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Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution was considered to be one of the main factors causing some water environment problems. However, microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortium have special advantages in wastewater advanced treatment, therefore it has important significance to investigate and discuss the process and regular pattern of the transferring and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater for the treatment and utilization of them. In this paper, the path, morphological and influencing factors of transferring and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in water treated by microalgae-bacteria consortium were systematically described. The absorption mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus by microalgae, and the synergic effect of microalgae-bacteria consortia system in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle were analyzed and summarized. It was hoped to provide guidance for the treatment of different quality of wastewater and the optimization of treatment process, and give some scientific basis and theoretical support for water environment protection and restoration.

Abstract The lossless coding framework of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) comprises prediction and entropy coding, while omitting the transform process. However, residuals derived from prediction continue to demonstrate significant spatial redundancy, which has the potential to compromise the coding efficiency. This article presents an optimized scheme for HEVC intra lossless coding that integrates transform and quantization. In the proposed scheme, a residual block, generated by HEVC, is partitioned into two components: the coefficient block and the error block. The coefficient block, responsible for lossless coding, is obtained through the adoption of the transform and quantization processes employed in HEVC lossy coding. Subsequently, the error block is derived by predicting the residual block using the generated coefficient block. Both the coefficient block and the error block can be effectively encoded utilizing the existing entropy coding scheme in HEVC lossy coding. Rate‐distortion optimization is employed to determine whether the residual block will be partitioned into two components. The proposed scheme is implemented into the HM 12.1 software. Through the utilization of the discrete cosine transform kernel and the discrete sine transform kernel, with a quantization parameter set to 20, on HEVC standard test sequences and the all intra main configuration file, empirical findings substantiate that the proposed methodology attains an average bit‐rate reduction of 3.31%, with a maximum improvement of 12.29% in comparison to HEVC lossless coding.

Taking the geoelectric field observation data of Yuanmou Julin of Chuxiong Earthquake Monitoring Center Station as the research object, combined with the ideas and specific contents of the two transformations since the geoelectric field observation，the observation data curve variation characteristics and data quality in three time periods before and after the two transformations are compared and analyzed，and the following experience is obtained，which can be used as a reference for the transformation and construction of other geoelectric field observation stations: ① The anti-interference ability and stability of solid non-polarized electrodes far exceed lead electrodes; ② Electrode buried depth need to consider more consistent soil electrical properties rather than pay attention to the buried depth，should do a good job in the construction of the site geological prospecting work，to ensure that the electrode buried after the grounding resistance without a big gap, but also should pay attention to the electrode lead buried depth must be greater than the farmers daily farming may touch the depth; ③ Double “L” type pole arrangement needs to be strictly in accordance with the construction specifications of the geoelectric station to arrange the long and short pole spacing; ④ For the insulation problem of overhead lines, it can be done between the hoop and the pole first through the insulation rubber pad insulation，and then between the hoop and the steel strand through the insulator re-insulating，especially the ground resistivity with the site observation station，more attention should be paid to the insulation of the steel strand.

With the continuous development of economy and industry, the demand for energy in modern society is ever-increasing. As a kind of high efficiency and low carbon energy, nuclear energy has attracted more and more attention. Developing nuclear energy, however, also brings some problems such as the release of radioactive metal ions that pose a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, separation and removal of radioactive ions(e.g., U(Ⅵ)) from wastewater is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are a kind of periodic porous polymer materials composed of organic molecular units connected by covalent bonds. The emergence of COFs marks a new era in the field of materials. Because of the design ability of COFs and its unique advantages in structure and pore, it shows a good application prospect in catalysis, sensing and adsorption. Very recent efforts by some investigators have focused on the application of COFs in adsorption and separation of radionuclides, generally with encouraging results. According to the classification from the structural dimension, COFs can be divided into two-dimensional COFs materials(2D-COFs) and three-dimensional COFs materials(3D-COFs). Up to now, 2D COFs materials have been widely studied and applied. In contrast, the development of 3D-COF has been relatively slow, and the performance and application have been limited, a result of the limitations of molecular structural units and topological connections, as well as the difficulties of synthesis and structural analysis. To this end, in this paper, a combination of bond transformation and post-grafting was used to construct functional 3D-COFs materials for the efficient removal of U(Ⅵ) from wastewater. Firstly, the imine bond was reduced to an irreversible amine bond by reduction reaction, and then sulfonic acid group was introduced into the skeleton by reaction with 1, 3-propyl sulfonolactone to successfully synthesize COF-320-H2SO3. The structure and properties of COF-320-H2SO3 were characterized by various characterization methods, and the adsorption behavior of COF-320-H2SO3 on U(Ⅵ) was systematically studied. The results show that the chemical stability of COFs is significantly improved by the conversion of imine bond to amine bond, and the adsorption capacity of the material for U(Ⅵ) is clearly enhanced by the introduction of sulfonic acid group with hydrophilic and strong coordination ability. Even under the conditions of 3 mol/L HNO3, the adsorption capacity of U(Ⅵ) can reach more than 40 mg/g. This work further reveals the potential application value of COFs, especially 3D-COFs materials, in the separation of radioactive metal ions.

