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Abstract. Domestic Violence (DV) in the congregation is an unexpected event, but it still happens. This study aimed to examine the implementation of pastoral counseling in the congregation of the Evangelical Christian Church in Timor (GMIT) Maranatha Oebufu in Kupang City Classis, so that the congregation council can improve pastoral services for victims and perpetrators. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a narrative approach. The result of the study indicates that pastoral counseling activities by the church for congregations experiencing domestic violence are ineffective because they only reach understanding and are not continued with pastoral actions needed by victims and perpetrators. Abstrak. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) dalam jemaat merupakan peristiwa yang tidak diharapkan, namun tetap terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pelaksanaan konseling pastoral pada jemaat Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (GMIT) Maranatha Oebufu di Klasis Kota Kupang, agar majelis jemaat dapat menyempurnakan pelayanan pastoral bagi korban dan pelaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan konseling pastoral oleh gereja terhadap jemaat yang mengalami KDRT kurang efektif karena hanya sampai pada pemahaman dan tidak dilanjutkan dengan aksi pastoral yang dibutuhkan oleh korban maupun pelaku.

Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility of transvaginal posterior levatorplasty combined with perineoplasty (TPLP) for women with primary stress urinary incontinence and demonstrate the surgical technique with step-by-step procedures. Methods A prospective, non-randomised study was conducted using technique of TPLP to treat female primary SUI from January 2019 to December 2021. Patient follow-up was performed at 3 and 12 months posteroperatively. A series of validated questionnaires were used to evaluate the improvement of symptom severity, sexual function and quality of life. In addition, 4-D ultrasonography was used to measure the anatomic changes of pelvic structures. Results A total of 47 patients were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 43.6 years. Mean operative time was 78.7 min. Median estimated intraoperative blood loss was 80.2 ml. Objective cure and subjective cure rates were 87.2% and 91.5%, respectively. Compared with baseline, scores of quality of life, symptom severity and sexual function improved after surgery. Meanwhile, mobility of the urethra and bladder neck and areas of levator hiatus were decreased after surgery. Mild coitus pain was reported in 15.4% (6/39) patients at the initial several times of intercourse after resuming sexual activity. Conclusions This study shows that transvaginal posterior levatorplasty combined with perineoplasty appears to be an effective surgical method for selected women with primary stress urinary incontinence.

The article examines the peculiarities of objectification of the universal opposition «man – woman» in the German language based on lexicographic sources from different chronological periods. German language is interesting for studying this opposition because of its expanded nature, which is particularly evident within the «woman» component: «Mann – Frau / Weib». The analysis of interpretations of the concepts «man» and «woman» in German dictionaries reveals the processes of gender stereotyping reflected in them during different periods of language development. This allows us to understand the development of ideas about these concepts in a specific linguistic culture. The leading characteristics of men and women, as reflected in the semantics of key lexemes such as Mann, Frau and Weib, as well as adjectives derived from these words, are determined. Their cultural and historical context is explored. It is found that during the XVIII and XIX centuries, the concepts of «man» and «woman» consistently reflected the processes of gender stereotyping. However, gender stereotypes regarding women were more varied and complex. Starting in the XX century and especially in the XXI century, stereotypes have been presented to a lesser degree, with a noted neutralization of social oppositions within the considered opposition. It is observed that the opposition between man and woman in German initially had a dual nature, both socially and naturally. It is concluded that at present, in lexicographic sources, naturally oriented traits are the leading features of objectification in the «man-woman» opposition. The issue of the level of accuracy with which different concepts are reflected in explanatory dictionaries of the German language has been identified.

Abstract Background Intensive lifestyle interventions were effective to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history. However, reaching these mothers and maintaining participation in lifestyle interventions is suboptimal in real-world settings. Effective, feasible and sustainable new lifestyle interventions are needed. The objectives of this three-arm trial are to (1) compare diabetes risk outcomes of an evidence-based intensive lifestyle modification (ILSM) intervention, a camp-style lifestyle modification program (CAMP) intervention, and usual care among women with GDM history; and (2) evaluate the comparative efficacy of the CAMP versus ILSM intervention on implementation outcomes. Methods A three-arm cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) using a hybrid type 2 implementation design will be conducted in two counties in Hunan province in China. Six towns from each county will be randomly selected and assigned to CAMP, ILSM, and the usual care group (25 women from each of 12 towns, 100 women in each arm). The ILSM includes six biweekly in-person sessions and 3-month telephone health consultations, while the CAMP consists of a 2-day camp-based session and 3-month health consultations via a popular social media platform. Both interventions share the same session content, including six lifestyle skills. Efficacy (T2DM risk score and behavioral, anthropometric, psychosocial, and glycemic variables) and implementation outcomes (recruitment, acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and cost-effectiveness) will be collected at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month. Pre-planned ANOVA F-test and generalized estimating equations will be included to test time-by-arm interactions. Discussion The CAMP intervention is expected to have better reach, better attendance, and comparable effectiveness in reducing the risk of T2DM, thus improving postpartum care for GDM in China. The delivery of a concentrated format supplemented with technology-based support may provide an efficient and effective delivery model for implementing maternal health promotion programs in primary care settings. Trial registration Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200058150) on 31st March 2022.

This study explores the multifaceted roles of women during the Spanish Civil War, examining the diverse perspectives delineated in academic literature. Leveraging scholarly articles sourced from Web of Science and Scopus spanning from 2013 to 2022, we analyse temporal trends, author demographics, scholarly impact, journal prominence, and thematic content. Our investigation culminates in the classification of contributions into six overarching themes: humanitarian aid and healthcare, biographical narratives, communication dynamics, experiences of exile and refugee communities, women’s mobilisation and ideological engagement, and the harrowing realities of repression and violence inflicted upon women. Furthermore, our findings reveal that research predominantly originates from Spain and is disseminated through Spanish-language journals. However, there exists a notable interconnection with the United States, evidenced by the participation of prominent North American authors and publication in non-Spanish journals. This research offers insights into the multifaceted roles of women during the Spanish Civil War and their academic representation.

Abstract Background Sex differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are not well investigated after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in football players. The aim was to study sex differences in player-related factors, ACL injury characteristics and PROs after primary ACL reconstruction in football players. Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study a survey was sent to 390 male and 403 female football players who were injured when playing football and had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction in the previous 1–3 years. Player-related factors, ACL injury characteristics, and PROs covering knee function, satisfaction with activity level and knee function, and readiness to return to sport were compared between male and females. The questionnaires International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC-SKF), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), ACL-Quality of Life (ACL-QoL) and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) were used. Results Ninety males (23%) and 283 (70%) females answered the survey, 65 males and 198 females fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Males had returned to football to a higher degree (77% vs 59%, p = 0.008) at any time after ACL reconstruction, but at the time of the survey, an equal number of males and females played football (55% vs 47%, p = 0.239) and had similar activity level according to the Tegner Activity Score (median, 9; interquartile range [IQR], 7, vs median, 8; IQR, 7; p = 0.740). Males were more satisfied with their knee function and activity level and rated higher scores in the IKDC-SKF (mean ± standard deviation, 83 ± 16 vs 76 ± 16, p = 0.006), KOOS Sport/Recreation (79 ± 19 vs 72 ± 22, p = 0.034), KOOS Quality of Life (73 ± 22 vs 64 ± 20, p = 0.008), ACL-QoL (7.6 ± 2 vs 6.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.008), and ACL-RSI (6.7 ± 2.1 vs 5.5 ± 2.3, p

