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Uvod: Bolečina po carskem rezu je pričakovan dogodek, ki lahko vpliva na okrevanje otročnice in prvo dojenje. Namen tega pregleda je ugotoviti povezavo med obravnavo bolečine z opioidi po carskem rezu in podporo pri dojenju. Metode: Izvedli smo pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Iskanje je potekalo po podatkovnih bazah PubMed Central, ScienceDirect in Google Scholar. Vključena je bila literature, objavljena med letoma 2013 in 2023. Pri iskanju so bile uporabljene kombinacije ključnih besed: »bolečina«, »porod«, »opioid«, »mobilizacija« in »zdravstvena nega«. Primarni viri so bili izbrani v skladu z merili za vključitev in izključitev. Postopek iskanja in izbor sta prikazana s pomočjo PRISMA diagrama. Tematska analiza je bila izvedena s kodiranjem reziltatov. Rezultati: Identificirali smo 9 člankov, ki so obravnavali status obvladovanja bolečine z opioidi po carskem rezu. Rezultate smo kritično ovrednotili z orodjem PICO. Glavna vsebina so bili rezultati pri ugotavljanju različnih intervencij za obvladovanje pooperativne bolečine in za začetek dojenja po carskem rezu. Diskusija in zaključek: Na splošno velja, da so otročnice v različnih državah bolj izpostavljene tveganju neučinkovitih načinov obvladovanja bolečine po carskem rezu. Opredelili smo ključne vrzeli, ki bi lahko bile nadaljne področje raziskovanja za ustreznejše obvladovanje bolečine ter podpora dojenju po carskem rezu.

Religion is a complex construct that defines not only the historical and social identity of a nation, but also the personal identity of an individual. The attitude towards religion can be conditioned by tradition, political ideology, true faith, education, etc. In our research, we have tried to establish the level of religiousness of the female students of teacher education faculties in Serbia, belonging to the Orthodox Christianity as the dominant confession in Serbia. We examined their attitudes towards some of the moral challenges encountered by believers, including abortion, prostitution, same-sex marriages, the use of cannabis, and euthanasia. Using a snowball non-discriminative online sample of 336 female Orthodox students, we found that the students assessed themselves as above-average religious and that out of three dimensions of religiousness measured in the questionnaire, the lowest scores were recorded for the dimension of the effect of faith on their behavior. The study showed that the level of religiousness is a good predictor of attitudes towards abortion, prostitution, and same-sex marriages, but not towards the use of cannabis. Moreover, religiousness and attitudes towards prostitution are positively correlated, which is directly opposite to religious teachings. This is why a question arises as to whether we can speak about a return to faith or merely a return to the traditional model of manifesting the religious as an antipode to the secular organization in force until 1989. The results of our research point to the latter conclusion.

Uvod: Pandemijo covid-19 povezujemo s povečanim tveganjem za posttravmatsko stresno motnjo pri zdravstvenih delavcih. Namen sistematičnega pregleda literature je prepoznati vpliv pandemije covida-19 na duševno zdravje v tej populaciji. Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature. Iskanje je potekalo od novembra 2020 do januarja 2021. Vključene so bile naslednje iskalne zbirke podatkov: Pubmed, Ebsco, Ovid in Google Scholar. Pri iskanju so bile uporabljene kombinacije ključnih besed: samopodoba, strah, preventiva, medicinske sestre, zdravniki. Uporabili smo diagram PRISMA za prikaz poteka pregleda literature. Tematska analiza je potekala na način kodiranja rezultatov. Rezultati: Iz celotnega iskalnega niza več tisoč člankov smo v končno analizo prenesli štirinajst člankov. Prevalenca anksioznosti med zdravstvenimi delavci je 12,3–35,6 %. Zdravstveni delavci moškega spola so imeli bistveno blažje simptome tesnobe kot ženske. Stopnja tesnobe je bila višja v zdravstveni negi, vendar so bili pri moških manj izraziti simptomi tesnobe kot pri ženskah. Diskusija in zaključek: Pandemija covid-19 je povzročila duševne obremenitve zdravstvenih delavcev. Za obvladovanje duševnega zdravja pri medicinskih sestrah in zdravnikih je treba vključiti preventivne psihoedukativne ukrepe, kot sta briefing in teambuilding.

