjacent nodes to solve the problem that the target node can obtain more information. The embedding representation of triples is spliced into a matrix in the decoding process, using a method based on CNN convolution pooling to solve the problem of triple structural features. The model is subjected to detailed experiments on the public datasets FB15k-237 and WN18RR, and the experiments show that the BFGAT model can effectively improve the effect of knowledge graph link prediction.

Vacuum interrupters are important components to ensure the safety of medium and high-voltage power transmission, and contact material is an important factor affecting the performance of vacuum interrupters. CuCr contact materials have been used in most commercial vacuum interrupters. This paper summarizes the research status of the electrical properties of CuCr contacts used in vacuum interrupters, analyses the factors influencing the electrical properties of CuCr contacts, and summarizes the relevant mechanisms, which point out the direction for improving the properties of CuCr alloys and promotes the development of subsequent research on the electrical properties of CuCr contacts. Finally, the electrical properties of CuCr contacts prepared by self-propagating metallurgy based on the Al–CuO–Cr2O3 reaction system are summarized.

Microalloying is an effective approach to improve the performance of CuCr alloys. This paper presents a new idea for the preparation of CuCrFe alloys by self-propagation reduction in-situ microalloying. It is found that the addition of Fe alloying components reduces the Gm and ΔGm of the CuCr melt, which inhibits the occurrence of the liquid phase decomposition process. When the Fe content of CuCrFe alloy is 1.5%, compared with the Cr-rich phase of CuCr alloy, the second phase undergoes significant refinement, the average particle size refined from 21.7 μm to 19.3 μm and the standard deviation reduced from 10.59 to 8.73, and the addition of Fe is beneficial to the spheroidization and refinement of the Cr-rich phase. Fe is mainly combined with Cr, and CuCrFe alloy still exists in the form of two phases. After solution + aging treatment, the average particle size of the second phase in CuCr alloy decreases from 21.8 μm to 17.9 μm, and that in CuCrFe alloy decreases from 19.6 μm to 18.6 μm. The conductivity of CuCrFe alloy increases from 10.5 MS m−1 to 15.9 MS m−1, and the hardness increases from 95.0 HB to 117.0 HB. After heat treatment, the nano-spherical are present in the Cr-rich phase of the CuCrFe alloy, while Fe is completely solid-soluble in the Cr-rich phase; the Cu-rich matrix shows a diffuse distribution of fine second phases, which play a role in strengthening the second phase in the matrix.

In order to improve the wear resistance of Fe-B surfacing alloy, plasma surfacing technology was used to clad Fe-B-Cr surfacing alloy layers with different chromium contents on the surface of Q235 steel material. The effect of Cr element content on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of Fe-B-Cr surfacing alloy was studied by using metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that with the increase of Cr content, Cr was solidly soluble in Fe and Fe2B, and the surfacing alloy was composed of (Fe, Cr) and (Fe, Cr)2B. The increase of Cr content did not cause the formation of new phases in Fe-B surfacing alloy, and the alloy structure was composed of eutectic structures of Fe2B and Fe+Fe2B. Meanwhile, the addition of Cr element significantly improved the hardness and wear resistance of Fe-B surfacing alloy. The hardness of Cr-2 was considerably higher than that of Cr-0. With the continuous increase of Cr content, the hardness value of the surfacing alloy showed an upward trend, and the surface hardness of the Cr-10 surfacing layer was as high as 67 HRC. Moreover, the wear of the Cr-10 surfacing layer was minimized to 0.0275 g, and its relative wear resistance increased by 375% compared to Cr-0.