Metaphor is a symbolic and indirect language that conveys concealed and supplementarymeanings. Interpretive narratives may also exhibit gender metaphors and stereotypes. Thework is founded on the interpretive accounts of three Persian interpretations of Rowz al-Jannan, Jala al-Azhan, and Manhaj al-Sadeghin in this research. This article has selectednarratives that have employed gender metaphors or whose content is reminiscent of gendermetaphors. Subsequently, the qualitative content analysis method has been employed toinvestigate the value of these metaphors and their correlation with gender stereotypes.Examples of gender metaphors in these narratives include “bed,” “Boyut,” “Atbah,” and“Denya.” While some of these metaphors have a positive connotation, others have a negativeconnotation. The most significant findings of this research are that the majority of negativemetaphors about women are based on the role of a woman as a wife or sexual companion,which emphasizes her physical appearance. These metaphors are influenced by prevalentgender stereotypes that are detrimental. On the contrary, the majority of positive metaphorsare centered on the role of the mother and the qualities of kindness, creation, origin, andcommencement that are associated with the mother. In addition, this research demonstratesthat the female body is depicted in two distinct ways: the “heavenly body” and the “infernalbody.” The female heavenly body is a symbol of complete delight and benefit, while thefemale infernal body is a symbol of deception, sin, Satan, and adultery.

Abstract Background Breast and cervical cancer are the most common cancers in women, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cancer screening can facilitate early diagnosis, reduce mortality, and ease the burden of cancer. Social support and self-efficacy are strongly associated with cancer screening behavior. The present study aimed to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on social support and cancer screening behavior. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study conducted from June to October 2023, 312 women aged 35–65 years were recruited from the East Coast area of China. A general information questionnaire, cancer screening behavior questionnaire, social support scale and self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of participants; one-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in the measured variables; and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to describe the relationship among social support, self-efficacy, and cancer screening behavior. A mediation model was constructed and analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results The mean (standard deviation) screening behavior score for breast cancer and cervical cancer was 3.98 (2.79), representing an intermediate level. Self-efficacy was closely related to social support and cancer screening behavior. Social support showed a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.37, p

The subject of research and analysis in this paper is how the female body was represented in the novel The Bridge written by Jasmina Musabegović. The novel The Bridge was published in 1994. and represents a kind of sequel to the novel Switches from 1986 and a connection with the novel Women. The voice from 2005. Metaphorically and literally this novel represents the connection between the two novels, in fact, a transitional narrative about the maturation and growing up of the main protagonist who, during her stay in a sanatorium, realizes changes in her own body and enters puberty and becomes the body of a women. At the same time, there is a process of identification with the mother and other women who play an important role in the life of the storyteller and who represent a connection during transitions from one stage of life to another. The body as a place in on which meanings are inscribed, becomes the reason for external and internal changes through which the girl who narrates experiences. Because of the sick body, she went to the sanatorium, the biological maturation of the body causes understanding and identification with the mother and sisters, only to remember performative repetition and observation of movements towards and over the bridge, rhythmic combing, and similar body repetitive gestures felt a closeness, understanding, and existence of transgenerational patterns that are transmitted along the female line in the family. This paper brings an analysis and interpretation of those elements in which the female body is represented as one of the primary determinants for self-identification and gender belonging. The theoretical starting point for the analyses of various aspects of the body in this novel is contemporary feminist research based on Elizabeth Grosz's study Volatile Bodies. Special attention will be paid to how a particular image of the human body is formed, as well as the factors that have a direct impact on it.

In this study, we examined the types of social minorities represented in South Korean high school Society and Culture textbooks since the democratization of South Korea and how their portrayals have changed. Throughout the curriculum period, women were the most frequently mentioned social minority groups, whereas sexual minorities were rarely discussed. The manner in which ethnic minorities are described has changed mostly in response to multicultural changes within Korean society, and people with disabilities have usually been mentioned only at an abstract level. Since the democratization of Korea, various social minority groups have developed rights movements and have struggled for their recognition by various parts of society, however, the voices of change have not been faithfully reflected in textbooks. In response to the Korean government’s policy trends of reducing the amount of learning, the content of social minorities has decreased, and social changes have not been fully captured. This finding somewhat differs from the expectations that the inclusion of ‘social minorities’ as a topic of study in the curriculum would improve the representation of the voices of various social minorities.

Introduction: The development of anatomy can be contributed to in various ways. Throughout history, anatomy has essentially been governed by men. Little is said about the women without whom the teaching of anatomy would not have been possible - women who donated their bodies so that others could learn from them – women donors. Aims: This study aims to analyse the donor base, focusing on women donors who joined the Conscious Body Donation Programme at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice and declared donation of their bodies for scientific and teaching purposes. The principles of the Conscious Body Donation Programme in Poland are also discussed using the example of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, which initiated the programme in 2003. Materials and methods: The analysis covered the donors database maintained at the Medical University of Silesia from 2000 till now. The study included such aspects as the number of declarations made, gender, age of donors, number of resignations from the body donation program, and the number of withdrawals by the university from accepting a donor's body. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Among 2091 donors, 53.12 % were female (n = 1589) and 46.88 % were male (n = 1402). The number of declarations has been steadily increasing since 2000. Analysing the number of declarations made by women - the highest number of declarations was made in 2009 (n = 112), 2017 (n = 191), and 2023 (n = 123 declarations). The average age at which women made declarations was 63.12 ± 13.82 years. The mean age of death was 78 ± 10.48 years with the mean age of death of all donors being 75.7 ± 10.81 years. The minimum age of declaration was 18 years, the maximum was 98 years. When analysing the age ranges in which pledges were made, women were most likely to pledge between 60 and 70 years of age (525 declarations). By 2024, 51 women had resigned from becoming donors. The average age of resignation is 63.75 ± 13.52 years. The minimum age of resignation was 26 years and the maximum was 87 years. Conclusions: Currently, medical knowledge is growing rapidly. The nobility of donors, including female donors, who choose to donate their bodies for scientific and teaching purposes, reaches far beyond the grave. Such women live on forever remembered by students and then by doctors, physiotherapists, nurses and midwives in a variety of working circumstances often saving human lives, because no teaching aid can illustrate the human body as perfectly as the human body.

Introduction Pregnancy and childbirth have historically been considered, both in collective imagination and cultural transmission, as situations that threaten maternal and fetal survival. Purpose This study aims to understand the experiences of women who underwent Caesarean sections at Isiro General Reference Hospital, in relation to their pregnancies and labour, in order to inform precautions for future cases. Methods This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The population consists of women who underwent Caesarean sections in the gynecology-obstetrics department of Isiro General Reference Hospital. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Results For most women in the town of Isiro, pregnancy and childbirth are perceived as difficult and painful experiences. They reported discomfort and embarrassment, describing a variety of symptoms that were often mild: various pains, eating and digestion disorders, headaches, shortness of breath, dizziness, etc. In addition, the expectant mothers often felt vulnerable. Conclusion The conception of a child triggers a significant emotional upheaval in women, with psychological and physiological changes, particularly hormonal. These should not obscure the psychological challenges involved. Pregnancy and childbirth represent a period of identity crisis and psychological maturation for the woman transitioning into motherhood.

