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High-throughput (HT) chemical synthesis facilitates accelerated materials discovery products. However, HT methods are limited by the need for expensive robotic systems, complicated methodology, and low yield. Hence, we developed a hyper-heuristic combinatorial flow synthesis (HCFS) device capable of composition gradient generation and production of an adequate mass of Fe–Co–Ni alloy nanoparticles. A library of 91 Fe–Co–Ni powder compositions was synthesized using this technique. A high-throughput spark plasma sintering (HT-SPS) methodology, along with the die design, was developed for combinatorial screening of multiple properties. 56 compositions were down-selected and consolidated into compositionally graded bulk samples using HT-SPS and subsequent annealing. The crystallographic, magnetic, electrical, and magnetic properties of the bulk library were assessed. The saturation magnetization (Ms) varied from 83.3 emu/g to 225.2 emu/g, coercivity (Hc) from 17.5 Oe to 78.4 Oe, resistivity (ρ) from 17.2 μΩ·cm to 986.7 μΩ·cm, and Vickers hardness (HV) from 41.9 HV to 281.7 HV. Novel Fe–Co–Ni compositions, e.g., Fe36.5Co55.1Ni8.4 and Fe22.6Co73.4Ni4, with a promising multi-property set, were identified for the first time. This study demonstrated that promising new compositions exhibiting multi-property optimization can be successfully discovered by our hyper-heuristic combinatorial chemical synthesis methodology.

Background: There is an established well reported link of intussusception with the use of rotavirus vaccines. Little is known about the newly introduced rotasiil vaccine causing intussusception. So, this study has been undertaken to study the epidemiology of intussusception and its potential risk among children vaccinated with Rotasiil vaccine. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 years among children

Efficient thermal management is an urgent unmet need for a plethora of energy-generating and consuming devices and systems. An improved cooling of high-power light-emitting diodes (LED) used in modern lighting will enhance energy savings, lifetime, and maintain high luminosity for a longer time. However, current passive techs are unable to address this challenge. We have performed detailed experimental and simulation investigations to address this challenge, resulting in the magnetic nanofluid cooling (MNFC) device providing the highest passive cooling of a high-power LED. For a versatile MNFC device suitable for cooling in a broad range of heat flux and temperatures of a heat load, the role of hydrodynamic and magnetic properties on the MNFC device performance was quantified. Several types of ferrofluid coolants with a range of viscosity and magnetic property values were studied. The MNFC device performance was compared with other passive devices by normalized cooling to applied heat flux and found that our device provided the highest reported temperature drop of 197 °C and the most efficient normalized cooling of 29 °C⋅kW−1⋅m2. The simulation model was modified significantly and included practical device parameters of temperature-dependent viscosity and electrical heating of the heat load, obtaining an excellent quantitative agreement with experiments obtaining dominant parameters for superior MNFC and relevant nondimensional numbers. We developed a material selection map by combining experimental and simulation findings, which were utilized to develop an efficient MNFC device demonstrating an excellent passive cooling of a high-power LED by ≈100 °C. The developed device and green, passive cooling methodology are useful to enhance the efficiency and lifetime, ensuring continuous high performance of a target device by removing generated waste heat.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in pregnant women can have important effects on the perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Multiple modes of transmission of infection from mother to the newborn have been suggested as also the increased risk of complications in COVID-19 infected neonates. Aim: To study the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and short-term outcomes of neonates born to mothers infected with COVID-19 in relation to maternal COVID-19 severity and co-morbidities and to compare the same between COVID-19 infected and non infected neonates. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 174 neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers admitted and delivered from 1st August 2020 to 31st October 2020, at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS), North Karnataka, India. Data was collected from medical records about the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the mothers and their neonates, symptoms and severity of COVID-19 and their management and short-term outcomes. Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s-exact test was used for statistical analysis. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 174, 18 (10.35%) neonates tested positive for COVID-19 by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The rates of pre-maturity and low birth weight amongst all 174 neonates were 17.24% and 24.14%, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic features, in the need for resuscitation and incidence of complications like prematurity, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, sepsis between COVID-19 infected and non infected neonates. However, an increased risk of Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) (OR– 2.21) in COVID-19 infected neonates. None of the COVID- 19 infected neonates required Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation and all were discharged subsequently. In this study there were 3(1.72%) deaths, all among COVID-19 non infected, neonates. Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 infection in neonates born to COVID-19 infected mothers in this study was 10.35%. Most of the infections in neonates were of less severity without a significantly increased need for respiratory support and without significant mortality.