Learning embeddings representations of users and items lies at the core of modern recommender systems. Existing methods based on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and sequential recommendation typically obtain a user’s or an item’s embedding by mapping from pre-existing features into better embeddings for users and items, such as ID and attributes. GCN integrates the user-item interaction as the bipartite graph structure into the embedding process, which can better represent sparse data, but cannot capture users’ long-term interests. Sequential recommendation seek to capture the “context” of users’ activities based on their historical actions, but requires dense data to support it. The goal of our work is to combine the advantages of GCN and sequential recommendation models by proposing a novel Self-Attention based Sequential recommendation with Graph Convolutional Networks (SASGCN). It uses multiple lightweight GCN layers to capture high-order connectivity between users and items, and by introducing ratings as auxiliary information into the user-item interaction matrix, it provides richer information. By incorporating self-attention based methods, the proposed model capture long-term semantics through relatively few actions. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show that our model outperforms various state-of-the-art models consistently.

There are many integral transforms that are widely used to solve numerous real-life, science, and engineering problems. In this article, we present SEE transform for determining the solution of the system of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of the second kind. Some applications have been given and solved by using the SEE transform for illustrating the applicability of the SEE transform. Results of the applications assert that the SEE transform is very effective for obtaining the exact solution of this equation.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important viral disease of grain crops worldwide and a major cause of yield loss. The risk periods for BYDV infection coincide with milder temperature that prolongs aphid flight and facilitates viral transmission through primary and secondary aphid movement in the crop. Secondary aphid movement is associated with greater BYDV spread in winter cereals. A critical component of BYDV management is therefore delaying sowing of winter cereals and correctly timing insecticide application to maximise crop protection. Previous research in Ireland considered insecticide timing in early (September) and late (October onwards) sown cereals. Early research did not consider action thresholds around temperature, aphid flight and risk of secondary spread. This research set out to understand the optimal timing of insecticide application in October sown winter barley to reduce BYDV infection and yield impact. A critical temperature of 3°C was used as a threshold for aphid development that leads to movement and BYDV spread, and insecticide treatments were applied to the crop at predictable intervals in relation to temperature. Results show that BYDV symptoms and yield are affected by spray time, location and year, although only significant with regard to the reduction of BYDV symptoms. For both BYDV symptoms and yield, there was a significant difference between untreated (control) plots and “early” and “late” applications of insecticide, again more notable for BYDV symptoms than yield. This work indicates the value of optimising a single insecticide spray for control of October sown cereals and supports decision-making in the management of cereal crops.

Thousand-grain weight is the main parameter for accurately estimating rice yields, and it is an important indicator for variety breeding and cultivation management. The accurate detection and counting of rice grains is an important prerequisite for thousand-grain weight measurements. However, because rice grains are small targets with high overall similarity and different degrees of adhesion, there are still considerable challenges preventing the accurate detection and counting of rice grains during thousand-grain weight measurements. A deep learning model based on a transformer encoder and coordinate attention module was, therefore, designed for detecting and counting rice grains, and named TCLE-YOLO in which YOLOv5 was used as the backbone network. Specifically, to improve the feature representation of the model for small target regions, a coordinate attention (CA) module was introduced into the backbone module of YOLOv5. In addition, another detection head for small targets was designed based on a low-level, high-resolution feature map, and the transformer encoder was applied to the neck module to expand the receptive field of the network and enhance the extraction of key feature of detected targets. This enabled our additional detection head to be more sensitive to rice grains, especially heavily adhesive grains. Finally, EIoU loss was used to further improve accuracy. The experimental results show that, when applied to the self-built rice grain dataset, the precision, recall, and mAP@0.5 of the TCLE–YOLO model were 99.20%, 99.10%, and 99.20%, respectively. Compared with several state-of-the-art models, the proposed TCLE–YOLO model achieves better detection performance. In summary, the rice grain detection method built in this study is suitable for rice grain recognition and counting, and it can provide guidance for accurate thousand-grain weight measurements and the effective evaluation of rice breeding.