A homogeneous CuCr50 alloy ingot prepared in situ by thermite reduction-electromagnetic casting is a type of nonequilibrium solidification structure with a Cu matrix supersaturated with Cr. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure of the CuCr50 alloy were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the conductivity, macrohardness and tensile strength of the CuCr50 alloy were measured. The obtained results show that the optimal heat treatment conditions are solution treatment (975 °C for 1 h) and aging treatment (500 °C for 2 h), for which the hardness, conductivity, and tensile strength of the CuCr50 alloy are the best; the macrohardness is 103.33 HB, the conductivity is 18.60 MS/m, and the tensile strength is 199.72 MPa. TEM characterization showed that nanosized Cr particles were precipitated and dispersed in the Cu matrix after the aging treatment; the relationship between the precipitates and the Cu matrix was incoherent, and Cu dissolved into the Cr phase in the form of a solid solution to strengthen the second Cr phase.

Background Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NCPHPT), as a new phenotype of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), has gained increasing attention. NCPHPT is easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice, and its risk factors need to be evaluated further. Objective To investigate the clinical features of NCPHPT and to explore its risk factors. Methods Patients diagnosed with PHPT (n=153) were retrospectively selected from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2016 to December 2021, and divided into an experimental group (NCPHPT group) and a hypercalcemia PHPT group according to the corrected total serum calcium level. Meanwhile, individuals undergoing physical examination with normal parathyroid function were selected as the control group. The differences in clinical characteristics, glucose and bone metabolism, imaging and pathology results among the groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of NCPHPT. Results The number of cases in NCPHPT, hypercalcemia PHPT and control groups was 36, 117 and 50, respectively. For biochemical indices, compared with healthy control group, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), uric acid (UA), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were much higher in NCPHPT group, while serum phosphorus was much lower (P0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urolithiasis〔OR=2.462, 95%CI (1.178, 3.552), P=0.011〕, decreased serum phosphorus〔OR=0.027, 95%CI (0.001, 0.711), P=0.031〕and increased AKP〔OR=2.809, 95%CI (1.422, 8.020), P=0.037〕were relevant factors for NCPHPT. Conclusion Patients with NCPHPT have many clinical symptoms such as elevated blood pressure, abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal bone mineral density and urolithiasis. The presence of urolithiasis, hypophosphatemia and increased AKP indicates the possible existence of NCPHPT, which can be used for early Screening of NCPHPT to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arising from the renal tubular epithelium, is one of the most common types of genitourinary malignancies. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE100666), S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) was highly expressed in RCC tissues. S100A8, an inflammatory regulatory factor, has emerged as an important mediator associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. Materials and Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify the key genes and investigate the main signaling pathways in RCC. Human RCC samples and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were collected in our hospital. The expression of S100A8 in human RCC samples was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. S100A8 overexpression or knockdown was mediated by using Lipofectamine 3000 in human renal cell carcinoma cell line 786-O and ACHN cells. Basic experiments, including MTT and cell apoptosis assays, were utilized for investigating the function of S100A8 in RCC. Furthermore, the levels of inflammation were also evaluated in 786-O and ACHN cells. Results In the current study, we found that downregulation of S100A8 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in 786-O and ACHN RCC cells. Of note, S100A8 silencing downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, thereby decreasing the levels of TNF-α, cleaved caspase1, and MMP9. By contrast, S100A8 upregulation could increase these expressions. Conclusion Overall, S100A8 knockdown restrained RCC malignant biological properties, which was associated with the deactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This present study demonstrates new insights that S100A8 may be a potential therapeutic target in RCC.

Abstract Aims To investigate the effect of a transition programme including cognitive‐behaviour‐based preceptorship intervention on ICU new graduate nurses' (NGNs)' professional identity and their intention to remain employed. Design One‐arm pre‐ and post‐test design followed the TREND Statement. Methods NGNs' professional identity and intention to remain employed were measured at baseline (T1), postintervention (1 month, T2) and 6‐month follow‐up (T3). Results Fifty‐three NGNs completed the programme, and their professional identity score significantly increased postintervention [from 111.5 (SD = 16.72) at T1 to 114.2 (SD = 9.12) at T2, p 0.05). The transition programme was effective to improve ICU NGNs' professional identity immediately after the intervention, but the increment did not maintain at the 6‐month follow‐up.