The subject. The article analyzes the individual consciousness of a woman, which allows her to adapt to the surrounding social reality and to integrate into its structure.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that pathological features are not decisive in the criminal behavior of a sane woman, including those with mental abnormalities. They act in conjunction with the social content of her consciousness.The methods of the sciences of criminology, criminal law, penal enforcement law, sociology, psychiatry, legal psychology and jurisprudence were used.Main results. Her consciousness is not an externally introduced element of social nature, it is intrinsic to her as a way of her existence, it is the result of her own social existence. The level of consciousness of a woman is adequate to the richness of her social activity, thus, consciousness is, first of all, individual in nature. Whereas the individual consciousness of a woman is significantly influenced by the surrounding people, the experience of previous eras and generations.Conclusions. Consciously volitional potencies are given to a woman from birth. The study of mental processes of personality is necessary for law enforcement officials representatives of the judicial system to logically and correctly censor the testimony of a woman a criminal, because without knowledge of the general laws of the course of mental processes, it is impossible to assess the specificity of behavior, formed under certain external or internal influences. It is noted that their development depends on the woman herself, her interaction with the surrounding world, which confirms the special influence of social factors on the criminal behavior of women with mental anomalies.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study using the Kaplan-Meier method with propensity-score matching. Purpose To evaluate whether the presence of prevalent morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) poses a risk for subsequent clinical VFs after short-fusion surgery in women aged ≥60 years with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Overview of Literature VFs are common osteoporotic fractures and are associated with a low quality of life. Subsequent VFs are a complication of instrumented fusion in patients with degenerative lumbar disorders. Thus, risk factors for subsequent VFs after fusion surgery must be analyzed. Population-based studies have suggested that prevalent morphometric VFs led to a higher incidence of subsequent VFs in postmenopausal women; however, no studies have investigated whether prevalent morphometric VFs are a risk factor for subsequent VFs after fusion surgery in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods The study enrolled a total of 237 older female patients: 50 and 187 patients had prevalent morphometric VFs (VF [+] group) and nonprevalent morphometric VFs (VF [−] group), respectively. The time to subsequent clinical VFs after fusion surgery was compared between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, 40 and 80 patients in the VF (+) and VF (−) groups, respectively, were analyzed and matched by propensity scores for age, follow-up duration, surgical procedure, number of fused segments, body mass index, and number of patients treated for osteoporosis. Results Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the VF (+) group had a higher incidence of subsequent clinical VFs than the VF (−) group, and Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of prevalent morphometric VFs was an independent risk factor for subsequent clinical VFs before matching. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated comparable results after matching. Conclusions The presence of prevalent morphometric VFs may be a risk factor for subsequent clinical VFs in older women with degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent short-fusion surgery.

Household consumption pattern has been used as an indicator for measuring the level of household welfare in Indonesia. The availability of labor in formal or informal sector is needed by the society to fulfill household needs. This is especially the case with informal sector that still dominates higher in Indonesia because this sector is a widely open alternative for the society in Indonesia. However, it often overlooked that the welfare of these jobs affects the transmission mechanism of intra-household job allocation, including women workers. This study analyzes women’s labor participation in the formal and informal sectors on household welfare on Sumatra Island. The method of this research is based on analysis of the data of Indonesia family Survey (IFL 5) in 2014. This data provided by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics or Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) offers a longitudinal on household in Indonesia. This research use sample of 2.610 household The data is analysed using Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) through variable instruments (IV). The results show that women household heads who work in the informal sector have a higher welfare than the formal sector and women household heads who are widowed tend to have low welfare. The regional government is expected to be able to maximize human development policies to reduce the gaps of household welfare based on gender, especially for women.

Ibn Junaid Eskafi is one of the great Shiite scholars of the 4th century, whose books have not reached us, but some of his views have been quoted in jurisprudence books. Allameh Helii brought up a sentence of his about the clothing of men and women and he himself added an explanation to it, which has been misunderstood; To the extent that some non-experts have stated that Ibn Junayd considers the extent of obligatory covering for men and women to be equal in front of others! In this article, by an analytical method and by referring to the quoted sayings of Ibn Junayd, it becomes clear that such an understanding of Ibn Junayd's words was due to unfamiliarity with specialized jurisprudential texts, and Ibn Junayd did not believe in such a view not only regarding the women's veils in front of non-incest, but even in the "Prayer Veil"; Rather, the only difference between his opinion and others regarding women's veil is that he does not consider it obligatory to cover women's head during prayer, with the condition that non- incest does not see during prayer. Also, by carefully examining the above-mentioned quotes from him by Allameh Helii and others, it becomes clear that Ibn Junaid's sentence, which has been misunderstood, was only referring to the meaning of the word ``Awrat'', and if there is any ruling from it, it is the general ruling of veiling, which is also Both men and women are obliged to observe it in front of everyone (that is, even in front of their own sex and in front of incest); And his fatwa in this context is the same as the fatwa of the general Shia jurists.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas that engage the embryonal skeletal muscle cells as the female reproductive tract. Embryonal RMS (ERMS) is the most prevalent subtype of RMS in the female genital tract. Botryoid RMS is a rapidly growing rare malignancy and a polypoid variant of ERMS that occurs in childhood and constituting approximately 3% of all RMSs among young children and 1% among adolescents and young adults. A 50 year old menopause woman who had been vaginal discharge and bleeding for about 2 years without dysuria, dyspareunia, or postcuital bleeding was informed consent for presenting. A vaginal examination, pathology examination, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemistry, surgery and radical hysterectomy, radiation therapy, and two sessions of brachytherapy were performed. After 22 months of follow-up, the patient had no evidence of recurrence or any problem in sexual activity. Oncological surgical treatment based on the carcinoma site and adjuvant chemotherapy is helpful for the treatment of RMS. However, applying the standard treatment guidelines is essential, although it is very scarce and difficult.

The Relationship Between Women's Anxiety and Hygiene Habits in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background Rape, as an adverse incidence, leads to irreparable complications and consequences in women. Provision of health services to women survivors of rape requires catering for their real needs and identifying current deficits as well as barriers. The present study aimed to explore health system-related needs in women survivors of rape. Methods In the present qualitative study, the participants consisted of 39 individuals, including 19 women survivors of rape and 20 individuals with work experience in providing services to women survivors of rape. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method with a maximum variation in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth interviews as well as field notes and were concurrently analyzed via conventional qualitative content analysis method. Results After analyzing the interviews, the health system-related needs of women survivors of rape were classified into two main categories: 1- The need for efficient medical care services with three sub-categories, namely “receiving services with respect for privacy and confidentiality”, “non-judgmental behavior and approach”, and “the need to receive empathy and the feeling of not being alone”, and 2- The need for desirable conditions and structure to provide services with two sub-categories, namely “the need to receive comprehensive and integrated services”, and “establishing specialized centers for providing services to survivors”. Conclusions Overall, explaining and highlighting the health system-related needs of women survivors of rape could provide a suitable basis for policy-making and planning according to their real needs. Receiving continuous services in separate centers with confidentiality and empathy could reduce the worries and concerns of women survivors of rape and help improve their health.