This paper proposes a method to reduce seismogram variability as a determining factor in its interpretation, processing, and clustering. By introducing the concept of single fluctuations (SFs), the seismogram can be parsed into a sequence of random impulses with subsequent ordering. This rearrangement of SFs, if they are assigned by positive integers, represents the formal mapping of a regular string of integers into a random one, which can be represented with a bipartite random graph (bigraph). Due to its specific randomness, such a bigraph is considered a new type of random balanced bigraph. The R-envelope and RQ-envelope, its equidistant version, are defined by tracing the peak envelope over ordered SFs. The equivalence and complementariness of the RQ and bigraph are considered and discussed, forming a combined characteristic of the seismogram. The R/RQ provided a considerable reduction in seismogram variability, which was confirmed by creating and analyzing an ensemble of RQ from several seismograms. In the RQ domain, distance is defined as a possible basis for metrics and clustering, but the ensemble variability was quite narrow and not as suitable for this purpose. Otherwise, the ensemble shows high redundancy hidden in the seismogram population. As for the bigraph, the mesh of its edges is structuralized in bundles, forming a skeleton, which reflects the internal structural content of the seismogram. The distance over the domain of bigraphs is proposed to show the possibility of clustering. This means that only a combined RQ and bigraph provides a suitable frame for seismogram representation with reduced variability and, thus, the potential for more effectively organizing seismic databases and a deeper interpretation of seismograms; therefore, RQs and bigraphs can be considered as a transform of a seismogram. Many aspects of these concepts are thoroughly discussed. The similarity between concepts of SF and wavelets is briefly considered. This very complex theme is new and promises broad further research. All issues considered in the paper are abundantly illustrated.

The authors consider the construction of a nonlinear multiple regression model, its confidence and prediction intervals to evaluate the efforts of mobile application development in the planning phase based on the multivariate normalizing transformation and outlier detection. The constructed model is compared to the linear regression model and nonlinear regression models based on the univariate transformations, such as the decimal logarithm, Box–Cox, and Johnson transformation. This model, in comparison with other regression models, has better prediction accuracy.

Abstract Background Cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cells (CIRCs), which are a subgroup of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), are known to be present in the lymph nodes. There have been only a few cases of tumors derived from CIRCs. Case presentation We have reported a new case involving a CIRC tumor in a 75-year-old man and reviewed the literature. The resected mediastinal lymph nodes showed epithelial-like proliferation of large atypical round and polygonal epithelioid cells. The tumor cells expressed CK8, CK18, CAM5.2, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, fascin, and some FRC markers, which is consistent with the diagnosis of a CIRC tumor. Following chemotherapy, the CIRC tumor was observed to have responded very well and became difficult to confirm on imaging, but a small cell lung carcinoma developed 12 months later. Chemoradiotherapy was performed, but the patient passed away 29 months after the initial diagnosis. The autopsy revealed the recurrence of the CIRC tumor, residual small cell lung carcinoma, and a very small latent carcinoma of the prostate. The relapsed CIRC tumor cells had a spindle shape; they were highly pleomorphic and had invaded the superior vena cava. Conclusion We first reported autopsy findings of CIRC tumors and demonstrated the transformation of the tumor from the epithelioid cell type to the spindle cell type.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) serve as brominated flame retardants when added to various products. When these products reach their end of life, a large amount of domestic waste containing PBDEs enters the landfills. Given their weak chemical bonds, they are easily affected by physical, chemical, and biological processes. These processes result in their release and the subsequent contamination of the surrounding soil, groundwater, and atmosphere, causing harm to humans and ecosystems. However, despite the progress made in the research of PBDEs over the years, understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of pollutants is still limited. With the development of cities, the release of PBDEs in old landfills will gradually increase the risk to the surrounding environment. Here we review the biological and nonbiological transformation of PBDEs and their derivatives in landfills and surrounding areas, as well as their distribution in soil, groundwater, and atmosphere. Specifically, this review aims to provide insights into the following aspects: 1) the biological (plant, animal, and microbial) and nonbiological (metal catalysis and photodegradation) conversion of PBDEs and their derivatives in landfills and surrounding areas; 2) the distribution of landfill-sourced PBDEs in the soil, groundwater, atmosphere and cross-media migration; and 3) suggestions and future research directions for the management and control of PBDEs in landfills.

The conical Radon transform, which assigns to a given function f on ${{\mathbb{R}}}^{3}$ its integrals over conical surfaces, arises in several imaging techniques, e.g. in astronomy and homeland security, especially when the so-called Compton cameras are involved. In many practical situations we know this transform only on a subset of its domain. In these situations, it is a natural question of what we can say about f from partial information. In this paper, we investigate some uniqueness theorems regarding a conical Radon transform.