Introduction: Late-onset Sepsis (LOS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Probiotics have been suggested to improve the integrity of mucosal barrier by modifying the enteric microflora and suppress the overgrowth and translocation of pathogens in the gut, thus preventing life- threatening infections. Although probiotics have a definite role in prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates, their effect on prevention of LOS in preterm neonates is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the role of probiotics in reducing incidence of LOS in preterm neonates (0.05)) and duration of hospital stay (10.86±3.19 vs 11.23±2.98 days; (p>0.05)). However, incidence of feed intolerance in the probiotic group (11.11%) was significantly less than that the other (26%) (p

Appropriate water management practices are essential for the successful cultivation of chia in water-scarce situations of semiarid regions. This is highly essential when new crops such as chia are introduced for ensuring diversity and water saving. Therefore, field trials (2020–21 and 2021–22) were conducted to understand the impact of deficit irrigation and bioregulators (BRs) on the seed yield, water productivity, and oil quality of chia. The effect of foliar application of BRs such as thiourea (TU; 400 ppm), salicylic acid (SA; 1.0 mM), potassium nitrate (KN; 0.15%), potassium silicate (KS; 100 ppm), kaolin (KO; 5%), and sodium benzoate (SB; 200 ppm) were monitored at different levels of irrigation: 100 (I100), 75 (I75), 50 (I50), and 25 (I25) percent of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). Deficit irrigation at I25, I50, and I75 led to 55.3, 20.1, and 3.3% reductions in seed yield; 42.5, 22.5, and 4.2% in oil yield; and 58.9, 24.5, and 5.7% in omega–3 yield, respectively, relative to I100. Bioregulators could reduce the adverse impact of water deficit stress on seed, oil, and omega–3 yield. However, their beneficial effect was more conspicuous under mild water stress (I75), as revealed by higher seed yield (4.3–6.9%), oil yield (4.4–7.1%), and omega–3 yield (4.7–8.5%) over control (I100 + no BRs). Further, BRs (KN, TU, and SA) maintained oil quality in terms of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, even under mild stress (I75). Foliar application of KN, TU, and SA could save water to an extent of 36–40%. Therefore, the adverse impact of deficit irrigation on seed, oil, and omega–3 yields of chia could be minimized using BRs such as KN, TU, and SA, which can also contribute to improved water productivity.

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the physicochemical characteristics, selected processing-related parameters and activity of selected enzymes in Surti goat milk. Materials and Methods: Milk samples from Surti goats and buffalo milk samples were collected during the period from July 2013 to January 2014 at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. Milk samples from Kankrej cows were collected from Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics such as acidity, viscosity, surface tension, specific gravity, refractive index, freezing point, and electrical conductivity. Samples were also analyzed for selected processing-related parameters such as heat coagulation time (HCT), rennet coagulation time (RCT), rate of acid production by starter culture, alcohol stability, and activity of selected enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity, proteolytic activity, and lipase activity. Results: Goat milk had the highest acidity, viscosity and surface tension, followed by cow milk and buffalo milk. However, the differences in acidity, specific gravity, surface tension, refractive index, electrical conductivity, HCT and lipase activity of three types of milk studied, viz., goat, cow, and buffalo milk were found statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the buffalo milk. However, the difference in viscosity, freezing point and RCT of goat milk and that of the cow milk was statistically non-significant. The cow milk had the highest refractive index, followed by goat and buffalo milk. The cow milk had the highest proteolytic activity and heat coagulation time (HCT), followed by those found in buffalo and goat milk. The goat milk had the lowest freezing point, lipase activity, and RCT, followed by those found in cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk had the highest electrical conductivity, followed by those found in buffalo and cow milk. The collected goat, cow and buffalo milk samples showed negative stability at 68% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Acidity was found to increase proportionally with time. After 14 h, it was found that goat milk became thicker, but the curd had a very low consistency. Cow milk had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity followed by those found in goat milk and lowest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity was found in buffalo milk. The alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the cow milk. However, the difference in alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk and that of the buffalo milk was statistically non-significant. Alkaline phosphatase activity of buffalo milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the alkaline phosphatase activity in cow milk. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the goat milk has highest acidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension compared to that of cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk has lowest specific gravity, freezing point, proteolytic activity, lipase activity, RCT and HCT compared to cow and buffalo milk. Goat milk had highest refractive index compared to buffalo milk, whereas lowest refractive index compared to cow milk. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. The curd formed from goat milk after 14 h was having very weak consistency. The goat milk has higher alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to buffalo milk while it has lower alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to cow milk.