Background: Opioid over-prescription after cesarean delivery (CD) delays postoperative recovery, interferes with breastfeeding and may prompt persistent opioid use after hospital discharge. We evaluated the effects of implementing a multimodal stepwise analgesic regimen on opioid consumption and pain scores after CD. Methods: This was a retrospective before-after study. Opioid intake (expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME)) and pain scores (using the 11-point numerical rating score) within 24-hours following planned cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia without intrathecal morphine were compared before vs. after change in post-cesarean analgesia regimen. This included intensified non-opioid analgesia with quadratus lumborum block and shifting from scheduled to as-needed opioids. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: We included 116 women: 58 in pre-intervention and 58 in post-intervention group. There was an 86% reduction in MME (median 14 (interquarile range (IQR) 14–18) mg pre-intervention vs. 2 (IQR 2–4) mg post-intervention; p < 0.001). Pain scores were statistically higher at 2 and 4 hours post-CD in the post-intervention group (1 (IQR 1–2) vs. 2 (IQR 1–3); p = 0.001, and 2 (IQR 1–3) vs. 2 (IQR 2–3); p = 0.03, respectively) but lower at 6 hours post-CD (3 (IQR 2–4) vs. 2 (IQR 2–3); p = 0.02). No statistically significant difference in pain scores at 1, 12 and 24 hours post-CD were observed. Conclusion: Multimodal stepwise analgesic regimen allowed shifting from scheduled to as-needed opioids for post-CD pain management without increase in pain scores. This resulted in significant reduction in opioid consumption after CD.

Uvod: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali lahko z uvedbo multimodalne analgezije po carskem rezu zmanjšamo odmerke opioidov in pospešimo pooperativno okrevanje. Metode: V retrospektivni kohortni raziskavi sta bili primerjani dve skupini: eksperimentalna (po uvedbi novega analgetičnega režima) in kontrolna skupina (pred uvedbo novega analgetičnega režima). Opazovana je bila sposobnost samostojne osebne higiene porodnice, skrb za novorojenčka po carskem rezu in čas od operacije do prvega podoja. Pri statistični analizi je bil uporabljen test hi-kvadrat in Mann-Whitneyjev U-test. Rezultati: V skupino z quadratus lumborum blokom in v kontrolno skupino smo vključili po 58 otročnic. Po uvedbi multimodalnega analgetičnega režima je večji delež otročnic samostojno skrbel za osebno higieno po šestih urah po carskem rezu (44 (76 %) otročnic v skupini quadratus lumborum blok in nobena v skupini opioidne analgezije). Po dvanajstih urah se je delež pri skrbi za osebno higieno v skupini, v kateri smo lajšali bolečino z opioidno analgezijo, nekoliko popravil 55 (95 %) v prvi skupini in v drugi skupini 28 (48 %, p < 0,001). Prvi podoj po carskem rezu je bil v prvi uri po operaciji pogostejši pri kontrolni skupini (19 otročnic pri quadratus lumborum bloku (33 %) in 32 otročnic z opioidno analgezijo (55 %, p = 0,02), po dveh urah razlik ga niso zaznali. Diskusija in zaključek: Z multimodalnim analgetičnim načinom pripomoremo k hitrejšemu samostojnemu izvajanju negovalnih aktivnosti otročnice, ki ji omogočajo hitrejšo prilagoditev na novo življenjsko vlogo.

This paper presents an empirically study on the attitudes of female university students at all Teacher Education Faculties in Serbia (TEFS). For the purposes of this study, a survey was prepared to be completed by students online, and virtual exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling was applied. The independent variables were religion, major subjects, year of study, age, the completion of secondary schooling, whether an optional subject was studied during previous schooling, and whether female students were employed. The dependent variables were the respondents’ attitudes to religious instruction and civic education. The sample included 372 students from all TEFS, and the research was conducted in the period from 15 May to 8 June 2022. The data were processed with the aid of nonparametric statistics. The results showed that religion did not contribute to differences in students’ attitudes and opinions regarding the method of performing religious instruction and civic education, but that some other factors contributed to it, such as previous experience with these subjects and whether the respondent had completed secondary schooling. These results may be interpreted in the light of the weaknesses of the confessional model, that is, the lack of knowledge regarding the basic paradigms of other confessions, which is of great importance for countries such as Serbia which have numerous national minorities and religious communities.