Indonesia comprises various ethnic cultures, which has its own uniqueness. One element of culture is a livelihood system. The Minangkabau ethnic community has a uniqueness that is represented by the tradition of migrating and the livelihood system of trading. Migrants were initially only carried out by men but later were also joined by women. Many Minangkabau women migrants are successful in their overseas and trading businesses. This prompted this research to be carried out with the title Minangkabau Woman Creativepreneurship. This paper applies qualitative approach, with ethnographic research methods and an anthropolinguistic paradigm. The informants in this research were 10 Minangkabau women who were creative in running their businesses. The location of this research is Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. This research found 7 (seven) Minangkabau Woman Creativepreneurship values, namely: (1) religiosity, (2) hard work, (3) discipline, (4) honesty, (5) never giving up, (6) thriftiness, and (7) creativity. These values were internalized from the teachings of the Minangkabau adat. It is deemed that cultural values are represented in and internalized from language in the form of adages, forming attitudes, character, ethos and ethics and behavior, leading to their success. These findings are relevant to the current state of unemployment rates and in motivating local cultural education in the education system.

Sri Lanka is a small-scale industry in the Global South. The hegemonic patriarchy of the industry, accelerated by various industrial, socio-political, and cultural matters directly affects the representation of women’s cinema in the country. This study aims to look at the female representation throughout the entire evolution of Sri Lankan women’s cinema and the state of their filmmaking practices, which is a rare study area. Further, the examination of the historical context and current trends of this paper will further seek to provide insights into the future development of the representation of women in Sri Lankan cinema.

BackgroundMigraine is a highly underestimated and burdensome disease. Real-world studies evidence that migraine is more frequent and severe in women than men. However, to this day, no diagnostic-therapeutic pathways exist to satisfy the specific needs of female patients.MethodsIn this study, migraine experts, specialists in women’s health, patient, and decision makers, analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic options for women with migraine across various ages and health conditions within the Italian healthcare system. A Delphi approach was used to formulate statements and achieve a consensus.ResultsGaps in clinical practice were identified, and strategies to accommodate women’s needs were proposed. The experts agreed that a socio-behavioral intervention should be planned before any pharmacological treatment in pediatric/adolescent female patients and that the assessment of migraine with aura is considered crucial for adult women requiring contraceptive therapy. Acupuncture emerged as an effective treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women, and hormone-replacement therapy selection in menopausal patients requires careful consideration to mitigate safety risks. The experts highlighted the absence of literature and guidelines for the management of migraine in women undergoing assisted reproductive procedures or oncological treatment. In light of these observations, the experts advocated the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborations between neurologists/headache specialists and other healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, and oncologists. Comprehensive migraine education for all healthcare professionals potentially involved in managing the disease, including pharmacists, was emphasized. Efforts to increase migraine awareness among women should be prioritized.ConclusionThe insights gained from this Italian consensus study should serve to develop an improved, female-specific pathway to diagnose and treat migraine.

IntroductionObesity aligned with quadriceps muscle weakness contributes to the high incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which is prevalent in women. Although molecular signatures of KOA have been suggested, the association between biopsychosocial responses and the plasma metabolomic profile in overweight/ obese women with KOA remains in its early stages of investigation. This study aims to associate the plasma metabolome with biopsychosocial parameters of overweight/obese women diagnosed with KOA.MethodsTwenty-eight overweight/obese women (Control-n = 14; KOA-n = 14) underwent two visits to the laboratory. Functional tests and questionnaires assessing biopsychosocial parameters were administered during the first visit. After 48 h, the participants returned to the laboratory for blood collection. Specific to the KOA condition, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were appliedResultsThirteen molecules were different between groups, and four correlated with KOA’s biopsychosocial parameters. DG 22:4-2OH and gamma-Glutamylvaline were inversely associated with KOSS leisure and TSK score, respectively. LysoPE 18:0 and LysoPE 20:5 were positively associated with KOSS symptoms and TSK score, respectively.DiscussionWhile the correlations of LysoPE 18:0 and gamma-Glutamylvaline are supported by existing literature, this is not the case for DG 22:4-2OH and LysoPE 20:5. Further studies are recommended to better elucidate these correlations before dismissing their potential involvement in the biopsychosocial factors of the disease.

Penglipuran Village is a popular destination for tourists seeking to experience the essence of Bali. Known for its environmentally friendly settlement, Penglipuran is distinguished by its orderly and symmetrical buildings, each with a uniform main gate called Angkul-Angkul. The community places great value on upholding the honor of women in Bali. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential scenarios that could empower women in the tourism industry and determine the sensitivity of scenarios that drive tourism sustainability in Penglipuran Village. This was achieved using the SMIC-Prob Expert model. The analysis identified three main priority scenarios: (1) working as usual, (2) improving side businesses, and (3) changing the profession. The results indicate that the scenario combination with the highest probability is "110," with an opportunity size of 0.138. This combination, where women continue to work as usual (PrimJob) and focus on the improvement of side businesses (SidePrim), is the best option for women tourism actors to support the sustainability of tourism in Penglipuran Village. Sensitivity analysis, measured by elasticity, identifies SidePrim as the "prime mover" or main driver of tourism sustainability. By implementing improvements in side businesses, women’s involvement in tourism can significantly contribute to achieving future goals alongside stakeholders and the government.

Penglipuran Village is a popular destination for tourists seeking to experience the essence of Bali. Known for its environmentally friendly settlement, Penglipuran is distinguished by its orderly and symmetrical buildings, each with a uniform main gate called Angkul-Angkul. The community places great value on upholding the honor of women in Bali. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential scenarios that could empower women in the tourism industry and determine the sensitivity of scenarios that drive tourism sustainability in Penglipuran Village. This was achieved using the SMIC-Prob Expert model. The analysis identified three main priority scenarios: (1) working as usual, (2) improving side businesses, and (3) changing the profession. The results indicate that the scenario combination with the highest probability is "110," with an opportunity size of 0.138. This combination, where women continue to work as usual (PrimJob) and focus on the improvement of side businesses (SidePrim), is the best option for women tourism actors to support the sustainability of tourism in Penglipuran Village. Sensitivity analysis, measured by elasticity, identifies SidePrim as the "prime mover" or main driver of tourism sustainability. By implementing improvements in side businesses, women’s involvement in tourism can significantly contribute to achieving future goals alongside stakeholders and the government.

