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IntroductionDynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion studies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide valuable data for studying vascular cerebral pathophysiology in different rodent models of brain diseases (stroke, tumor grading, and neurodegenerative models). The extraction of these hemodynamic parameters via DSC-MRI is based on tracer kinetic modeling, which can be solved using deconvolution-based methods, among others. Most of the post-processing software used in preclinical studies is home-built and custom-designed. Its use being, in most cases, limited to the institution responsible for the development. In this study, we designed a tool that performs the hemodynamic quantification process quickly and in a reliable way for research purposes.MethodsThe DSC-MRI quantification tool, developed as a Python project, performs the basic mathematical steps to generate the parametric maps: cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), signal recovery (SR), and percentage signal recovery (PSR). For the validation process, a data set composed of MRI rat brain scans was evaluated: i) healthy animals, ii) temporal blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, iii) cerebral chronic hypoperfusion (CCH), iv) ischemic stroke, and v) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) models. The resulting perfusion parameters were then compared with data retrieved from the literature.ResultsA total of 30 animals were evaluated with our DSC-MRI quantification tool. In all the models, the hemodynamic parameters reported from the literature are reproduced and they are in the same range as our results. The Bland–Altman plot used to describe the agreement between our perfusion quantitative analyses and literature data regarding healthy rats, stroke, and GBM models, determined that the agreement for CBV and MTT is higher than for CBF.ConclusionAn open-source, Python-based DSC post-processing software package that performs key quantitative perfusion parameters has been developed. Regarding the different animal models used, the results obtained are consistent and in good agreement with the physiological patterns and values reported in the literature. Our development has been built in a modular framework to allow code customization or the addition of alternative algorithms not yet implemented.

Fluorescence and colorimetric solid sensors for caustic media and biogenic amine vapors have been prepared. For this purpose, several hydrazone derivatives of naphthalimides were synthesized and anchored to a photo-crosslinked membrane functionalized with acid chloride groups. The membranes were characterized using different techniques, and their thermal properties and swelling degree were determined. The new naphthalimides and the membranes were evaluated as sensors by determining the change in their spectroscopic properties of absorption and fluorescence with pH. The polymeric sensors exhibit improved stability and can be reused, as a consequence of their solid character and the reversibility of the process. Furthermore, membranes were evaluated as a sensor of trimethylamine vapors through their absorption and fluorescence bands, and the color change in the membrane showed that it could be used to detect basic media with the naked eye. Finally, membranes were packaged in Petri dishes at a controlled temperature with fresh fish bought in the local market. Then, the real chance of using the sensory materials was determined by analyzing the color change in samples.

La gestión terminológica es uno de los mayores desafíos de la traducción especializada, pues los términos condensan el conocimiento especializado y aseguran la concisión y la precisión del dis­curso. Por tanto, es fundamental que los traductores desarrollen la competencia terminológica para resolver problemas terminológicos en la traducción y elaborar recursos terminológicos propios. La presente investigación, por un lado, define teóricamente la competencia terminológica del traduc­tor especializado y la sitúa dentro del modelo de competencia traductora del grupo PACTE; y por otro, propone dos instrumentos para medir la competencia terminológica en la traducción. Los instrumentos, una tarea de traducción especializada y una entrevista semiestructurada retrospectiva llevada a cabo con posterioridad a la traducción, fueron evaluados mediante un estudio piloto realizado con cinco estudiantes avanzados de traducción. Los resultados de la aplicación de los instrumentos permitieron evaluar la eficacia de estos en la medición de cada una de las seis habilidades en las que se desglosó operacionalmente la competencia terminológica, así como identificar el nivel de logro de los estudiantes en cada una de ellas.