Product assembly is often one of the last steps in the production process. Product assembly is often carried out by workers (assemblers) rather than robots, as it is generally challenging to adapt automation to any product. When assembling complex products, it can take a long time before the assembler masters all the steps and can assemble the product independently. Training time has no added value; therefore, it should be reduced as much as possible. This paper presents a custom-developed system that enables the guided assembly of complex and diverse products using modern technologies. The system is based on pick-to-light (PTL) modules, used primarily in logistics as an additional aid in the order picking process, and Computer Vision technology. The designed system includes a personal computer (PC), several custom-developed PTL modules and a USB camera. The PC with a touchscreen visualizes the assembly process and allows the assembler to interact with the system. The developed PC application guides the operator through the assembly process by showing all the necessary assembly steps and parts. Two-step verification is used to ensure that the correct part is picked out of the bin, first by checking that the correct pushbutton on the PTL module has been pressed and second by using a camera with a Computer Vision algorithm. The paper is supported by a use case demonstrating that the proposed system reduces the assembly time of the used product. The presented solution is scalable and flexible as it can be easily adapted to show the assembly steps of another product.

Uvod: Klinična pot je metodologija, ki celotnemu zdravstvenemu timu omogoča racionalno in na primerih dobre prakse utemeljeno obravnavo, spremljanje opravljenega dela ter poenoteno in poenostavljeno dokumentiranje. Cilj je bil identificirati klinično pot za učinkovito obravnavo otročnice in razviti prototip informacijskega sistema, ki bi olajšal izvajanje omenjene poti. Metode: S sistematičnim pregledom literature je bila identificirana obstoječa klinična pot. Z metodo modeliranja in s strukturiranimi intervjuji šestih deležnic v fokusni skupini je bil oblikovan prototip informacijskega sistema. Evalviran je bil s prepoznavanjem vzorcev in ključnih tem iz kliničnega okolja. Rezultati: Kriteriji presojanja deležnic fokusne skupine pri evalvaciji prototipa kažejo, da lahko prototip informacijskega sistema ustrezno podpre omenjeno klinično pot. Predlogi za izboljšavo, ki so jih podale deležnice fokusne skupine, so bili v razviti prototip vključeni naknadno. Diskusija in zaključek: Za obravnave znotraj sistema klinične poti v zgodnjem poporodnem obdobju so pomemben vezni člen prav medicinske sestre. Z uvedbo obravnav po sistemu klinične poti, ki je podprta s predlaganim informacijskim sistemom, se lahko bistveno izboljša način dokumentiranja obravnav pri izvajanju omenjene klinične poti. Z reduciranjem nepotrebnega dvojnega beleženja bi medicinske sestre pridobile več časa, ki bi ga lahko koristneje porabile.

In the paper, the possibility of combining deep neural network (DNN) model compression methods to achieve better compression results was considered. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method, all methods were applied to the ResNet18 model for pretraining to the NCT-CRC-HE-100K dataset while using CRC-VAL-HE-7K as the validation dataset. In the proposed method, quantization, pruning, weight clustering, QAT (quantization-aware training), preserve cluster QAT (hereinafter PCQAT), and distillation were performed for the compression of ResNet18. The final evaluation of the obtained models was carried out on a Raspberry Pi 4 device using the validation dataset. The greatest model compression result on the disk was achieved by applying the PCQAT method, whose application led to a reduction in size of the initial model by as much as 45 times, whereas the greatest model acceleration result was achieved via distillation on the MobileNetV2 model. All methods led to the compression of the initial size of the model, with a slight loss in the model accuracy or an increase in the model accuracy in the case of QAT and weight clustering. INT8 quantization and knowledge distillation also led to a significant decrease in the model execution time.