With the aim of solving the problem of coal congestion caused by big coal blocks in underground mine scraper conveyors, in this paper we proposed the use of a YOLO-BS (YOLO-Big Size) algorithm to detect the abnormal phenomenon of coal blocks on scraper conveyors. Given the scale of the big coal block targets, the YOLO-BS algorithm replaces the last layer of the YOLOv4 algorithm feature extraction backbone network with the transform module. The YOLO-BS algorithm also deletes the redundant branch which detects small targets in the PAnet module, which reduces the overall number of parameters in the YOLO-BS algorithm. As the up-sampling and down-sampling operations in the PAnet module of the YOLO algorithm can easily cause feature loss, YOLO-BS improves the problem of feature loss and enhances the convergence performance of the model by adding the SimAM space and channel attention mechanism. In addition, to solve the problem of sample imbalance in big coal block data, in this paper, it was shown that the YOLO-BS algorithm selects focal loss as the loss function. In view of the problem that the same lump coal in different locations on the scraper conveyor led to different congestion rates, we conducted research and proposed a formula to calculate the congestion rate. Finally, we collected 12,000 image datasets of coal blocks on the underground scraper conveyor in Daliuta Coal Mine, China, and verified the performance of the method proposed in this paper. The results show that the processing speed of the proposed method can reach 80 fps, and the correct alarm rate can reach 93%. This method meets the real-time and accuracy requirements for the detection of abnormal phenomena in scraper conveyors.

The modern process of the mediatisation of all spheres of public life affects both the volume of speech creation and the media texts themselves. The mass character and the multi-language openness of media discourse allow us to consider winged units as a means for representing and imple- menting phraseological innovations. The role of mass media in the formation of new sustainable turns is being actively studied, which speaks of their significance in this process, since it is the media discourse that demonstrates most clearly the current usage and viability of phraseological innovations in language and speech. The media discourse has a large number of ways of influencing the mass addressee, and, as recent studies of Russian media texts show, the fund of winged units as an integral part of the phraseological corpus of the national language is widely used in it. Various phrase resources (idioms, winged expressions, paremias, aphorisms, etc.) are often used both in a strong text position - the title or ending of the publication, and in the creation of media texts connecting the verbal and visual parts in which their transformational and creative potential is most clearly realized, multiplying their linguo-pragmatic effect on the addressee. The analysis of the media content of the site “Orthodox Laughs” revealed the tendency of creative use of folklorism “Баю-баюшки-баю, не ложися на краю. Придет серенький волчок - И укусит за бочок!”, which has not yet been fixed by lexicographical practice, as well as its variants that are the result of various methods of transformation language units. Structural and semantic transformations of various categories of phraseological units are an effective means of implementing specific expression in the media text. Previously, fiction was considered the main source of winged units, today the situation is changing, and the leadership belongs to synthetic art forms (cinema, television, pop, etc.). The analyzed potential winged unit has not one source of appearance: along with Russian and German folklore, this is German literature, but the expression in the Soviet animated film “The Bremen Town Musicians” was actualized. In analyzing the publications of this site, interdisciplinary methods of studying media content were used: discursive, descriptive-analytical, linguocultural, and media linguistic. The conducted research has shown that the functioning of the considered potential winged unit and its transforms confirms the thesis that these language units are in demand and widely used in modern media texts, since they have productive mechanisms of meaning formation.

After the works on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, the standard organizations continued to study the next generation of video coding standard, named Versatile Video Coding (VVC). The compression capacity of the VVC standard is expected to be substantially improved relative to the current HEVC standard by evolving the potential coding tools greatly. Transform is a key technique for compression efficiency, and core experiment 6 (CE6) in JVET is established to explore the transform-related coding tools. In this paper, we propose a novel signal-independent separable transform based on the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) to improve the efficiency of both intra and inter residual coding. In the proposed method, the drawbacks of the traditional KLT are addressed. A group of mode-independent intra transform matrices is calculated from abundant intra residual samples of all intra modes, while the inter separable KLT matrices are trained with the residuals that cannot be efficiently processed by the discrete cosine transform type II (DCT-II). The separable KLT is developed as an additional transform type apart from DCT-II. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 2.7% and 1.5% bitrate saving averagely under All Intra and Random Access configurations on top of the reference software of VVC (VTM-1.1). In addition, the consistent performance improvement on test set also validates the property of signal independency and the strong generalization capacity of the proposed separable KLT.