The high-efficiency separation of alloy and slag is fundamental to obtain high-performance CuCr alloys by self-propagating high temperature synthesis metallurgy. In this paper, Cr2O3 can determine the basic composition of CuCr alloy through the reduction efficiency, and also participates in the slagging process, which determines the separation effect of slag and alloy. Therefore, the reduction behavior and slagging effect of Cr2O3 during the in-situ synthesis of CuCr alloy by aluminothermic reduction is investigated. The results show that the Cr content of the prepared CuCr alloy is 41.3 wt.%∼42.0 wt.% according to the theoretical stoichiometric ratio, and the Cr2O3 content in the slag is 16.2 wt.%∼17.0 wt.%. When the Cr2O3 dosage is 50% over the theoretical stoichiometric ratio, the Cr content of the prepared CuCr alloy and the Cr2O3 content in the slag increases to 47.0%∼47.6 wt.% and 28.4 wt.%∼29.2 wt.%, respectively. With the increase of Cr2O3 dosage in the ingredients, the effect of alloy-slag separation is better, the inclusion in the alloy changes from Al2O3 inclusion to Cr2O3 inclusion, and the relative density of prepared CuCr alloy increases from 90.9% to 98.5%. The overall composition is evenly distributed among the different parts of the alloy. The conductivity of CuCr alloy reaches 15.69 MS m−1, and hardness reaches 95.1 H B.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the application of the ‘Internet+’ nursing teaching mode on the comprehensive teaching ‘Fundamentals of Nursing’.Trial designParallel design and convenient sampling were used to select vocational nursing students from the Nursing College of Capital Medical University.MethodsSelected students were randomly divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 30 students in Grade 2020 higher vocational nursing education (traditional teaching mode). The observation group consisted of 30 students in Grade 2021 higher vocational nursing education (Internet+ mixed teaching mode). Training assessment results, automatic learning ability, professional identity, and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.ResultsCompared with the control group, the students in the observation group scored higher in the following operation practices: venous blood sampling, intradermal injection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), sputum aspiration, and putting on and taking off robes (84.01 ± 0.87 vs. 92.14 ± 1.23; 91.41 ± 0.82 vs. 96.86 ± 0.27; 87.56 ± 0.31 vs. 93.91 ± 2.79; 88.11 ± 0.51 vs. 93.75 ± 0.29; and 82.29 ± 0.29 vs. 90.96 ± 0.34, respectively, with p

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of soluble proteins that facilitate the recognition of chemical signals in insects. While CSP genes have been identified in many insect species, studies investigating their function remain limited. Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) holds promise as an indigenous biological control agent for managing the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. This study aimed to shed light on the gene expression, ligand binding, and molecular docking of CrufCSP1 in C. ruficrus. A RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of CrufCSP1 was higher in the wings, with male adults exhibiting significantly higher relative expression levels than other developmental stages. A fluorescence competitive binding analysis further demonstrated that CrufCSP1 has a high binding ability with several host-related volatiles, with trans-2-hexenal, octanal, and benzaldehyde showing the strongest affinity to CrufCSP1. A molecular docking analysis indicated that specific amino acid residues (Phe24, Asp25, Thr53, and Lys81) of CrufCSP1 can bind to these specific ligands. Together, these findings suggest that CrufCSP1 may play a crucial role in the process of C. ruficrus locating hosts. This knowledge can contribute to the development of more efficient and eco-friendly strategies for protecting crops and managing pests.

Abstract In this paper, with the assumption of only channel statistics information available at the receivers, a novel concept of multiplicative uniquely decomposable constellations is proposed for multi‐user single‐input multiple‐output (MU‐SIMO) FSO systems in weak atmospheric turbulence, which is modeled by spatially dependent lognormal fading channels. The design enables the fast decoding at the users' sides and meanwhile allows flexibility in assigning each user's ordering to meet different priority needs. Simulation results show that our proposed design has a significant performance improvement over the TDMA scheme at the same rates.

