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The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of orally administered taurine against diabetic retinal changes via electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal histology on rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned into groups: Group I (vehicle administration only); Group II (diabetes: induced by 100 mg/kg alloxan injection); Group III (diabetes and fed with 200 mg/kg taurine); and Group IV (diabetes and fed with 400 mg/kg taurine). The body weight and blood glucose levels of the rabbits were monitored weekly. The ERG was measured on weeks 5 and 15. Retinal histology was analyzed in the end of the experiment. Results revealed that a taurine supplement significantly ameliorates the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and protects the retina from electrophysiological changes. Group II showed a significant (P0.05) between all groups and when compared with those of Group I. Our study provides solid evidences that taurine possesses an antidiabetic activity, reduced loss of body weight, and less electrophysiological changes of the diabetic retina.

Background and purpose: Minimizing radiation dose exposure to nearby organs is key to limiting clinical toxicities associated with radiotherapy. Several treatment modalities such as split- or whole-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SF-IMRT, WF-IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are being used to treat tonsillar cancer patients with unilateral neck radiotherapy. Herein, we provide a modern dosimetric comparison of all three techniques. Materials and methods: Forty patients with tonsillar cancer treated with definitive, ipsilateral neck SF-IMRT were evaluated. Each patient was re-planned with WF-IMRT and VMAT techniques, and doses to selected organs-at-risk (OARs) including the larynx, esophagus, and brainstem were compared. Results: No significant differences in target coverage existed between plans; however, the heterogeneity index improved using WF-IMRT and VMAT relative to SF-IMRT. Compared to SF-IMRT, WF-IMRT and VMAT plans had significantly lower mean doses to the supraglottic larynx (31 Gy, 18.5 Gy, 17 Gy; p

Pengungsi merupakan individu atau sekelompok orang yang mencari bantuan berupa perlindungan dan suaka dari negara lain, tetapi banyak pengungsi melakukan bunuh diri di seluruh dunia. Bunuh diri yang dilakukan oleh pengungsi juga terjadi di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kasus bunuh diri oleh pengungsi di Indonesia seperti kebijakan politik internasional, masalah perekonomian, perilaku dari masyarakat sekitar, dan depresi yang dialami oleh pengungsi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif dan metode analisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penanganan pengungsi yang bunuh diri sama dengan penanganan pengungsi saat ditemukan pertama kali karena keadaan darurat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tindakan preventif merupakan langkah penting dalam mencegah pengungsi yang melakukan tindakan bunuh diri di Indonesa. Pihak Imigrasi sebagai salah satu fasilitator yang diharapkan melakukan pengawasan secara rutin terhadap pengungsi, baik pengawasan secara fisik maupun pengawasan secara psikis. Saran terhadap permasalahan tersebut adalah pihak RUDENIM menindak secara HAM apabila terdapat pengungsi berperilaku kurang baik, IOM dapat memberikan konseling kejiwaan, UNCHR harus mempercepat proses resettlement, dan beberapa lembaga masyarakat dapat berperan dalam memberikan bantuan.