We establish a duality for two factorization questions, one for general positive definite (p.d.) kernels \(K\), and the other for Gaussian processes, say \(V\). The latter notion, for Gaussian processes is stated via Ito-integration. Our approach to factorization for p.d. kernels is intuitively motivated by matrix factorizations, but in infinite dimensions, subtle measure theoretic issues must be addressed. Consider a given p.d. kernel \(K\), presented as a covariance kernel for a Gaussian process \(V\). We then give an explicit duality for these two seemingly different notions of factorization, for p.d. kernel \(K\), vs for Gaussian process \(V\). Our result is in the form of an explicit correspondence. It states that the analytic data which determine the variety of factorizations for \(K\) is the exact same as that which yield factorizations for \(V\). Examples and applications are included: point-processes, sampling schemes, constructive discretization, graph-Laplacians, and boundary-value problems.

Abstract The wavelet transform (WT)-based JPEG 2000 is a standard for the compression of digital images that uses a separable lifting structure in which a multidimensional image signal is transformed separately along its horizontal and vertical dimensions. A non-separable three-dimensional (3D) structure is used to minimize the number of lifting steps in existing methods and can reduce the delay between input and output as each process is implemented by cascading in lifting calculation. This structure reduces rounding noise and the number of steps of the lifting scheme in the transform. The non-separable 3D structure in the 5/3-type transform for lossless coding reduces rounding noise, but it increases in the 9/7-type transform for lossy coding in the structure. A combination of 2D and 3D non-separable structures for 4D integer WT has been proposed to solve this problem, but the original filter arrangements need to be preserved to reduce rounding noise. Therefore, in this study, a non-separable 2D structure for the integer implementation of a 4D quadruple lifting WT with a 9/7 filter is proposed. The proposed wavelet transform has the same output signal as the conventional separable structure except for the rounding noise. As the order of the original lifting scheme is preserved, rounding noise in pixels of the decoded image can be significantly reduced, and the upper bounds of quality and lossy decoded 4D medical images can be improved.

Background: Stabilization of the vital components of neonates before the transform significantly affects their response to treatment. This study aims at evaluating the effects of electronic learning on neonatal stabilization before transform on nurses’ knowledge. Methods: The current quasi-experimental, case-control study of e-learning of neonatal stabilization before the transform was conducted in 10 weeks in 2015 on nurses and midwives taking care of newborn infants. Three teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were randomly selected and samples were selected using the convenience sampling method. The samples were allocated to two groups, intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 41). Data collection was conducted using two questionnaires on demographic information and a researcher-made multiple-choice questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 18 using paired t and Fisher exact tests, P < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: In the current study, both the intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. A significant difference was also observed in the knowledge level of the intervention group between the pre- and post-intervention measures (P < 0.001), but the same difference in the control group was insignificant (P = 0.16). There was also a significant difference between the study groups in terms of pre- and post-intervention comparisons (P < 0.001). Conclusion: E-learning of neonatal stabilization before transform improved the knowledge of participants in the intervention group. It seems that implementation of the same training courses at large scales can improve the therapeutic results of transformed neonates.

A brief introduction was given to the development history of AVS video coding standards.Then an overview of the key technologies adopted in AVS2 video coding standard (GB/T 33475.2-2016) was provided,including flexible prediction partition,multiple hypothesis prediction,optimized two-level transform,adaptive loop filter and background picture model based prediction coding for scene video.Compared to the AVS1,AVS2 can achieve more than 50% bits saving.And compared to HEVC/H.265,AVS2 can achieve significant coding efficiency improvement for scene video coding.Moreover,the applications of AVS standard in digital TV broadcasting was introduced briefly.

Local flaps are widely used in soft tissue reconstruction because they result in good colour and texture match. They can be quickly placed without donor site morbidity. However, it is not always easy to preoperatively design a feasible procedure, predict the final scar line or image the tension that may occur on and around the flap, especially for inexperienced surgeons. Because the elasticity of the skin varies with anatomical location and among individuals, unpredictable intraoperative design changes are sometimes required. Therefore, a preoperative back-up plan would be helpful. We evaluated the possibilities and advantages of an intraoperative switch from a hatchet flap (HF) to a reading man flap (RMF) procedure. Using a previously reported computer simulation with the finite element method (FEM) analysis, we developed an intraoperative local flap transformation (iLoFT) model.