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the gross composition, nitrogen distribution, and selected mineral content in Surti goat milk, and its comparison was made between cow and buffalo milk. Materials and Methods: Goat milk samples of Surti breed and buffalo milk samples were collected during the period from July to January 2014 at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. Cow milk samples of Kankrej breed were collected from Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. Samples were analyzed for gross composition such as total solids (TS), fat, solid not fat (SNF), protein, lactose, and ash. Samples were also analyzed for nitrogen distribution such as total nitrogen (TN), non-casein nitrogen (NCN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), and selected minerals content such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and chloride. Total five replications were carried out. Results: Goat milk had the lowest TS, fat, protein, and lactose content among all three types of milk studied in the presentinvestigation. On the other hand, the highest TS, fat, protein, and lactose content were found in buffalo milk. Buffalo milk had the highest SNF, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous content, which was followed by goat milk and lowest in cow milk. The SNF, protein, TN, and calcium content of goat milk were statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the cow milk as well as buffalo milk. The goat milk had the highest ash and NCN content, which were followed by buffalo milk and lowest in cow milk. However,the differences in ash, NPN, and phosphorous content of three types of milk studied, viz., goat milk, cow milk, and buffalo milk were found statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the cow milk. The magnesium content of goat milk was statistically non-significant (p0.05) than that of the buffalo milk as well as cow milk. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the goat milk has lower TS, fat, lactose, protein content, TN aswell as NPN but higher ash and NCN content compared to cow milk and buffalo milk. The goat milk has lower calcium, phosphorous compared to buffalo milk while it has higher calcium, phosphorous compared to cow milk, and it has higher magnesium, chloride content compared to cow milk and buffalo milk.

An N-methylated analog of a marine bacteria-derived natural proline-rich tetracyclopeptide was synthesized by coupling the deprotected dipeptide fragments Boc-l-prolyl-l-N-methylleucine-OH and l-prolyl-l-N-methylphenylalanine-OMe. A coupling reaction was accomplished utilizing N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodidimde (DCC) and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC·HCl) as coupling agents and Triethylamine (TEA) or N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as the base in the presence of the racemization suppressing agent. This was followed by the cyclization of the linear tetrapeptide fragment under alkaline conditions. The structure of the synthesized cyclooligopeptide was confirmed using quantitative elemental analysis, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), 1H NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. From the bioactivity results, it was clear that the newly synthesized proline-rich tetracyclopeptide exhibited better anthelmintic potential against Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses, and Eudrilus eugeniae at a concentration of 2 mg/mL as well as improved antifungal activity against pathogenic dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii at a concentration of 6 μg/mL, as compared to non-methylated tetracyclopeptide. Moreover, N-methylated tetracyclopeptide displayed significant activity against pathogenic Candida albicans.

Introduction: The hospital market has today changed from a seller’s market to a buyers’ market, where the patient is all-important. One needs to understand the fact that patients do not flock to a hospital just because its services are cheap, but because of its good name and good image. Objective: To evaluate client satisfaction with the government approach in primary health care. Materials and Methods: Study design: Cross sectional study Sampling: Multistage sampling. Procedure: 1) The district was stratified into taluks 1 Primary Health Center and 1 Primary Health Unit or 1 Community Health Center (where there is a CHC) from each taluk was selected using random numbers. 2) Client satisfaction was determined by systematic random sampling of clients attending the basic health services Results: Client satisfaction in availability of service was above 90% in all services except in accident care where 30% were dissatisfied. Client satisfaction for facilities and equipments was good in all services except leprosy care and tuberculosis care where it was poor. Clients were mainly unhappy with the waiting time in all the services; in few services they expected speciality care like in child care and antenatal care. High risk care during delivery was not much appreciated. Other major problem was unavailability of the health care provider which led to dissatisfaction. Family planning services were graded excellent without any drawbacks. Except for few setbacks all the services had good satisfaction by majority of clients. Conclusion: Client satisfaction is good on a whole. Key words: Client satisfaction, primary health care, efficacy to treat, antenatal care, child care Key Message: The hospital market has today changed from a seller’s market to a buyers’ market, where the patient is all-important in that context we prioritize clients in primary health care too. Clients attending primary health care were mainly unhappy with the waiting time in all the services; in few services they expected speciality care as in child care and antenatal care. Other major problem was unavailability of the health care provider at night times which led to dissatisfaction. Family planning services were graded excellent by the clients.

