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Abstract Objectives The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between plasma bilirubin levels and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus across all populations. Methods Several databases were searched, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (Elsevier), to identify relevant cohort studies. All cohort studies that reported the risk ratio along with a 95% confidence interval were included. The association between bilirubin levels and metabolic syndrome or diabetes was reported as a pooled RR with a 95% CI in the forest plot. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 17, with a significance level of 0.05. Results Out of the 10 studies included in the analysis, four investigated the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. When these four studies were combined, the pooled RR was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.83; I2: 88.61%; P heterogeneity

Abstract In the present study, new structural variants of 4-hydroxyquinolinone-hydrazones were designed and synthesized. The structure elucidation of the synthetic derivatives 6a–o was carried out using different spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also determined. The synthetic molecules 6a–o exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging between 93.5 ± 0.6 to 575.6 ± 0.4 µM as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 752.0 ± 2.0 µM). Structure–activity relationships of this series were established which is mainly based on the position and nature of the substituent on the benzylidene ring. A kinetic study of the active compounds 6l and 6m as the most potent derivatives were also carried out to confirm the mode of inhibition. The binding interactions of the most active compounds within the active site of the enzyme were determined by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.

Abstract: Articles 454 and 455 of the Civil Code are ambiguous in terms of the examples of the "right of rescission", the examples of "the implied condition of prohibition of the customer in the assignment" and the meaning of the word "void"; however, the supreme court decision as a unified judicial precedent No. 810 dated 24/06/2021is also vague and outside the scope of the lawsuits. A court has described the option of violation of the payment of installments and the delivery of the goods upon rescission as an implicit prohibition of the customer's assignment, and has ruled on the invalidity of the possessions and eviction. But in similar lawsuits, another court, from the terms of the same contract, did not describe such a concept, and with a different interpretation of the law, ruled against the seller. The supreme court emphasized the intent of the contracting parties in the case of the right to rescind the contract and return of goods sold, by commenting on an implicit matter, and did not comment on the legal status of the possession of the seller, and believes that the owner's right of priority does not invalidate the condition and the right of rescission against the return of the goods. While, according to the opinion of the majority of late and contemporary jurisprudents, deduced from Articles 454 and 455 of the Civil Code, the customer's right of assignment in the contractual right of rescission is dependent null. Thus, since the implicit matter of the return of goods sold and the request for eviction is based on the request for the cancellation of the assignment, the decision of the court is logically voidable.

Abstract Solanum nigrum L. (Black nightshade), is one of the most troublesome weeds of summer crops such as corn, soybean, sunflower, etc. To study the effect of combined Castor oil as an adjuvant with different doses of Lumax (Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthylazine) on the physiological behavior of Solanum nigrum L., a greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications in agricultural faculty of the University of Tabriz in 2021. A foliar application of Lumax increased proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activity. The content of protein and photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) also decreased significantly by using Lumax herbicide. Applying castor oil in combination with Lumax intensifies oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that by increasing the herbicide doses in comparison with control (non-herbicide), Area, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, Sm, Sm/Tfm, and Fv/F0 decreased 48.32%, 19.52%, 27.95%, 10.47%, 50.90%, 28.34%, 79.38%, and 50.90%, respectively and F0, F0/Fm increased 46.76% and 82.38%, respectively. Castor oil showed a synergistic effect on Lumax herbicide and enhanced its efficacy on Solanum nigrum. The presented results supported the view that by evaluating chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, we would realize herbicide (alone or mixed with any adjacent) efficacy before the visual symptoms appear in the plant.

Abstract Understanding the fracture patterns of hydrocarbon reservoirs is vital in the Zagros area of southwest of Iran as they are strongly affected by the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates. It is essential to evaluate both primary and secondary (fracture) porosity and permeability to understand the fluid dynamics of the reservoirs. In this study, we adopted an integrated workflow to assess the influence of various fracture sets on the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir rocks of the Cenomanian–Santonian Bangestan group, including Ilam and upper Sarvak Formations. For this purpose, a combination of field data was used including seismic data, core data, open-hole well-logs, petrophysical interpretations, and reservoir dynamic data. FMI interpretation revealed that a substantial amount of secondary porosity exists in the Ilam and Sarvak Formations. The upper interval of Sarvak 1-2 (3491 m to 3510 m), Sarvak 1-3 (3530 m to 3550 m), and the base of Sarvak 2-1 are the most fractured intervals in the formation. The dominant stress regime in the study area is a combination of compressional and strike-slip system featuring reverse faults with a NW–SE orientation. From the depositional setting point of view, mid-ramp and inner-ramp show a higher concentration of fractures compared to open marine environment. Fracture permeability was modeled iteratively to establish a realistic match with production log data. The results indicate that secondary permeability has a significant influence on the productivity of wells in the study area.

linking of futures studies with the tourism industry can create a suitable position for research in the field of urban tourism. The present study is seeking to analyze of key affecting propellants on the development of tourism in Rasht city with future studies approach. The present study in terms of purpose is qualitative and in terms of data collection method and final results is applied. To conduct this research, 34 factors were extracted as the main factors in 5 dimensions (environmental, socio-cultural, planning-institutional, infrastructure-welfare, economic) and Then the propellants factors were identified by using the Delphi method. For data analysis, the interaction analysis method was used in MICMAC software. The results of the study indicate that due to the distribution of variables, tourism development in the Rasht metropolis is unstable. Then the key factors were ranked that the variables of development of relations with neighbors, animal life, the existence of shopping centers, were ranked first to third, respectively. According to the studies conducted in this field, so far no study has been conducted in relation of tourism development futures studies in the studied area. Finally, four scenarios were presented for the future studies of the tourism industry in the Rasht metropolis.