The gallbladder (GB) microbiota plays critical roles in mammalian metabolism and immune homeostasis, and its relationship with human disease has been extensively studied over the past decade. However, very little is known about the interplay between GB microbiota and the immune functions of teleost fish, the earliest bony vertebrate with a GB. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the composition of the teleost GB microbiota and the potential mechanisms through which it affects mucosal immunity. In our results, we found that the GB mucosa (GM) and bile bacterial community shared a similar microbiological composition with that of the gut mucosa in naïve individuals. IHNV infection induced a profound GB inflammation and disrupted their microbial homeostasis followed by a strong anti-bacterial response. Interestingly, beneficial bacteria from the Lactobacillales order showed a significant increase in the abundance of the bile microbial community, whereas the structure of the Mycoplasmatales order in the gut microbial community was markedly changed. All in all, our study characterized the structure of the GB microbial ecosystem in teleost fish, and the fish GB microbiome shared a high similarity with the gut microbiota. More importantly, our findings offer solid evidence that the teleost GB evolved immune functions to preserve its mucosal microbial homeostasis, suggesting that both the microbiota and mucosal immunity of the GB might have co-evolved in early vertebrates.

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80 813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21 110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy — COVID-19.

CuCr contact material, whose mass fraction of Cr is generally in the range of 25% to 50%, is one of the most desirable contact materials for medium- and high-voltage vacuum switches. The homogeneity and denseness of CuCr alloy are the keys to its application. The infiltration and powder sintering have defects, such as uneven distribution of Cr phase, and great difficulties in preparing high-performance CuCr alloys with low gas content; the equipment investment in the vacuum consumable arc melting method is large and the production cost is high, while mechanical alloying, vacuum induction melting, and laser-selective melting as new technologies are still in the laboratory stage. From the perspective of surface modification treatment and multicomponent alloying, refinement of Cr phase grains can improve the properties of CuCr alloy. The new process of aluminothermic reduction-electromagnetic coupling refining-water and gas composite rapid cooling takes oxides as raw material and obtains a fully miscible CuCr alloy melt by aluminothermic reduction theoretically at 2848K, followed by secondary refining under electromagnetic field coupling and water-gas composite cooling and casting, which can obtain alloy ingots of 50 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height. The density and hardness of CuCr alloy prepared by this process as vacuum contact material are better than the requirements of GB/T 26867-2011, so this process has the potential to become a new-generation preparation method for large-size homogeneous high-performance CuCr alloy.

ABSTRACT The vitamin D hormone, 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and related compounds derived from vitamin D3 or lumisterol as a result of metabolism via the enzyme CYP11A1, have been shown, when applied 24 hours before or immediately after UV irradiation, to protect human skin cells and skin from DNA damage due to UV exposure, by reducing both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and oxidative damage in the form of 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). We now report that knockdown of either the vitamin D receptor or the endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp57 by small, interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the reductions in UV‐induced DNA damage with 20‐hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24‐hydroxylumisterol3, as previously shown for 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced oxygen consumption rates in UV‐exposed and sham‐exposed human keratinocytes and reduced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response binding element protein (CREB). Both these actions have been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis after chronic UV exposure, consistent with the anticarcinogenic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3. The requirement for a vitamin D receptor for the photoprotective actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of naturally occurring CYP11A1‐derived vitamin D–related compounds may explain why mice lacking the vitamin D receptor in skin are more susceptible to UV‐induced skin cancers, whereas mice lacking the 1α‐hydroxylase and thus unable to make 1,25(OH)2D3 are not more susceptible. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