Background: Infectious disease and malnutrition are common in children. Primary health care came into being to decrease the morbidity. Quality assessment is neither clinical research nor technology assessment. It is primarily an administrative device used to monitor performance to determine whether it continues to remain within acceptable bounds. Aims and Objectives: To assess the quality of service in the delivery of child health care in a primary health care setting. To evaluate client satisfaction. To assess utilization of facilities by the community. Materials and Methods: Study Type: Cross-sectional community-based study. Quality assessment was done by taking 30-50%, of the service provider. Client satisfaction was determined with 1 Immunization and child examination-90 clients each. Utilization of services was assessed among 478 households. Statistical Analysis: Proportions, Likert′s scale to grade the services and Chi-square. Results: Immunization service: Identification of needed vaccine, preparation and care was average. Vaccination technique, documentation, EPI education, maintenance of cold chain and supplies were excellent. Client satisfaction was good. Growth monitoring: It was excellent except for mother′s education andoutreach educational session . Acute respiratory tract infection care: History, physical examination, ARI education were poor. Classification, treatment and referral were excellent. Client satisfaction was good. Diarrheal disease care: History taking was excellent. But examination, classification, treatment, ORT education were poor. Conclusion: Mothers education was not stressed by service providers. Service providers′ knowledge do not go with the quality of service rendered. Physical examination of the child was not good. Except for immunization other services were average.

The Indian sea fish market is a dynamic and significant sector, contributing to both the domestic economy and the global seafood trade. This fish dataset is specifically curated for machine learning applications in the Indian seafood industry. It includes a comprehensive collection of images representing eight commercially significant fish species native to Indian waters, comprising a total of 8488 images. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for developing and refining machine learning models in the domain. It focuses on the eight most widely consumed fish species in India: Pomfret (scientific name: Pampus argeneus, local name: Paplet), Mackerel (scientific name: Scomber scombrus, local name: Bangda), Black Snapper (scientific name: Apsilus dentatus, local name: Tilapia), Indian Carp (scientific name: Cyprinus carpio, local name: Rohu), Prawn (scientific name: Dendrobranchiata, local name: Kolambi), Pink Perch (scientific name: Zalembius rosaceus, local name: Rani Fish), Indian flathead (scientific name: Lates calcarifer, local name: Bhetki Fish) and Black Pomfret (scientific name: Parastromateus niger, local name: Black Paplet). Article details the data acquisition process, and metadata structure, ensuring accessibility and usability for researchers and industry professionals. This resource facilitates the development of machine learning models for tasks such as species identification within the Indian seafood industry.

Background: Asthma significantly impacts global health, necessitating effective management strategies. A combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) is recommended for patients with inadequately controlled asthma. Method: This prospective, open-label, multicenter study (PROMISING-SHIFT) study evaluated the safety and efficacy of once-daily Indacaterol/Mometasone (IND/MF) dry powder inhaler (DPI) in Indian asthma patients (≥12 years), inadequately controlled with prior therapies. Patients received IND/MF DPI in three strengths (150/80 mcg, 150/160 mcg, 150/320 mcg) over 12 weeks. Results: The study included a total of 174 participants, and 27 adverse events (AEs) in 25 patients (14.37%) were reported, primarily mild to moderate, with no serious adverse events (SAEs). Drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were observed in 11 patients. Significant improvements were noted in the mean trough FEV1 and FVC, increasing from baseline to week 4 and week 12 (p < 0.001). The mean ACQ-5 score significantly decreased from 3.0 ± 0.73 baseline to 2.50 ± 0.53 (16.67%) at week 4 and further to 1.73 ± 0.35 at week 12, along with reduced exacerbations (p < 0.001). The need for rescue medication declined from 13.79% to 8.62%, and 96.55% of patients reported treatment satisfaction by study completion. Conclusion: Once-daily IND/MF DPI demonstrated a favorable safety profile with marked improvements in lung function, asthma control, and patient satisfaction, making it a promising option for long-term asthma management in Indian patients.