The over-exploitation of groundwater has led to many problems in the country. Since groundwater level is a variable that varies over the time and place, it can be considered as a spatio-temporal dataset. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial-temporal variation of the groundwater level in Jask plain from 1997 to 2013 to determine the spatial trend of groundwater changes. First, interpolation was carried out based on the Kriging and the Radial Basis Functions (RBF), and then accuracy was evaluated using MBE, MAE and RMSE statistics. The findings suggested that, compared with RBF, Kriging can estimate groundwater levels more accurately in the study area. Consequently, for each time in the study period, a groundwater level map was produced based of the method. To identify the spatial variability of the groundwater level, R2 and Man-Kendall test were used. The results of the R2 statistics indicated a significant variation in the water level. Similarly, the results of the Man-Kendall test showed a decreasing trend in the north-to-northwest margin with a high intensity of nearly -1. Generally, in different parts of the study area, the process of change has a specific and meaningful pattern.

The terahertz frequency band becomes a growth platform of various applications from medical imaging to indoor communications. Emerging new materials such as graphene and developing reliable models paved the design way for graphene-based microstructures. This paper proposes a relatively comprehensive design methodology for graphene-based multi-layers structures. The procedure includes forming device geometry, finding graphene patterns, material types, and optimizing control parameters. In this way, a reconfigurable THz wave absorber is introduced. Exploiting a multi bias scheme for a single graphene layer provide opportunity to affect device reaction via bias itself and patterns period simultaneously which increase adjustability of device response. Also using two different graphene patterns turns the device complex regarding design optimizations and simulations. So a well-known and simple circuit representation is used to design the proposed methodology and the proposed device. Knowing equivalent circuit models for the device elements triggers developing an evolutionary algorithm to search for a desirable response. In this context, the paper suggests using a weighted binary matrix in the design process. The matrix determines bias schemes for each layer. Then an evolutionary algorithm optimizes whole biases values. The expectation is more in-depth control over the device behavior via biases values. This is verified by exploited circuit model formulations and Finite Element Method (FEM) as numerical simulation for a unique three layers device.

In order to evaluate the effects of bentazon and nicosulfuron on the photosynthetic apparatus of X. strumarium in greenhouse condition, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) method was studied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after herbicide treatment (DAHT). Bentazon in comparison to nicosulfuron, dramatically affect ChlF parameters and the shape of polyphasic OJIP curves at 1 DAHT. Bentazon significantly decreased photosystem II activity via increasing minimum fluorescence (Fo) and maximum quantum yield of basal non-photochemical energy losses (Fo/FM) and decreasing maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), time to reach maximum fluorescence (Tfm), size of the plastoquinone pool on the reducing side of photosystem II (Area), maximum efficiency of water-splitting complex on the donor side of the photosystem II (Fv/Fo), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), trapping flux leading to QA reduction per RC (TRo/RC), electron transport flux further than QA– per RC (ETo/RC), and electron flux reducing end electron acceptors at the photosystem I acceptor side per RC (REo/RC). In most cases, the inhibitory effects of bentazon on photosystem II activity were observed at 1 DAHT but, those inhibitory effects were delayed by nicosulfuron application. It was concluded that ChlF is a rapid method for studding herbicide mode of action as photosystem II activity considered primary sites of action in bentazon and secondary sites of action in nicosulfuron.

The effects of mulches on weeds and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) yield, examined by field experiment at Research Station of Tabriz University in 2012, based on randomized complete block designed with four replications. Treatments included four kinds of mulches such as transparent plastic, black plastic, wheat straw, paper and control (mulch free). Results showed that black plastic was the most successful in weeds control, so that up to one month after sowing time (the first time sampling), some weeds were controled 100 percent, and all traits were reduced in some others. Two monthes after sowing time (the second sampling time), also all traits of weeds presented under black plastic significantly were reduced. After block plastic, paper was very important in weed control. At bigening of the growth season, transparent plastic caused increases in weed growth, but increasing of temperature under this kind of mulch, during season, weeds were bleached. The effects of wheat straw on weeds control was not significant. Cucumber yield in mulch treatments significantly was increased, so that from 21.25 t/h in control were reached to 57.4, 47.7, and 36.65 t/h in transparent plastic, black plastic and paper, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that using of suitable mulch, by controlling of weeds improved cucumber performance.

