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The incident of fallen trees or broken branches is dangerous for tourists visiting Bali Botanical Garden. Tree health monitoring in locations with high human activity and near valuable properties is mandatory to minimize the potency of tree failure. Since the stand stability is influenced by biological and physical factors, multiple variables consisting of species characteristics (stem form), tree dimensions (height, diameter, and slenderness coefficient), and tree health were used as parameters of tree health. The aim of this study is to examine the health condition of trees located in XIV.G Bali Botanical Garden and to identify the most significant morphological character related to the result of tomograph measurement. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for locations which highly visited. A total of 80 trees were examined as samples to measure tree health. The evaluation used visual observation and tomograph technology. The result showed the most tree defect found were branches covered with epiphyte and moss. However, tomograph examination found only one tree classified at high risk (Bischofia javanica) and seven trees classified at medium risk (Syzygium polyanthum, Syzygium racemosum, Bischofia javanica, Pittosporum mollucanum, Pittosporum sp. and Dacrycarpus imbricatus (2 trees)). This study suggests the use of tree architecture model as the most significant morphological character on tree samples with medium decay.

Eka Karya Bali Botanical Gardens has several large and old trees that have signs of damage and risk endangering visitors safety. Trees health assessments are very important to prevent the risk of fallen trees. This study aims to determine the trees health and the relationship between internal and visual damage to trees in the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden. The criteria for the sample tree is that the tree has a circumference of more than 250 cm, and grows in a location with a lot of visitor activity. The research was carried out from February 2021-January 2022 at the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden. Visual assessment of trees used a modified Tree Risk Assessment Form, while internal assessment used Arborsonic 3D Acoustic Tomograph. Visual and internal results were scored, then Pearson correlation was tested on visual and internal results. The visual assessment results found 19% of high risk trees, 73% of medium risk trees, and 8% of low risk trees while the internal assessment found 65% low risk trees, 27% medium risk trees, and 8% high risk trees. The tree with a high risk for both results is Prunus cerasoides on plot XIII.B No. 17 and plot XII.A No. 3. Furthermore, internal and visual damage to trees have a strong positive relationship with a correlation value is 0.691.

Safety perception is the most important part of people's choice in determining tourist sites. Standing trees that are prone to falling are very dangerous for both visitors and employees. Standing tree with decay wood inside is often the cause of tree failure. Therefore, there is a need for research examining the risk of collection and non-collection trees in Bali Botanical Garden. Tree risk checks were carried out using the Tree Risk Assessment method from the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), which has been modified. The result of this research gives valuable information for the manager to determine tree handling to minimize tree risk.

Penge Pakraman village is a traditional village that has the potency to become ecotourism. The emergence of new tourist attractions affects land changes to support tourism activities. This causes the number of plant species in nature to decrease. Plant conservation by utilizing local wisdom is one effort to reduce the decrease of plant species number. The application of Tri Hita Karana and Tri Mandala in Balinese daily life able to support plant conservation activity. The objective of this research was to determine the role of Tri Mandala concept in plant conservation at Pakraman Penge home garden. Data collection methods are carried out through observation plant location with inventory number and name of plants in house sample. Plant use continues with study literature. The results of an inventory of plant diversity in home gardens of Pakraman Penge village recorded 70 species of plants from 16 houses sample. The plant habitus varied from herbs, shrubs until trees. Plant species in the home gardens have functions for ceremonies (51%), medicinal (24%), ornamental (17%), food (6%), and spices (2%). However, based on the location, most plant species were found in madya mandala and the lowest were found in utama mandala. We also found plants with conservation status consist of least concerned (15 species), vulnerable (Dracaena draco), near threatened (Cycas rumphii), endangered (Coffea arabica). Therefore, the application of Tri Mandala concept on Balinese home gardens supports plant conservation and gives economic benefit in individual level

Citarum watershed is a region of approximately 6,610 km2 in West Java, Indonesia. Citarum watershed has been degraded through historical land use and vegetation clearing. Rehabilitation of Citarum watershed uses Indigofera tinctoria L. that has value as a source of natural blue dye and is considered suitable for the region. Species distribution modelling and Habitat suitability index (SDM/HSI) were undertaken for I. tinctoria. The occurrence and environment data (bioclimatic, topography, and soil type) were input to HSI. Results of the Indigofera tinctoria habitat suitability model in Citarum watershed are very good (0.9–1) for some parts of the Citarum watershed. The medium and high suitability areas were respectively 4.49% and 4.37% of the area were located in the lowlands (Bekasi Regency and Karawang Regency). Prediction based on climate modelling for 2050 and 2070 estimated that the medium-high suitability area of Indigofera tinctoria will be reduced relative to the present.

Study on growth and flowering characteristic at different planting date done to gain optimum planting date of Hippeastrum hybridum hort.cv.’Red Lion’ at Bali Botanical garden nursery. In this research, three different planting dates, namely July 30, August 30, and September 30 were used. Parameter observed at this experiment was days to first leaf emergence, number of leaves, plant height, Days to flower scape emergence and number of bulblets per plants to know growing character.Number of flowers per scape, diameter of flower, and percent of flowering used to know flower character. It was observed that August planting gives the best result for number of flower per scape, plant height, number of leaves per plants and diameter of flower following by July planting. Late planting meaning September planting did not come out with satisfactory results.