Background: Malaria remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality due to inability of the insecticide and chemotherapeutic agents to eliminate the vector and the agent of the disease. The present study is aimed to study the clinical profile, laboratory profile, species identification and line of treatment of the patients as per the species. Material & Methods: Present study was conducted on 100 confirmed cases of Malaria admitted in Medicine department of Sanjeevan super-specialty hospital, Satara, Maharashtra. All patients were interviewed followed by clinical examination and relevant investigations. Data was entered in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using EPI-5. Results: There was male preponderance in my study and incidence was more (84%) in middle age 16-50 years. 100% cases showed fever as the major symptom followed by nausea (36%), vomiting (36%), headache (22%). Anemia is common (56%) followed by thrombocytopenia (30%). Spleen was palpable in 50% patients. Hyperbilirubinemia was 28% in my study predominantly of conjugated variety. 72% cases were P. falciparum, 22 % were p. vivax and 6 % were mixed. In the diagnosis, QBC was found to be more sensitive 98% than PBS 78%. for uncomplicated vivax malaria Tab chloroquine showed 60% sensitivity, tab artemether + lumefantrine showed 75% sensitivity, those who were not responding were added with quinine, doxycycline. In falciparum inj. artesunate76 % was more sensitive than quinine 69%. Artemether showed 57% response in falciparum in my study. Conclusion: Incidence of malaria was more in males than females due to their outdoor stay, travelling and more expose part of the body. Splenomegaly is the most common elicitable sign. Anemia, thrombocytopenia are found in falciparum malaria. Multidrug therapy like artemisinin combination therapy has more response in complicated and non-responding cases.

Background Although coffee consumption is often reported as a trigger for atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with paroxysmal AF, prospective studies on the relation of coffee consumption with AF risk have been inconsistent. Hence, we sought to assess the association between coffee consumption and risk of AF in men. Methods and Results We prospectively studied men who participated in the Physicians’ Health Study (N=18 960). Coffee consumption was assessed through self‐reported food frequency questionnaires. The incidence of AF was assessed through annual questionnaires and validated through review of medical records in a subsample. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs of AF. The average age was 66.1 years. A total of 2098 new cases of AF occurred during a mean follow‐up of 9 years. Hazard ratios (95% CI) of AF were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.71‐1.02), 1.07 (0.88‐1.30), 0.93 (0.74‐1.17), 0.85 (0.74‐0.98), 0.86 (0.76‐0.97), and 0.96 (0.80‐1.14) for coffee consumption of rarely/never, ≤1 cup/week, 2 to 4 cups/week, 5 to 6 cups/week, 1 cup/day, 2 to 3 cups/day, and 4+ cups/day, respectively; adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise (P for nonlinear trend=0.01). In a secondary analysis the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of AF per standard deviation (149‐mg) change in caffeine intake was 0.97 (0.92‐1.02). Conclusions Our data suggest a lower risk of AF among men who reported coffee consumption of 1 to 3 cups/day.

Aim: The study was undertaken: 1) To assess salivary glucose (SaG) levels in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects and to determine if saliva could be used as a noninvasive tool to diagnose and monitor Type II diabetes mellitus. 2) Correlation of SaG levels with serum glucose (SeG) levels in nondiabetic and diabetic patients. 3) To correlate the oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus with serum and SaG levels. Material and Methods: Both fasting and postprandial serum and SaG levels were analyzed from 70 Type II diabetic and 70 nondiabetic subjects. The detailed examination of oral cavity in relation to periodontal and dental status and subjective oral complaints were recorded. The obtained values were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean fasting salivary glucose (FSaG) was 5.469 + 2.347 mg/dL and 7.634 + 4.468 mg/dL in nondiabetic and diabetics, respectively (P = 0.000) and postprandial salivary glucose (PSaG) was 6.434 + 2.111 mg/dL and 8.736 + 4.962 mg/dL in nondiabetic and diabetics, respectively (P = 0.000). The positive correlation was found between SeG levels and SaG in diabetics (P = 0.000). Strong positive correlation was observed between SeG and SaG with oral manifestations in Type II diabetic patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Saliva can be a useful tool in regular monitoring of “already diagnosed Type II diabetics” (by their SeG levels) rather than diagnosing subjects with “unknown status of diabetes mellitus.” Strong positive correlation exists between SeG level and SaG level with oral manifestations in Type II diabetic patients.