La metáfora conceptual es utilizada con frecuencia como estrategia divulgativa para acercar el conocimiento especializado a un público lego, pero su eficacia comunicativa para la transmisión de contenido especializado no se ha comprobado empíricamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la incidencia de las metáforas en la comprensión de textos escritos divulgativos del área de Biología. Se diseñó una prueba de comprensión lectora con 4 fragmentos de textos de divulgación con expresiones metafóricas y sin expresiones metafóricas, acompañados de 16 preguntas de selección múltiple. La prueba se aplicó a 30 estudiantes de segundo año medio de un colegio chileno, y se complementó con una entrevista semiestructurada a tres de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que, a nivel local, las metáforas estructurales de una correspondencia y las de imagen posibilitan una mejor comprensión. Sin embargo, a nivel global, no se evidenció un mejor desempeño en la lectura de textos con presencia de expresiones metafóricas. Estos hallazgos permiten caracterizar el nivel de eficacia de la metáfora conceptual en el proceso de comprensión de contenido especializado, así como informar sobre el diseño de textos divulgativos con propósitos didácticos.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the drug retention rate and safety of secukinumab (SEC) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a real clinical setting.Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study included all AxSpA and PsA patients who received at least one dose of SEC. Adverse events (AE) and the drug retention rate were the main study outcomes. Drug survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves while predictive factors of discontinuation were evaluated using a Cox regression analysis. The weight of these associations was estimated by hazard ratio (HR) values.Results: We included 154 patients (59 PsA and 95 AxSpA). Mean disease duration was 6.5 years (IQR 2-8). Sixty-one percent of patients were treated with two or more biologics prior to SEC. The 1 and 2-year retention rates for SEC were 66 and 43%, respectively. The main causes of discontinuation were inefficacy (59%) and AE (36%). The factors associated with lower risk of discontinuation were male gender (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.78 p = 0.001), obesity (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.93 p = 0.027), hypertension (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-0.93 p = 0.008), and diabetes (HR 0.42 95% CI 0.18-0.99 p = 0.047) while number of previous biologics and depression were predictors of discontinuation (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.34 p = 0.011 and HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61-3.96 p < 0.001).Conclusions: SEC showed a good retention rate in a population previously exposed to several biological therapies. As a novelty, cardiometabolic comorbidities were associated with better drug survival.

Neste trabalho, embasados nos pressupostos teóricos das teorias cognitivas da Terminologia, tivemos por objetivo analisar a incidência da variação denominativa para a compreensão do conceito especializado no âmbito da Lexicografia. Para isso realizamos um estudo experimental com estudantes de Letras de uma universidade brasileira. Aplicamos uma prova de compreensão leitora a partir de textos de Lexicografia que apresentavam conceitos especializados mediante variação. Os resultados mostraram que a variação influencia cognitivamente no processo de compreensão textual e, portanto, possui uma incidência para o leitor na forma como este compreende e constrói o conceito.

Considerada em um âmbito mais amplo da comunicação especializada, as teorias modernas da Terminologia concebem a variação como uma propriedade inerente ao termo e, por esse motivo, passível de estudo, considerando fatores cognitivos e contextuais como evolução do conhecimento, nível de especialização, ponto de vista, entre outros. Por outro lado, embora reconhecida e estudada, a representação da variação nos dicionários ainda segue uma orientação prescritiva. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho, objetiva-se analisar o fenômeno da variação denominativa na Lexicografia em uso no Brasil e propor uma representação lexicográfica da variação em um dicionário especializado de aprendizagem de Lexicografia. Para isso, realizamos uma análise da variação denominativa explícita em um córpus de textos de Lexicografia brasileira com o objetivo de verificar as consequências cognitivas resultantes da utlização dessas variantes, bem como os possíveis fatores cognitivos que podem originar essa variação. Finalmente, propomos uma representação da variaçao na organizaçã microestrutural do Dicionário de Lexicografia Brasileira.

This article presents a study about the terminology used to refer to the Chilean military coup and dictatorship in high school History textbooks. Terms represent specialised concepts in a specific subject field and reflect the conceptualisation of reality of a given disciplinary community in a socio-temporal context. Term choice influences how readers access specialised knowledge. This study aimed at analysing the point of view about the military coup and dictatorship conveyed by term choice in Chilean history textbooks; and determine whether this point of view changed across time. For that purpose, the term variants referring to the main concepts of the historical period were analysed in a corpus of history textbooks distributed by the Chilean Ministry of Education between 2002 and 2014 to students in second and third year of secondary education. A semantic analysis was carried out, which took into account the conceptual information, the abstraction level of the categories and the point of view (positive, negative or neutral) reflected by term variants. Results showed that terminology remains quite stable throughout the years and convey mainly a neutral perspective about the historical events. These results are not coherent with the pluralist perspective recommended by the Ministry of Education in the curriculum guidelines.

Cisplatin and its derivatives are commonly used in chemotherapeutic treatments of cancer, even though they suffer from many toxic side effects. The problems that emerge from the use of these metal compounds led to the search for new complexes capable to overcome the toxic side effects. Here, we report the evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of Fe(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes bearing n-heterocyclic carbene ligands in tumour cells and their in vivo toxicological profile. The in vitro antiproliferative assays demonstrated that complex Fe1 displays the highest cytotoxic activity both in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) and ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780) with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The antiproliferative effect of Fe1 was even higher than cisplatin. Interestingly, Fe1 showed low in vivo toxicity, and in vivo analyses of Fe1 and Fe2 compounds using colorectal HCT116 zebrafish xenograft showed that both reduce the proliferation of human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in vivo.