Even though legally protected, many areas worldwide are under a certain level of human pressure. Significant for humanity for many reasons, mountain regions are also threatened because of different anthropogenic activities, especially the ones with developed winter tourism. There are four main ski resorts in Serbia (Kopaonik, Zlatibor, Stara Planina and Brezovica) and the strongest environmental impact is registered on Kopaonik Mountain. In this paper, we tried to answer if winter tourism could be sustainable in protected areas, especially on Kopaonik Mountain, which is recognized as the largest ski resort in Serbia and a natural protected area of the highest state level—a National Park. The main threats to the environment in Kopaonik National Park are logging, building and construction of ski slopes, urbanization, artificial snow use, illegal and unplanned building. Negative consequences of winter tourism development are land degradation, deforestation, loss and fragmentation of natural habitats, ecosystem disturbances, erosion, soil loss and pollution, water and air pollution, noise and light pollution. Harmonizing tourism development with conservation activities within natural protected areas is one of the main priorities of sustainable use of natural values and resources. For the successful and sustainable development of an area, it is necessary to conduct multidisciplinary planning, based on the results from the relevant scientific disciplines.

Even though legally protected, many areas worldwide are under a certain level of human pressure. Significant for humanity for many reasons, mountain regions are also threatened because of different anthropogenic activities, especially the ones with developed winter tourism. There are four main ski resorts in Serbia (Kopaonik, Zlatibor, Stara Planina and Brezovica) and the strongest environmental impact is registered on Kopaonik Mountain. In this paper, we tried to answer if winter tourism could be sustainable in protected areas, especially on Kopaonik Mountain, which is recognized as the largest ski resort in Serbia and a natural protected area of the highest state level—a National Park. The main threats to the environment in Kopaonik National Park are logging, building and construction of ski slopes, urbanization, artificial snow use, illegal and unplanned building. Negative consequences of winter tourism development are land degradation, deforestation, loss and fragmentation of natural habitats, ecosystem disturbances, erosion, soil loss and pollution, water and air pollution, noise and light pollution. Harmonizing tourism development with conservation activities within natural protected areas is one of the main priorities of sustainable use of natural values and resources. For the successful and sustainable development of an area, it is necessary to conduct multidisciplinary planning, based on the results from the relevant scientific disciplines.

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that the process of HIV-1 tRNA primer selection and encapsidation of genomic RNA might be coupled with viral translation. In order to further investigate this relationship, proviruses were constructed in which the primer-binding site (PBS) was altered to be complementary to elongator tRNAMet (tRNAMet(e)) (HXB2-Met(e)) or initiator tRNAMet (tRNAMet(i)) (HXB2-Met(i)). These tRNAMet not only differ with respect to the 3' terminal 18-nucleotides, but also with respect to interaction with host cell proteins during protein synthesis. Results Consistent with previous studies, HXB2-Met(e) were infectious and maintained this PBS following short-term in vitro culture in SupT1 cells. In contrast, transfection of HBX2-Met(i) produced reduced amounts of virus (as determined by p24) and did not establish a productive infection in SupT1 cells. The low infectivity of the virus with the PBS complementary to tRNAMet(i) was not due to differences in endogenous levels of cellular tRNAMet(i) compared to tRNAMet(e); tRNAMet(i) was also capable of being selected as the primer for reverse transcription as determined by the endogenous reverse transcription reaction. The PBS of HXB2-Met(i) contains an ATG, which could act as an upstream AUG and syphon scanning ribosomes thereby reducing initiation of translation at the authentic AUG of Gag. To investigate this possibility, a provirus with an A to G change was constructed (HXB2-Met(i)AG). Transfection of HXB2-Met(i)AG resulted in increased production of virus, similar to that for the wild type virus. In contrast to HXB2-Met(i), HXB2-Met(i)AG was able to establish a productive infection in SupT1 cells. Analysis of the PBS following replication revealed the virus favored the genome with the repaired PBS (A to G) even though tRNAMet(i) was continuously selected as the primer for reverse transcription. Conclusion The results of these studies suggest that HIV-1 has access to both tRNAMet for selection as the replication primer and supports a co-ordination between primer selection, translation and encapsidation during virus replication.