A contemporary Australian health system must be characterised by partnerships with consumers. Partnering with consumers is about healthcare organisations, healthcare providers and policy makers actively working with consumers to ensure that health policy, information, systems and services meet their needs. Recognition of the need for a more active role for consumers in healthcare is gaining momentum. Currently in Australia, emphasis is being given to the role consumers and communities can play in the governance of PHNs and local hospital networks, with some accompanying investment in recent years to provide governance training. However, there is a considerable way to go in harnessing the role consumers can play as agents of change in the health system. According to Alison Trimble, 2018 (King’s Fund, UK )“Consumers are renewable energy and the secret ingredient to transformational change within the health and care system”. Collaborative practice underpins co-design and is essential to implementing current health reforms in Australia. The King’s Fund,(an independent charity in the UK) have developed a program Collaborative Pairs which is designed to support the development of the mindset and practices that underpin the culture of shared leadership and partnership and, specifically, joint clinician-consumer approaches to program and service development. The program consists of five one day sessions undertaken over a five month period to enable pairs to work on a shared work challenge in between sessions. The Consumers Health Forum of Australia in collaboration with the Western Health Alliance (operating the Western New South Wales Primary Health Network (WNSW PHN)) and three other PHNS and the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC)are implementing Collaborative Pairs as part of a National Demonstration Trial in Australia. As one of the largest rural and remote PHNs in Australia, Western NSW PHN is well placed to test the program in a rural and remote context. This contribution will provide an overview of the Collaborative Pairs Program, the model being implemented in the National Demonstration Trial with a specific focus on Western NSW. The challenges and opportunities of delivering a world class innovative program in a remote location will be discussed as well as the need to build capacity of both consumer and clinical leaders to work together in rural and remote Australia. The importance of collaborative practice and the ways that it is being practiced, supported and integrated in Western NSW as compared to other more urban sites will also be discussed.

The capacity of the downlink channel is a major bottleneck for applications based on remote sensing hyperspectral imagery (HSI). Data compression is an essential tool to maximize the amount of HSI scenes that can be retrieved on the ground. At the same time, energy and hardware constraints of spaceborne devices impose limitations on the complexity of practical compression algorithms. To avoid any distortion in the analysis of the HSI data, only lossless compression is considered in this study. This work aims at finding the most advantageous compression–complexity trade-off within the state of the art in HSI compression. To do so, a novel comparison of the most competitive spectral decorrelation approaches combined with the best performing low-complexity compressors of the state is presented. Compression performance and execution time results are obtained for a set of 47 HSI scenes produced by 14 different sensors in real remote sensing missions. Assuming only a limited amount of energy is available, obtained data suggest that the FAPEC algorithm yields the best trade-off. When compared to the CCSDS 123.0-B-2 standard, FAPEC is 5.0 times faster and its compressed data rates are on average within 16% of the CCSDS standard. In scenarios where energy constraints can be relaxed, CCSDS 123.0-B-2 yields the best average compression results of all evaluated methods.

The mandate to deliver correctional education to incarcerated individuals emanates from the United Nation Declarations, Conventions and Standards. Consequently, numerous countries worldwide utilize correctional education as a rehabilitation programme to transform offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens upon release. But, there are still miscellaneous debates on the effectiveness of correctional education. High recidivism rates seem to be a global challenge. The assumption is that correctional education may help in reducing crime and recidivism rates. Literature suggests that correctional education changes behaviour, improves self-confidence, reduces recidivism rates and transforms offenders into law-abiding citizens on release. Convergent mixed methods design was adopted to investigate the transformative effect of correctional education. This study was conducted to former incarcerated individuals who attended correctional education programmes during incarceration period in South Africa. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were utilized as data collection instruments. Quantitative and qualitative data were given equal status in the research field. Quantitative findings demonstrate with an overwhelming majority that correctional education transforms offenders. Qualitative findings confirm that correctional education changes behaviour, boosts self-confidence and transforms offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens. Based on these findings, this study concludes that correctional education transforms offenders since it boosts self-esteem and confidence, revives humanity, improves literacy levels, equips with skills and transforms offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens on release. This study recommends increased implementation of vocational education programmes. This aspect may help in reducing crime, recidivism rates, poverty and inequality. Equally, this study recommends international research on the effect of correctional education on recidivism rates.

Purpose: This study sought to use child and parent counselling to investigate aspects of maladjustment in parent–child and peer relationships of children who had been exposed to excessive private education in early life. Method: The Case study method was used for three children and their mothers, analyzing the process of transformation in awareness of the issue of excessive education, based on the content of the counselling session. Result: The process of change in awareness of problems due to their experiences of excessive private education experiences was divided into five domains and 13 categories. The participants showed that they were aware of the problems in their relationship and consequently made changes to their lives. Conclusion: This study found that counselling helped alleviate the aforementioned problems, which suggests the need for preventive interventions on parent–child relationship in the context of the negative effects of excessive private education.