Los avances tecnológicos y las transformaciones sociales provocan la aparición de nuevas unidades léxicas tanto especializadas como de lengua general, las que se difunden principalmente a través de la prensa. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en investigar cómo las áreas de especialidad contribuyen a enriquecer el léxico en español. Para ello, se analizaron neologismos de tres secciones del diario El País detectados entre 2003 y 2013, se identificaron neologismos terminológicos y no terminológicos, se determinaron las áreas temáticas representadas, se compararon los procesos de formación de estas unidades neológicas y se analizaron su inclusión en el DLE. Los resultados mostraron una difusión moderada de la terminología a través de la prensa, y diferencias entre ambos tipos de neologismos en cuanto a los procesos de formación y su función en el discurso. También se constató una contribución importante de neologismos terminológicos al diccionario, lo que confirma el papel de la prensa en la desterminologización y difusión de estas unidades.

From a specialized communication perspective, contemporary theories of Terminology conceive variation as an inherent feature of the term. For such reason, it is plausible of analysis, taking into consideration cognitive and contextual factors such as chronological evolution, level of specialization, viewpoints, among others. Nevertheless, variation in dictionaries remains underrepresented, due to the prescriptive tradition that dominated terminology research. In this sense, the present paper aims at analyzing the phenomenon of term variation in the domain of Lexicography in Brazil and at offering a proposal for its lexicographic representation in a specialized lexicography dictionary for learners. Thus, we have carried out analysis of explicit term variation of a corpus of texts of Brazilian Lexicography with a view to observing the cognitive consequences emerging from the use of such variation, as well as the possible cognitive factors that may originate this variation. Finally, we propose the representation of term variation in the microstructural organization of the Brazilian Lexicography Dictionary

Se presenta una investigación lexicográfica sobre la variación terminológica y su representación en un diccionario especializado monolingüe destinado a estudiantes universitarios. La investigación está basada en un estudio descriptivo sobre la variación terminológica en un corpus de artículos científicos de psicología y en la aplicación de un test a una muestra de estudiantes universitarios sobre el conocimiento y manejo de este recurso en tareas de producción y comprensión de textos. Los resultados muestran que la variación terminológica intratextual desempeña una función cognitiva y discursiva importante para la transmisión del contenido especializado y la construcción de un texto cohesionado. Por otro lado, los estudiantes se muestran favorables a la utilización de la variación como recurso cognitivo y discursivo pero presentan problemas a la hora de reconocer ciertos parámetros de variación y utilizarla en tareas comunicativas. Finalmente, se propone una microestructura de diccionario pedagógico que registra los distintos tipos de variación terminológica y proporciona información sobre su uso para poder explotar las posibilidades cognitivas y discursivas de este recurso.

Se presenta una investigación lexicográfica sobre la variación terminológica y su representación en un diccionario especializado monolingüe destinado a estudiantes universitarios. La investigación está basada en un estudio descriptivo sobre la variación terminológica en un corpus de artículos científicos de psicología y en la aplicación de un test a una muestra de estudiantes universitarios sobre el conocimiento y manejo de este recurso en tareas de producción y comprensión de textos. Los resultados muestran que la variación terminológica intratextual desempeña una función cognitiva y discursiva importante para la transmisión del contenido especializado y la construcción de un texto cohesionado. Por otro lado, los estudiantes se muestran favorables a la utilización de la variación como recurso cognitivo y discursivo pero presentan problemas a la hora de reconocer ciertos parámetros de variación y utilizarla en tareas comunicativas. Finalmente, se propone una microestructura de diccionario pedagógico que registra los distintos tipos de variación terminológica y proporciona información sobre su uso para poder explotar las posibilidades cognitivas y discursivas de este recurso.

This study intended to identify which referent features are more frequently selected in the naming of the concept class of places and, in turn, determine which are the preferred conceptualizations in Mapudungun. This language is mainly spoken by Mapuche people in central and southern areas of Chile and in the Central-West area of Argentina. To identify the features of this conceptualization, a cognitive-semantic analysis of the conceptual patterns of 112 nominal compounds pertaining to the concept subclasses of natural places (intervened and non-intervened) and non-natural places (installations and territorial divisions) was conducted. Results show that, for non-intervened natural places, an entity present in the natural place is preferably selected in the name, whereas for intervened places, an agricultural activity or an animal associated to the place is preferably chosen. Concerning installations, the preferred conceptual pattern specifies, by means of the constituent ruka ‘house’, the man-made nature of the place. Regarding territorial divisions, the preferred naming pattern combines two place concepts. This information is crucial for the creation of neologisms in Mapudungun because it guarantees that newly formed lexical units are coherent with the Mapuche worldview and do not import foreign models.