In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and self-perception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel.The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage.With a path coefficient of -0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage, with a path coefficient of -0.379 and a t-value of 3.245. Among the dimensions of spirituality, spiritual needs emerge as the most influential, while among the dimensions of self-perception, social skills are identified as the most significant.‌Spirituality, Self-Concept, Type of Clothing, Religion, Woman ‌‌IntroductionThe ongoing processes in Western and Eastern societies indicate growing concerns about physical appearance. Today, the issue of women's clothing and hijab is a prominent challenge and topic of discussion. There are various academic, political, and public debates surrounding women's clothing. Numerous cultural norms dictate women's public appearance in contemporary societies, with considerable diversity even within the United States.Although people from different cultures, regions, and civilizations follow different clothing styles, beliefs also influence these choices; therefore, the clothes we wear reflect our religious identity and the chastity associated with it. Culture is an area that requires scientific and precise research due to its extensive influence, the importance of its issues, and its real impact. One important aspect of culture is the identity and perception of self by individuals. Self-perception refers to an individual's ability to understand themselves and their needs; moreover, self-perception determines how individuals behave and make decisions. Research on the self-image and spirituality of female university students can further enhance our understanding of the mental and spiritual health of young women.Therefore, in this study, we focus on the role of spirituality in shaping self-image and how this self-image influences the type of clothing worn by women. Additionally, we contribute to the literature on self-perception. From Geertz's perspective, religion, like individuals, serves to uplift society, and collective consciousness is a prerequisite for it. Thus, the existence of religion depends on the existence of society. Geertz views religion as a blueprint of culture. Alongside common sense, art, empirical sciences, and ideology, religion constructs a cultural system.Peter Berger's theories on sociology and knowledge theory emphasize secularization in the modern world. There is a close relationship between Peter Berger's sociology of religion and his theories of knowledge. According to Berger's view, religion and knowledge are both influenced by context, text, environment, and language, as knowledge and reality are intertwined with social contexts. MethodologyThis research aims to test the following hypotheses: A) It seems that spirituality impacts the self-image of female university students in Shiraz. B) It seems that spirituality impacts the type of clothing worn by female university students in Shiraz through self-image. This study is a fundamental applied study with an emphasis on quantitative and cross-sectional methodology, aimed at advancing our understanding in the fields of spirituality, self-perception, and clothing.The study population consists of female students from the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Social Sciences at Shiraz University, and the sampling method is convenience sampling. Data collection utilized a survey method, measuring spirituality with the Parsian and Donning Spirituality Scale, self-image with the Beck questionnaire, and clothing type with the Asgarian Bigdeli questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software SPSS and PLS. FindingsThe results of the Spearman test (Table 2) indicate a significant relationship between spirituality and self-image, as well as between self-image and clothing type. The t-value test results (Table 2) demonstrate that spirituality has a direct effect on individuals' self-image. According to the coefficient of determination (r2) (Figure 2), spirituality accounts for 0.230 of the variance in the self-image variable, and based on this statistic, self-image explains 0.125 of the variance in the clothing type variable. Examination of Table 4 and Figure 3 reveals that spirituality influences self-image, as evidenced by the path coefficient value of -0.496 with a significant value of 0.005. Furthermore, statistical tests indicate that self-image impacts individuals' clothing type, with a path coefficient value of -0.379 and a significant value of 0.003. ResultThe results of this study are presented in the form of a theoretical framework and analysis based on the research's theoretical underpinning of spirituality and its various dimensions. These dimensions include self-awareness, the significance of spiritual beliefs in life, spiritual activities, and spiritual needs, all of which shape various aspects of individuals' self-concept. These aspects encompass mental abilities, job effectiveness, physical attractiveness, social skills, strengths, and weaknesses. The findings directly impact respondents' self-concept and indirectly influence individuals' self-perception through the mediation of the self-concept variable.In conclusion, it is suggested that when investigating the relationship between social and psychological variables in research, the role of mediating variables should be considered. When examining the role of religious and spiritual variables in individual characteristics, attention should be paid to economic and social changes. For studies on the variables of clothing and hijab, the role and impact of the variable of self-confidence should be taken into account.‌ReferencesAfsharKohan, J., Balali, E. & Soleimanpoor, M. (2011). The study of secularization and its factors on students (The University of Bu-Ali Sina). Journal of Applied Sociology, 22(1), 135-158. (In Persian)Arab, Z. (2022). 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(In Persian)Gorbanpoor Lafmejani, A., Karami, M., Rezaei, A. & Mohadethi, M. (2022). Investigating the anthropological perspective of girl students in choosing the type of hijab (Case Study: Students of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Guilan University). Culture in Islamic University, 12(1), 87-128. (In Persian)Hamdah, B. (2017). Liberalism and the Impact on Religious Identity: Hijab Culture in the American Muslim Context (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo).Hamilton, M. (1943). Sociology of Religion. Translated by Mohsen Talasi. Third Publications. (In Persian)Hapsari, H. I., Huang, M. C. & Kanita, M. W. (2023). Evaluating self-concept measurements in adolescents: A systematic review. Children, 10(2), 399.Hayman, J. W., Kurpius, S. R., Befort, C., Nicpon, M. F., Hull‐Blanks, E., Sollenberger, S. & Huser, L. (2007). Spirituality among college freshmen: Relationships to self‐esteem, body image, and stress. Counseling and Values, 52(1), 55-70.Islam, I. (2019). Redefining #YourAverageMuslim Woman: Muslim female digital activism on social media. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 12(2), 213-233.Kalantari, A., Hemati Rad, F. & Momeni, H. (2019). A sociological study of university student dress: Objective and subjective factors. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 7(1), 29-50. (In Persian)Karamipoor, A. K. (2009). Peter Berger and sociology of religion. Journal of Seven Heavens, 11(42), 143-162. (In Persian)Karmi Jafarlo, M. & Emami, M. (2021).The relationship between hijab and the spiritual position of Muslim women from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith. Journal of Marfat, 30(280), 49-58. (In Persian)Kishori Cherami, M., Mohebi, J. & Ali Maddi, A. (2021). Investigating the status of women's clothing and hijab in society and the consequences of their unveiling. International Conference on Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Lifestyle. Tehran. (In Persian)Knoblauch, H. (2014). Popular Spirituality. In Present-Day Spiritualities (Pp. 81-102). Lorinda, R., Ismail, N. & Rahmatullah, A. S. (2023). Self-concept of adolescents in early marriage and divorce in bruno district, purworejo regency. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(1), 112-121.Marshall, J. & Olson, D. V. (2018). Is spiritual but not religious’a replacement for religion or just one step on the path between religion and non-religion?. Review Of Religious Research, 60(4), 503-518.McGaughey, M. (2018). The relationship between body image and lifestyle choices in college students. International Social Science Review, 94(2), 1-17.Molayi, J. & Yusufvand, S. (2014). Sociological study of factors affecting the orientation towards the veil (Case Study: Female Students of Payam Nour University in Abdanan). Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 5(19), 35-46. (In Persian)Murphy, C. (2009). Behind the veil: Why Islam’s most visible symbol is spreading. The Christian Science Monitor, 102(3), 13-19.Primaningtyas, W., Narendra, A. A. A. K. A. & Hastuti, H. (2019). Body image and religiosity in adolescents: a comparation between public and private high school students. Smart Medical Journal, 2(2), 98-103.Spencer, M. (2012). What is spirituality? A personal exploration. Retrieved March, 16, 2020.Syahridawaty, S. (2020). Fenomena fashion hijab dan niqab perspektif tafsir maqāsidi. Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 22(2), 135-150.Villalobos, J. M. R., Vega, H. B., Aguirre, S. I., Blanco, J. R., Leal, A. C. D., Pando, E. V. B. & Jurado, P. J. (2023). Physical self-concept in Mexican adolescent men and women. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 47, 610-614.Zhang, K. C. (2013). What I look like: College women, body image, and spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(4), 1240-1252.‌‌‌‌