The crosstalk between the immune system and microbiota drives an amazingly complex mutualistic symbiosis. In mammals, the upper respiratory tract acts as a gateway for pathogen invasion, and the dynamic interaction between microbiota and mucosal immunity on its surface can effectively prevent disease development. However, the relationship between virus-mediated mucosal immune responses and microbes in lower vertebrates remains uncharacterized. In this study, we successfully constructed an infection model by intraperitoneally injecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In addition to the detection of the SVCV in the nose and pharynx of common carp, we also identified obvious histopathological changes following viral infection. Moreover, numerous immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in the nose and pharynx at the peak of SVCV infection, after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those of the control group. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed that pathways associated with bacterial infection in the Toll-like receptor pathway and the Nod-like receptor pathway were activated in addition to the virus-related Rig-I-like receptor pathway after SVCV infection, suggesting that viral infection may be followed by opportunistic bacterial infection in these mucosal tissues. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we further identified an upward trend in pathogenic bacteria on the mucosal surface of the nose and pharynx 4 days after SVCV infection, after which these tissues eventually reached new homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic interaction between mucosal immunity and microbiota promotes the host to a new ecological state.

Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (AAPB) are a kind of heterotrophic prokaryote that can use bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) for photosynthesis without oxygen production and they are widely distributed in aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. A novel aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium strain XJSPT was isolated during a study of water microbial diversity in Sayram Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Strain XJSPT was found to grow optimally at 33 °C, pH 7.5 with 1.0% (w/v) NaCl, and to produce bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and concatenated alignment sequences of 120 ubiquitous single-copy proteins both supported that strain XJSPT belonged to the genus Pseudotabrizicola. Both average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values were below the species delineation threshold. The primary polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown lipid, and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on the results of polyphasic analyses performed in this study, strain XJSPT represents a new member of the genus Pseudotabrizicola, for which the name Pseudotabrizicola formosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJSPT (= KCTC 52636T = MCCC 1H00184T = SDUM 107003T). Comparative genomic analysis showed that four species of the genus Pseudotabrizicola shared 2570 core genes and possessed a complete anoxygenic photosystem II.

Constructing two-dimensional (2D) polymers with complex tessellation patterns is important for the fabrication of advanced materials but achieving such complexity is a great challenge. Here the authors report a tessellated 2D covalent organic framework with increased structural complexity as well as different pore structures.

In this paper, we construct the autoencoder (AE) for optical wireless communication (OWC) systems with non-negativity and peak power constraints, which provides effective transceiver design in log-normal channel. We consider the cases where perfect channel state information (CSI) or noisy CSI can be obtained under three kinds of communication rate, which is defined as the ratio of channel use number to bit number. Meanwhile, we present the block error rate (BLER) performance to further demonstrate our transceivers' superior performance than common model-based methods. The learned constellation points distribution is provided to understand the transmitter's performance. Numerical simulations are conducted to ensure the best convergence. The results indicate that AE-based transceivers can achieve model-based optimal BLER performance or provide significantly better BLER performance.

Rodents’ lifestyles vary in different environments, and to adapt to various lifestyles specific digestion strategies have been developed. Among these strategies, the morphology of the digestive tracts and the gut microbiota are considered to play the most important roles in such adaptations. However, how subterranean rodents adapt to extreme environments through regulating gut microbial diversity and morphology of the digestive tract has yet to be fully studied. Here, we conducted the comparisons of the gastrointestinal morphology, food intake, food assimilation, food digestibility and gut microbiota of plateau zokor Eospalax baileyi in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and laboratory rats Rattus norvegicus to further understand the survival strategy in a typical subterranean rodent species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results revealed that plateau zokor evolved an efficient foraging strategy with low food intake, high food digestibility, and ultimately achieved a similar amount of food assimilation to laboratory rats. The length and weight of the digestive tract of the plateau zokor was significantly higher than the laboratory rat. Particularly, the weight and length of the large intestine and cecum in plateau zokor is three times greater than that of the laboratory rat. Microbiome analysis showed that genus (i.e., Prevotella, Oscillospira, CF231, Ruminococcus and Bacteroides), which are usually associated with cellulose degradation, were significantly enriched in laboratory rats, compared to plateau zokor. However, prediction of metagenomic function revealed that both plateau zokor and laboratory rats shared the same functions in carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism. The higher digestibility of crude fiber in plateau zokor was mainly driven by the sizes of cecum and cecum tract, as well as those gut microbiota which associated with cellulose degradation. Altogether, our results highlight that both gut microbiota and the morphology of the digestive tract are vital to the digestion in wild rodents.