Aims and Objectives: Certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been shown to be etiologically related to the development of uterine, cervical, and other genital cancers, but their role in the development of malignancies at other sites is less well established. Previous studies have shown HPV in tumors of the head and neck, but its prevalence has varied depending on the detection methods and the types of tumor and/or tissue examined. This study was undertaken for the detection of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients histologically diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 apparently normal persons as controls were selected for the present study. Two biopsy specimens were removed surgically by incision biopsy for histopathological examination and polymerized chain reaction (PCR) study. Results: Out of 25 oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects, 8 were found to be HPV positive in PCR. Out of these eight subjects, four had HPV 16 and the other four had other genotypes, and one subject was HIV positive. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the present study was that well-defined risk factors like HPV may play a prominent role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas, in addition to other risk factors. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to arrive at conclusions and to explore the relationship of HPV and HIV in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Most newborns in NICU would be on respiratory support either on invasive or non-invasive ventilation and it is difficult to measure anthropometries like weight, length and head circumference in these sick newborns. This study was aimed to determine the correlation of foot length of a newborn with occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC), crown-heel length (CHL) and weight of the newborn. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research center, Vijayapura. The foot length, occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) and crown-heel length (CHL) of neonates of gestational ages 28-42 weeks were measured between 12 hours and 7 days of life. Results: Among 350 neonates enrolled, 61% of babies were preterm and 39% were term babies. In premature babies, the correlation between foot length and birth weight (r=0.90) and foot length and length (r=0.89) was pronounced. A positive linear correlation was observed between foot length and weight in babies of all gestational ages. For the identification of LBW babies (

Loperamide is over-the-counter antidiarrheal agent acting on peripherally located μ opioid receptors. It is gaining popularity among drug abusers as opioid substitute. We report a case of a 46-year-old male that was presented after cardiac arrest. After ruling out ischemia, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism, central nervous system pathology, sepsis, and other drug toxicity, we found out that patient was using around 100 mg of Loperamide to control his chronic diarrhea presumably because of irritable bowel syndrome for last five years and consumed up to 200 mg of Loperamide daily for last two days before the cardiac arrest. We hypothesize that the patient’s QTc prolongation and subsequent cardiac arrest are due to Loperamide toxicity. Patient experienced gradual resolution of tachyarrhythmia and gradual decrease in QTc interval during hospitalization which supports the evidence of causal relationship between Loperamide overdose and potentially fatal arrhythmias. It also provided the clue that patient may have congenital long QT syndrome which was unmasked by Loperamide causing ventricular arrhythmias. This case adds one more pearl in the literature to support that Loperamide overdose related cardiac toxicity does exist and it raises concerns over Loperamide abuse in the community.

The study provides simple protocol for identifying unknown genes (DNA and RNA) and proteins present in the plants. The exact mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis from plant extracts is still unclear. Although functionalization of nanoparticle has been achieved by binding biomolecules and stabilizing through exchange of ligands and electrostatic interactions. This study will help in case of difficulty in extraction of proteins and DNA from nanoparticles due to less sample collection or degradation of active biomolecules. Plant extracts holds various biomolecules and can be used to presume the basic formulae of plant proteins by using software. The presence of DNA traces on silver nanoparticles confirmed and DNA sequence was extracted from NCBI gene bank. Homology modeling is an alternative method to predict 3D structure of proteins in the absence of experimental results. DNA gel electrophoresis and quantification of biomolecules and 3D protein structures have built from known sequences of conforming family members of protein using SWISS-MODEL. A major advantage of automated homology modeling is creating protein models that are easy to design the structure. Protein sequencing is continuously evolving nowadays. Experts are improving SWISS-MODEL to enhance the efficient transition. The study will help in easy and rapid identification of genes and proteins present on the surface of biological nanoparticles. Structural analysis of protein (proteomics) helps to identify novel functions that could facilitate designing of efficient biosensors.