Kişilik, insanın yaratılışından gelen özelliklerinin dış dünya ile etkileşime girmesi sonucu tutum ve davranışlarda ortaya çıkan yansımadır. Kişinin tutum ve davranışlarının tutarlılığı ise aklın önderliğindeki irade ile gerçekleşir. İradeyi kontrol eden unsurlar vardır. Hem içsel hem de dışsal olgu olan din de bu unsurlardan biridir. Dinin kontrolcü rolü, kişiliğin inşa sürecinde de aktif rol oynar. Dinin bu rolü insanın çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemlerinde daha etkilidir. Sonraki dönemlerde ise insanın kriz anlarında başvurduğu bir unsurdur. Cinsiyetlerin kişilik inşa sürecinde din faktöründen yararlanması farklılık gösterir. Kadın mizacının yumuşaklığı, kişiliğini din faktörüne daha açık hale getirir. Bu durum kadında samimi bir teslimiyet doğururken bütüncül bir kişilik de inşa eder. Bu nedenle kadının kişilik inşasında ve kriz anlarında dinden yararlanmasının etkinliği gelecekte sağlıklı şahsiyetlerin yetiştirilmesi için araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Yapılan literatür araştırmalarında kadın kişiliğini özel bir şahıs bağlamında ele alan çalışmalarla karşılaşılmamıştır. Bu nedenle biz de bu çalışmayla hem alana katkı sağlamayı hem de dinin olumlu kontrolcü güç olarak kişilik inşasına etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Bu bağlamda hayatı, farklı inançların, kültürlerin ve geleneklerin etkisinde dönemler içeren Bezmialem Valide Sultan’ın kişiliğini incelenmiştir. Edindiği çeşitli kimliklerde kişiliğini, bütüncül ve sağlıklı bir yapıya ulaştırmasında; dinin rolünü vurgulanmıştır. Hayatı boyunca yaptırdığı hayır vakıflarıyla din faktörünün kişilik inşasına etkisi bilimsel açıdan ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu hayır vakıflarından beş tane örnek seçilmiştir. Bunlar; Vakıf Gureba Hastanesi, Dārü’l-Maʿārif,, Dolmabahçe Camii, Galata Köprüsü ve Terkos Gölü’dür. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılırken dökümanların incelenmesi tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Bezmialem Valide Sultan ve hayır eserleri üzerinden; kişiliğin inşasında, dinin etkisinin olumlu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu süreçte iradeyi kontrol eden temel unsur din olduğunda insanın tutarlı ve kalıcı tutum ve davranışlar sergilediği görülmüştür

Rawan M Maawadh,1 Thekra N Al-Maqati,1 Maryam Hamad Alenezi,2 Eman Alenezi,3 Amal Alsubaie,4 Amal Mohsen Alghamdi,5 Afrah AlSubaie,6 Mashael Mufleh Alruwaili,7 Haya Ali AlAnazi,7 Entisar Albugami,8 Naifah Ahmed Alanazi,9 Khaled Ahmed Alhmdan,10 Fahad Farhan Alshammari,11 Abeer Madkhali12 1Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dammam, 31448, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Admin & Excellence Allowance Committee Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 3Preventive Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 4Family Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 5Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 6Urology and Nephrology Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 7Patient Education Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 8Family Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Cardiac Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 10Health Informatics Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 11Laboratory Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 12Quality and Patient Safety Administration Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Rawan M Maawadh, Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, P.O. Box 33048, Dammam, 31448, Saudi Arabia, Email rmaawadh@psmchs.edu.saPurpose: Broad evidence points out that women workers in Saudi Arabia face a range of inequitable work practices despite continued efforts for gender equality. The study aims to assess the satisfaction of Saudi women working in the health sector among certain factors in the work environment, factors that enable them to gain opportunities and benefits and make decisions.Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which involved the use of closed-ended surveys on 261 Saudi women working in the healthcare sector.Results: Most of the females were aged between 25 and 34 years (59%) and more than half of them worked in the governmental sector (53%). Fifty-eight percent of the females hold clinical jobs, 25% of the administrative jobs were 37% of them have more than 19 years of working experience. The finding showed a significant association between female workers in health sector satisfaction with factors related to the workplace environment, training, and development, and their involvement in decision-making.Conclusion: Most women felt empowered when they received equitable tasks and were able to reach managerial-level positions in their organizations. Establishing a positive work environment characterized by opportunities has the potential to enhance women workers’ satisfaction.Keywords: satisfaction, woman, education, training, opportunities

The article opens a special issue of the journal “Historical Ethnology”, dedicated to the Tatar woman. Its authors, who acted as compilers and scientific editors of the issue, substantiate the research focus, chronology and source base of the published materials. The emphasis on Tatar women as an object of a special study is explained by their active social and professional stand during the period of the Russian Empire and the USSR. The coverage of these two historical periods made it possible to identify the ethnospecific logic of integrating Tatar women into large-scale political and social phenomena. The bulk of the articles included in the issue are accompanied by the publication of materials from state archives, ego-documents, literary works, articles from Tatar newspapers and magazines of the pre-revolutionary period, inaccessible to most researchers. Their introduction into scientific circulation, according to the authors of the introductory article, strengthens the possibilities of a diachronic approach to the analysis of the ethnosocial field from a historical perspective. Giving a brief overview of the articles in the issue, the authors of the introduction come to the conclusion that in the era of bourgeois reforms, along with the traditional care for family and children for women, her role in the society is strengthening; her desire for education and educational activities is intensifying. With the advent of the Soviet system, which proclaimed gender equality of the sexes, the burden on women increases both in their personal life and in the public sphere. At the same time, Tatar women retain their most important purpose – educating and bringing up the younger generation.

The article analyses the views of a prominent representative of the Tatar emigration, teacher, journalist, and public figure Rukiya Mukhammadish on the Tatar woman and her role in the fate of the people. The work is accompanied by a publication written by Rukiya Mukhammadish in the newspaper “Milli Bayraq”, which was published in Mukden, Manchuria in 1935–1945. The publication made a considerable contribution to the enlightenment and the cultivation of national identity among the Tatars in the Far East. The presented source is dedicated to highlighting the role of the Tatar woman in the national education, life and history of the people in various periods of its existence. In the article “Woman in the Life of Our Nation”, R. Mukhammadish sets a goal to show the place of women in the family, in the life of the people and the state, and gives examples from various historical sources. According to the author, the position of women in the Turkic society was quite free; they were distinguished by their courage, determination and participated in solving not only family but also state-related issues. Women of the Golden Horde participated in the government affairs; in the Kazan Khanate, they ruled the country. The upbringing of mothers and Abystays helped to preserve Islam, their native language, and folk traditions. Thus, women fulfilled their responsibilities not only to their family, but also to the people and the country. The purpose of the presented article is to raise the national self-awareness (“milli barlyk”) of Tatar emigrants and disseminate historical knowledge among them. The relevance of documents of this nature lies in the fact that they are valuable sources for studying the life and features of the development of social and pedagogical thought of the Mukhadzhir Tatars.