The sparsity of images in a certain transform domain or dictionary has been exploited in many image processing applications. Both classic transforms and sparsifying transforms reconstruct images by a linear combination of a small basis of the transform. Both kinds of transform are non-redundant. However, natural images admit complicated textures and structures, which can hardly be sparsely represented by square transforms. To solve this issue, we propose a data-driven redundant transform based on Parseval frames (DRTPF) by applying the frame and its dual frame as the backward and forward transform operators, respectively. Benefitting from this pairwise use of frames, the proposed model combines a synthesis sparse system and an analysis sparse system. By enforcing the frame pair to be Parseval frames, the singular values and condition number of the learnt redundant frames, which are efficient values for measuring the quality of the learnt sparsifying transforms, are forced to achieve an optimal state. We formulate a transform pair (i.e., frame pair) learning model and a two-phase iterative algorithm, analyze the robustness of the proposed DRTPF and the convergence of the corresponding algorithm, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed DRTPF by analyzing its robustness against noise and sparsification errors. Extensive experimental results on image denoising show that our proposed model achieves superior denoising performance, in terms of subjective and objective quality, compared to traditional sparse models.

‘Sentential Transform’ / ‘Transformed (Reduced) Sentence’ – an Attempt at Interpretation The author analyses a series of Polish sentences, including those utterances which grammatically do not belong to the basic structures of their respective sentences. Her goal is to prove that so-called sentential transform is not a separate type of grammatical structure, but any sentence and/or noun phrase structure that has been transformed in order to be incorporated into another sentence structure The transformation is usually morphological in character, and applied to constitutive members of the respective sentence and/or noun phrase.

The article to analyzes the opportunities Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia for transform of pressure group into a political party. This study stems from the analysis of a pressure group or organization that has been in Indonesia and ever tried to transform itself into a political party. This study took more cases in Pekanbaru. The results of the analysis of the strengths and opportunities describe Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and predicting his desire to become a political party contestants elections in Indonesia in the future. The results of this study found a new theory about the transformation of a pressure group into a political party. Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia has conducted political movements from the beginning until now. Ideals end of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia is to establish the Khilafah Islamiyah. In the concept of a single -party system, then the Khilafah Islamiyah may be referred to as having a single-party system in the party system of a country.

The article to analyzes the opportunities Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia for transform of pressure group into a political party. This study stems from the analysis of a pressure group or organization that has been in Indonesia and ever tried to transform itself into a political party. This study took more cases in Pekanbaru. The results of the analysis of the strengths and opportunities describe Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and predicting his desire to become a political party contestants elections in Indonesia in the future. The results of this study found a new theory about the transformation of a pressure group into a political party. Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia has conducted political movements from the beginning until now. Ideals end of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia is to establish the Khilafah Islamiyah. In the concept of a single -party system, then the Khilafah Islamiyah may be referred to as having a single-party system in the party system of a country.

Reformasi dalam mesin pemerintahan sangat diperlukan saat ini ketika pertama, mesin-mesin tersebut diharapkan dapat beradaptasi secara tepat terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat; kedua, administrasi publik sebagai jantung mesin pemerintahan dapat membentule masyarakat. Dalam negara berkembang, administrasi publik yang tidak respek pada pembangunan dan perkembangan begitu mudah dikenali untuk dijadikan titik awal reformasi. Meski disepakati oleh be rbagai pihak bahwa reformasi secara institusional pada administrasi publik atau birokrasi pemerintah diperlukan tetapi kontraversi disekitar apa yang harus dirubah, nilai-nilai apa yang perlu diadopsi, dan bagaimana strategi perubahannya masih terjadi. Tetapi yang paling mungkin dilakukan saat ini adalah bagaimana memecahkan teka-teki disekitar pelaksanaan reformasi. Untuk hal itu, banyak analis berpendapat bahwa pelayanan publik hendaknya menjadi prioritas utama reformasi khususnya pembuatan aturan-aturan baru yang lebih rnenyederhanakan pelayanan dan berpihak pada masyarakat banyak. Artikel ini mencoba mencermati pelayanan publik dan berbagai.kendala yang dihadapi ketika reformasi tersebut dilaksanakan terutama di negara berkembang. Diatas semua hirukpikuk janji reformasi, tidak ada satupun yang bisa mengklaim bahwa proposal reformasinya adalah yang paling baik untuk diterapkan tanpa memperhatikatz aspek lingkungan, kontek, strategi, dan dinamika masyarakat. Bagaimanapun juga kesadaran akan pentingnya aspek-aspek tersebut terkadang rentan dan sering mengabaikan terhadap perubahan di tingkat kemauan politik dan administrasi penyelenggara negara. Akhirnya, tulisan ini diakhiri dengan menganjurkan bahwa reformasi pelayanan publik hanya akan berarti bila ada penciptaan good governance dengan pelibatan semua pihak.

Departing from examples found in the language of Njegoš and later writers from a broader area, and on the theoretical premises of cognitive linguistics as well as on transformational grammar methodology, author is discussing the syntactic and semantic elements that enable the alternations of conjunctions gde, što, kako and da - mutually and with other dependent clauses conjunctions the semantic basis of which are the notions “cause”, “space”, “manner of an action” and “object of an action”. According to author, in the given process, with inner linguistic semantic and analogical factors, the idiolectal experience of speaker / writer (listener / reader) and his/her knowledge of language units in the common language of the given society - have the most important role in the event of language perception.