The mucosa of vertebrates is a particularly complex but dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms and pathogens. Although the internal and external mucosal microbiomes with immune defense of mammals have been well investigated, the relationship between mucosal microbes and their host’s immune responses has not been systematically understood in the early vertebrates. In this study, we compared the composition and distribution of mucosal microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and found that there were significant differences of microbiota between in the internal (gut) and external mucosal (buccal mucosa, gills and skin) tissues. Next, we successfully constructed an infection model with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Specifically, following viral infection, the immune and antiviral related genes showed different up-regulation in all selected mucosal tissues while significant morphological changes were only found in external tissues including buccal mucosa, gills and skin. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence, we revealed that the abundance of Proteobacteria in mucosal tissues including buccal mucosa, gills and gut showed increased trend after viral infection, whereas the abundance of Fusobacteria significantly decreased in gut. In addition, the loss of dominant commensal microorganisms and increased colonization of opportunistic bacteria were discovered in the mucosal surfaces indicating that a secondary bacterial infection might occur in these mucosal tissues after viral infection. Overall, our results firstly point out the distribution of internal and external mucosal microbiota and analyze the changes of mucosal microbiota in common carp after SVCV infection, which may indicated that the potential role of mucosal microbiota in the antiviral process in early vertebrates.

This study discusses how to facilitate the barrier-free circulation of energy big data among multiple entities and how to balance the energy big data ecosystem under government supervision using dynamic game theory. First, we define the related concepts and summarize the recent studies and developments of energy big data. Second, evolutionary game theory is applied to examine the interaction mechanism of complex behaviors between power grid enterprises and third-party enterprises in the energy big data ecosystem, with and without the supervision of government. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the main factors affecting co-opetition, such as the initial participation willingness, distribution of benefits, free-riding behavior, government funding, and punitive liquidated damages. The results show that both government supervision measures and the participants’ own will have an impact on the stable evolution of the energy big data ecosystem in the dynamic evolution process, and the effect of parameter changes on the evolution is more significant under the state of no government supervision. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed model in this work is verified by simulated analysis. The present model can provide an important reference for overall planning and efficient operation of the energy big data ecosystem.

To provide energy savings and ecological benefits, dimming control is a crucial factor in indoor visible light communication (VLC) system where desired brightness levels can be achieved. General dimming control methods have an adverse effect on communication, e.g., limiting the achievable data rate or degrading the error performance. In this paper, we propose a code-based method weight threshold check code (WTCC), which can achieve dimming control as well as improve spectral efficiency further. Moreover, the proposed WTCC has a low implementation complexity with a simple encoding/decoding structure. Finally, simulations have been carried out in terms of normalized power requirement, spectral efficiency, and error performance, which prove WTCC can provide a balance between the two basic functions of VLC: illumination and communication.

Despite the great interest in energy storage application, stable neutral CnOn (n > 1) structures either in thermodynamics or kinetics have yet been largely limited due to the rather high tendency to release the very stable CO molecule. The neutral cyclopropanetrione (C3O3) cluster has long remained elusive since no isomer with sufficient kinetic stability has been found either experimentally or theoretically. In this work, we constructed the first global potential energy surface of singlet C3O3 at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level, from which the kinetic stability of a wide range of C3O3 isomers can be determined by investigating their isomerization and fragmentation pathways. Amongst, a three-membered ring structure 01 is the global C3O3 isomer with a barrier of 10.6 kcal/mol at the sophisticated W1BD level. In particular, two carbene-type isomers 02 and 04 possess appreciable destruction barriers of 20.3 and 24.7 kcal/mol at W1BD, respectively. Thus, 02 and 04 can be useful building blocks for constructing larger high-energy density carbon-oxygen clusters. Moreover, with the carbene center, both might effectively functionalize various nano-materials while retaining the electrochemical active carbonyl and epoxyl moieties that are very desirable in alkali metal-ion batteries.