The history of traditional societies constantly attracts the attention of the research community. The interest of both domestic and foreign scientists is observed both in early historical times and at the present stage. Among the issues of great interest to researchers are the peculiarities of the legal status of women in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The author substantiates the relevance and significance of the research topic. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the legal status of women in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The article uses general scientific and specific methods of historical and historiographical research, including methods of objectivity and comparative analysis. The article analyzes the specific features of the legal vulnerability of women of the peoples of the Caucasus, in this regard, the status of the status of women according to Adat and Sharia seems interesting. The article provides a brief justification of the role and significance of the development of customary law, since a dual system of customary law (adat) and Sharia has developed in the Caucasus. The analysis of the scientific literature allowed us to conclude that the absence of a state system and state law contributed to the long-term preservation of the adat in the Caucasus. It is postulated that there are three types of customary law: customary law before the reformation (from the XV to the XIX centuries), reformed customary law (from the second half of the XIX to the beginning of the XX centuries) and customary law of the Soviet and post-Soviet period (from 1920 to the 1990s). The article also examines the peculiarities of property and inheritance rights, as well as the formation of feminism as a social movement for women’s rights in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to further improve institutional mechanisms to ensure compliance with Sharia and Adat laws.

One of the moral characteristics of humans is altruism. Whether or not a relationship can be established between this human trait and gender is a topic that has been investigated in this article. In this regard, after explaining the sexuality of the soul according to the principles of transcendental wisdom, including the unity of the soul and the body in all the corresponding stages of existence, as well as the expression of the unity and objectivity of the soul and powers in Mullah Sadra's view, the difference in powers between the two sexes, female and male, is pointed out and with the development of the meaning of intelligence from the perspective of Sadra wisdom, especially Mulla Sadra's different view on the faculty of fantasy, the difference in the meaning of intelligence between men and women has been achieved; As a woman's intelligence can be called an emotional intelligence, where empathy and sympathy are its main components, and Since there is a direct connection between altruism and emotions, the connection between altruism and gender is revealed. The necessity and importance of the present research is that by explaining the different moral virtues of women and men based on the principles accepted by Mulla Sadra, it has prevented the discriminatory and unfair valuation (calling each of them strong or weak) of the two sexes, which is one of the concerns of feminist philosophies todayThe present article is a fundamental effort that tries to explain the mentioned result with the the library method and by analyzing the basics of Sadra Wisdom.

The rule and sayings of Mebarka Bint Al Khuas were said to be mostly without origin، and they are distinguished by the use of the Arabic language that is circulating among the public circles that depend on the movement of silence in the last speech. As the tongue of the individual is his thought, it reflects his cultural and social level، and through a careful reading of judgment and words I am not sure if I am going to go to school, but I don’t think I am going to be able to go to school. As for what we got from its rule and its examples، I talked about Men, women، generosity, courage، elitist and other matters of life, and we relied in presenting them as they were said to be. To keep the novel honest

The present article discusses the topic of chronic ailments and the need for psychological support related to them. We are presenting information on the first-ever study held in Bulgaria of women suffering from Endometriosis, accepting the diagnosis and ways of coping with the macro-traumatic event of receiving the diagnosis. The study illustrates our effort to establish whether there is a difference in the ways women cope with such a hard diagnosis as Endometriosis among patients utilizing psychological support and patients who refrain from it. We also describe the results from the preliminary study aiming to establish to what extent psychological work affects the ways of coping with the Endometriosis diagnosis.

We propose a new mouse (C57Bl6/J) model combining several features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction encountered in older women, including hypertension from Angiotensin II infusion (AngII), menopause, and advanced age. To mimic menopause, we delayed ovariectomy (Ovx) at 12 months of age. We also studied the effects of AngII infusion for 28 days in younger animals and the impact of losing gonadal steroids earlier in life. We observed that AngII effects on heart morphology were different in younger and adult mice (3- and 12-month-old; 20 and 19% increase in heart weight. P

Ladies enjoy different benefits and fluctuated jobs, remembering for instruction and vocations. The issues of ladies from low monetary gatherings, particularly connected with orientation, need regard for increment their social and financial support. Ladies' strengthening, particularly among unfortunate families, shows the requirement for substantial activities in reinforcing social and monetary viewpoints. This study means to examine the execution of the Ladies' Strengthening Project in Further developing Family Government assistance in Tanah Itam Ulu Ranch Town, Datuk Lima Puluh Locale, Batubara Rule. This sort of examination is subjective exploration utilizing Spellbinding strategy. Not entirely settled by purposive testing, information assortment methods were done by perception, interview and documentation. Information legitimacy test in this review is source triangulation. Information investigation strategies use information decrease stages, information show, and end drawing. The consequences of the review show that there is a ladies' strengthening program, yet it has not had the option to make a huge commitment in further developing family government assistance through the Deqoupage create program. There are impediments in the execution of this strengthening program, chiefly because of the low level of ladies' cooperation. This low interest can be brought about by a few things, like the absence of socialization, the absence of preparing given by the public authority, and the degree of instruction.

The article considers Russian woman’s linguistic and cultural image transformation on the example of several Russian literature fictions of the 20th and 21st centuries. The author analyses the heroes through the used lexicon, the assessment from the point of view of other characters and behaviour as well as through secondary signs such as colour painting, charactonyms etc. The study concludes that the transformation of Russian woman image is in the form of a harmonious fusion of traditional and acquired traits. In addition, the author concludes that the stereotypical image of Russian woman and her description in literature are gradually being revised.

Paul Willems, 20th-century Belgian playwright, did not shy away from showing many female figures in his plays, and he did so with great attention to detail. Through a thorough analysis, of the following plays : Il pleut dans ma maison and Off et la lune, it is possible to draw analogies between the heroines he created, which might allow to identify the topoi most often used by the Belgian playwright. We used the historical method, notably the selection, fusion, interpretation and ordering of facts. In addition, the method of literature analysis with particular emphasis on the analysis of source texts and the comparative method were used. Based on the analysis carried out, we established that the following topoi of women appear in the two Willems’ plays selected for analysis: a woman as an incomprehensible being, a romantic woman, a traditional woman and a liberated woman.