Transformation is often loosely defined. We argue that the reason for this is its inherent complexity. Paradoxically, its lack of definition is an asset, which provides an opportunity to rethink and research transformation in higher education, rather than an urgent problem to be solved. In this article, the possibilities for researching and rethinking transformation are based on an exploration of transformation in higher education and the policy directives that influenced its development in South Africa. A meta-study was used to determine the national publishing trends in the South African Journal of Higher Education and the way transformation in higher education is situated in some of the articles in this journal. The population of the study comprised 1050 articles published between 2005 and 2015 in the South African Journal of Higher Education. These were analysed to determine the broad national publishing trends. Thereafter, an in-depth analysis was conducted on 30 of these articles to determine the approach to transformation in higher education and the context in which it was discussed. Based on the findings of the analysis, we recommend future directions for rethinking and researching transformation in higher education.

An object-oriented computational framework for the transformation of colour data and colour metric tensors is presented. The main idea of the design is to represent the transforms between spaces as compositions of objects from a class hierarchy providing the methods for both the transforms themselves and the corresponding Jacobian matrices. In this way, new colour spaces can be implemented on the fly by transforming from any existing colour space, and colour data in various formats as well as colour metric tensors and colour difference data can easily be transformed between the colour spaces. This reduces what normally requires several days of coding to a few lines of code without introducing a significant computational overhead. The framework is implemented in the Python programming language.

In this paper we analyze the relationship between integer Lifting scheme and Rounding transform as means to compute the wavelet transform in signal processing area. We bring some new results which better describe relationship, reversibility and equivalence of integer lifting scheme and rounding transform concept.

Two general theorems on Laplace-Stieltjes transform are established. One theorem is a generalized convolution theorem, while the second is a generalized Parseval theorem for a operator with kernel k(s,t). Several special cases can be derived from these theorems. One section is devoted to applications of these theorems to evaluate some integrals.

Spontaneous fixations onto shapes are driven by a structural analysis. But is such analysis also carried out during free viewing of real-world scenes? Here, we analyze how fixation locations in such scenes are related to their region using the region's symmetric axes as a reference. Each fixation location is compared with respect to its nearest symmetric-axis segment by a latitude and a longitude measure. Analyzing the distributions for the two measures we find that there exist fixation biases for L features and parallel contours, suggesting that structural analysis may play a role in saccadic target selection during free viewing.

The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images. In this paper, a new and robust spread spectrum based watermarking scheme has been proposed.The proposed scheme depend on both Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). First, we decompose the image by DWT into a single level. Then, the approximation part is divided into blocks. The embedding is done in an adaptive fashion depending on the mean (M) of the block. A chaotic sequence of real numbers, depends on a secret key, is embedded as a watermark in the DCT coefficients of the selected blocks. Detection stage generates a watermark which would be compared with the original watermark, by the correlation measure, to determine the existing of the watermark or not. Different tests have been experimented to explain the transparency and the robust of the proposed scheme.

Abstract Background Identification of recurrent patterns in complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) has been used to differentiate paroxysmal from persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Detection of the atrial CFAE patterns might therefore be assistive in guiding radiofrequency catheter ablation to drivers of the arrhythmia. In this study a technique for robust detection and classification of recurrent CFAE patterns is described. Method CFAE were obtained from the four pulmonary vein ostia, and from the anterior and posterior left atrium, in 10 patients with paroxysmal AF and 10 patients with longstanding persistent AF (216 recordings in total). Sequences 8.4 s in length were analyzed (8,192 sample points, 977 Hz sampling). Among the 216 sequences, two recurrent patterns A and B were substituted for 4 and 5 of the sequences, respectively. To this data, random interference, and random interference + noise were separately added. Basis vectors were constructed using a new transform that is derived from ensemble averaging. Patterns A and B were then detected and classified using a threshold level of Euclidean distance between spectral signatures as constructed with transform coefficients. Results In the presence of interference, sensitivity to detect and distinguish two patterns A and B was 96.2%, while specificity to exclude nonpatterns was 98.0%. In the presence of interference + noise, sensitivity was 89.1% while specificity was 97.0%. Conclusions Transform coefficients computed from ensemble averages can be used to succinctly quantify synchronized patterns present in AF data. The technique is useful to automatically detect recurrent patterns in CFAE that are embedded in interference without user bias. This quantitation can be implemented in real-time to map the AF substrate prior to and during catheter ablation.