Introduction: In the near future, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will be the most significant cause of blindness in upper and middle-income countries. Due to the increasing survival chances for premature and low birth weight infants and the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of ROP, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of ROP and its related factors in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 47 preterm infants, weighing less than 2000 g or with a gestational age of less than of 34 weeks. The sampling method was census. From the first examination to 1 to 4 weeks later, until retinal vascularization completion, examinations were performed by the same ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and frequency, mean, SD and Chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of ROP in the infants was 10.6%. Prevalence among girls was 16% and among boys it was 4.5%. The results showed that 23.5% of infants with ROP needed mechanical ventilation. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.031). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of ROP in the NICU and neonatal ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj was low. However, due to serious consequences of the disease in premature infants, timely screening, determination, and control of risk factors provided necessary support to manage the disease.

The effect of seven herbicides (U-46 Combi Fluid, Cruz, MR, Basagran Bromicide, Lumax, and Gramoxone) on Xanthium strumarium plants was studied. Chlorophyll content and fluorescence, leaf temperature, and stomatal conductance were evaluated at 12 h, 36 h, 60 h, and 84 h after herbicides application. U46 Combi Fluid, Cruz, and MR did not have a significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves as compared to the control treatment. However, Basagran, Bromicide, Lumax, and Gramoxone showed significant changes in the shape of polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP transients). Variations in chlorophyll content index, leaf temperature, and stomatal conductance parameters were dependent on the type of applied herbicide. Our study revealed that the specific impact of the applied herbicides on the photosynthetic efficiency of plants is related to their chemical groups and their mechanism of action.

This research aims at comparing the effectiveness of training skills of parents in problem solving and expressiveness on the social adaptation and educational progress of their children.This study was conducted randomly on 24 high school boys in Somehsara. The research method was semi- experimental proper to dimentions. The means of research were questionnaires relating to social adjustment of high school students (AISS) (Sinha and Sink, 1993). (b) the average of the lessons of these students in grade one in high school to analyze the achieved data, first the averages and standard deviations were used and then for testing hypothesis analysis of the variance of a few variables was used. The research results showed that the program of parents' expressing skill has had influence on the increasing of the social adaptation and educational achievement of their students. Problem solving skill has had influence on children's social adaptation, but it hasn't had any influence on their educational achievement. The Findings of this research can be applied to students` educational progress, growth and advancement of social adaptation

This research aims at comparing the effectiveness of training skills of parents in problem solving and expressiveness on the social adaptation and educational progress of their children.This study was conducted randomly on 24 high school boys in Somehsara. The research method was semi- experimental proper to dimentions. The means of research were questionnaires relating to social adjustment of high school students (AISS) (Sinha and Sink, 1993). (b) the average of the lessons of these students in grade one in high school to analyze the achieved data, first the averages and standard deviations were used and then for testing hypothesis analysis of the variance of a few variables was used. The research results showed that the program of parents' expressing skill has had influence on the increasing of the social adaptation and educational achievement of their students. Problem solving skill has had influence on children's social adaptation, but it hasn't had any influence on their educational achievement. The Findings of this research can be applied to students` educational progress, growth and advancement of social adaptation

The process of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) varies with latitude, climate, topography and meteorological conditions. This study investigated the seasonal variability of SUHI in the Tehran metropolitan area, Iran, with respect to selected surface biophysical variables. Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) was retrieved as nighttime LST data, while daytime LST was retrieved from Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) using the split-window algorithm. Both data covered the time period from September 2013 to September 2015. To assess SUHI intensity, we employed three SUHI indicators, i.e., the LST difference of urban-rural, that of urban-agriculture and that of urban-water. Physical and biophysical surface variables, including land use and land cover (LULC), elevation, impervious surface (IS), fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and albedo, were selected to estimate the relationship between LST seasonal variability and the surface properties. Results show that an inversion of the SUHI phenomenon (i.e., surface urban cool island) existed at daytime with the maximal value of urban-rural LST difference of −4 K in March; whereas the maximal value of SUHI at nighttime yielded 3.9 K in May. When using the indicators of urban-agriculture and urban-water LST differences, the maximal value of SUHI was found to be 8.2 K and 15.5 K, respectively. Both results were observed at daytime, suggesting the role of bare soils in the inversion of the SUHI phenomenon with the urban-rural indicator. Maximal correlation was observed in the relationship between night LST and elevation in spring (coefficient: −0.76), night LST and IS in spring (0.60), night LST and albedo in winter (−0.53) and day LST with fractional vegetation cover in summer (−0.41). The relationship between all surface properties with LST possessed large seasonal variations, and thus, using these relationships for SUHI modeling may not be effective. The only exception existed in the correlation between elevation and IS, which may be useful to simulate the SUHI at night. This study suggests that in semi-arid cities, such as Tehran, with the urban-rural indicator, a surface urban cool island may be observed in daytime while SUHI at nighttime; with other indicators, SUHI can be observed in both day and night. Thus, SUHI studies require the acquisition of remote sensing image data at both daytime and nighttime and careful selection of SUHI indicators.