The wider and more sophisticated the reach and development of information technology, the more popular the use of social media. However, it turns out that this technological advancement has presented a new form of violence against woman, namely online gender-based violence. This online gender-based violence can result in harm or suffering in physical, mental or sexual form, threats, coercion and the deprivation of liberty. Therefore, in this study, we will discuss Online Gender-Based Violence as a Form of Violence Against Woman. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. Based on this research, it was found that in order to prevent the occurrence of online gender-based violence, women must be aware of digital footprints, because they can be used by irresponsible parties to commit online gender-based violence and the impact can be very cruel. Woman are also less aware of the potential threats related to personal data that deviate from large impacts such as fetishization, online harassment and humiliation, threats of online violence to online trafficking of woman. Keywords : violence; gender online; woman

Introduction. The fundamental Buddhist treatise rGyud-bZhi is compiled mainly from Indian and Chinese sources, as well as elements of the oral healing tradition. The extensive range of commentary texts rGyud-bZhi gave rise to is dominated by the treatise Vaidurya-Onbo containing a series of unique illustrations — the ‘Atlas of Tibetan Medicine’. Tibetan healers considered embryology a most important part of medical practice and described it as the ‘making of the body’. Goals. The study seeks to consider the phenomenon of the making of the body — covering the pre-conception period, process of conception, fetal development, birth, postnatal growth, and infancy — in the context of the Buddhist healing treatise rGyud-bZhi and related commentaries. The paper examines conditions and causes of conception, processes of embryonic development, sex determination, karma-based birth to a certain family. Materials and methods. The work analyzes the embryology on the basis of rGyud-bZhi and Vaidurya-Onbo with the illustrations referred to as ‘Atlas of Tibetan Medicine’. One of the most impressive illustrations of the Atlas is titled ‘The Making of the Body’, and explains how under the influence of the vijñāna (‘consciousness’), the five primary elements and attachment to samsara, conception occurs and the fetus gets formed. Results. The making of the body is determined by karma and begins long before the embryo’s conception, since Buddhist texts pay much attention to the moral behavior of would-be parents. In Tibetan society, the influence of traditions manifested itself already at the stage of embryonic development, and women would often turn to mystical rites and rituals in the hope of giving birth to a male child. It was believed that prayers and certain rituals could influence the formation of the unborn child’s sex. Childbirth is basically viewed as a positive event for woman, since it is biologically and culturally natural. According to Tibetan sources, human health is rooted in harmony with environments and moral principles. Parents understand that it is necessary to follow internal and external prescriptions for procreation, to increase physical and spiritual strength in order to successfully conceive, maintain pregnancy, give birth to a healthy child, and provide him/her with proper care.

The factors that determined the peculiarities of the social status of women in Ancient Sparta have been identified and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the establishment of community control over private life, namely: strict regulation of marriage and family relations, the compulsory nature of specific general education, which started for girls at the age of eight and lasted until marriage, determined that the national interests of women became a priority and dominated family values. It has been found that in Sparta, as in other polities of ancient Greece, childbearing was considered the most important function of women, as the offspring were to continue family traditions and take care of their elderly parents, conduct religious rites, etc. Only male children were seen as future citizens and defenders of the polis. In Lacedaemon, motherhood acquired a more accentuated meaning and was understood as service to the state. It became the basis of marriage and family relations, where polyandry was perceived as the norm. The Spartan woman was socially active. She was a direct participant in religious festivals and rituals, sports competitions. She publicly ridiculed the bachelors and cowards. If her own son turned out to be a coward, she could kill him herself. A mother did not bear any legal responsibility for the murder of a cowardly son. The economic rights of Spartans, which other women in ancient Greece did not have, have been investigated. Due to her husband’s military service, a Lacedaemonian woman managed not only his oikos, but also his cleris. Polyandry allowed a woman to unite two or more “houses” under her control and thus increase her influence in society. It has been noted that a strong economic foundation allowed wealthy women to have more freedom in society and even influence those in power in making responsible political decisions. With the loss of Messenia, women lose their economic freedom. The social status of women also changes, as they become more subordinate to men. It has been argued that in Sparta, the state minimised the private life of spouses. Under such conditions, a woman was socially active, knew the inner life of the polis well, and understood the foreign policy priorities of the state. She acted as a motivator and guide of Spartan ideology for the men of her family. And in this way, the Lacedaemonian woman was significantly different from other women in ancient Greece.

Objectives The topic of the article is social media considered in the context of women's attitudes and purchasing decisions. The authors' intention was to assess the importance and use of social media in women's decision-making process. In particular, the focus was on identifying women's activity in social media, taking into account their age. The ability of women to make a decision to purchase a product in connection with the content on brand profiles in social media was also assessed. Material and methods The article presents a research approach based on literature studies and empirical research. Starting from the characteristics of a woman as a consumer, the determinants of women's purchasing decisions regarding the purchase of cosmetics were demonstrated. Empirical research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method using a questionnaire. The research results were analyzed statistically. Results The research results confirm the importance of social media in the purchasing decision-making process of women. This impact is also related to women's age. Factors such as content usefulness, perceived value of information, influencer's recommendation, and opinions of other users play a special role here. Conclusions The research results clearly indicate the role of brand communication in the social media space, regardless of the channels, methods and forms of this communication.

ABSTRACT: This study aims at to search prominent brain studies that externalised women from communal system and set forth the situations that more women should take the management chair. Firstly, historical definitions that discriminate women and haul them down in brain research, biological dissimilarities in brains according to gender in today's brain research, and the cultural effect shaped by the female brain in co-evolution are analyzed. Brain research in past and today, processes that provide evolution and development, are the basic data investigated. A qualitative study grounds on indirect observation was conducted by probing the data from literature, the continuums and incidents observed in history, and how the continuum was shaped. Events and facts were interpreted and described in their entirety. Brain studies that discriminate against women, the biological and communal act played by women in evolution, development and fitting women at the hub of community and management are the issues that provide clues in the analysis. It is seen how women have been subject to to discrimination with regard to competency in management as a result. As a result it appears that women are the precursor of society and management due to their evolution roles and brain capacity. ÖZ: Bu çalışma, tarih boyunca kadının toplumsal yapıdan dışlanmasında öne çıkan beyin araştırmalarını incelemeyi ve daha çok kadının yönetim koltuğuna oturması gereken durumlara açıklık getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle beyin araştırmalarında kadına yönelik ayrımcılık yapan ve kadınları aşağılayan tarihsel tanımlar, günümüz beyin araştırmalarındaki gelişmeler bağlamında kadın ve erkek beynindeki biyolojik farklılıklar ve kadın beyninin ortaklaşa şekillendirdiği kültürel etki-evrim analiz edilmiştir. Geçmişteki ve günümüzdeki beyin araştırmaları, evrimi ve gelişimi sağlayan süreçler, temel veri niteliğindedir. Alan yazından elde edilen veriler, geçmişte gözlemlenen süreçler ve olaylar ile sürecin nasıl şekillendirildiği araştırılarak dolaylı gözleme dayalı nitel çalışma yapılmıştır. Olaylar ve olgular bir bütün olarak yorumlanmış ve betimlenmiştir. Kadına karşı ayrımcılık yapan beyin çalışmaları, kadının evrimde ve gelişmede oynadığı biyolojik ve toplumsal rol ve kadının toplumun ve yönetimin merkezine yerleştirilmesi temel konulardır. Araştırma sonucunda kadınların yönetimde yeterlilik açısından nasıl ayrımcılığa maruz kaldığı, kadınların evrimsel rolleri ve beyin kapasiteleri nedeniyle toplumun ve yönetimin öncüleri oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır.

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la contribución de dos mujeres a la cuestión femenina dentro del movimiento obrero: Virginia González, socialista, y Dolores Ibárruri, comunista. Para ello, nos centraremos en el primer tercio del siglo XX, mostrando primero cuál era la situación de la mujer dentro del movimiento obrero, y realizando después un recorrido por algunas de las aportaciones más importantes de ambas mujeres, centrándonos en la cuestión de la maternidad, el matrimonio y el trabajo. Langile-mugimenduaren barruan emakumezkoen gaiari dagokionez bi emakumek egindako ekarpena erakustea da artikulu honen helburua: Virginia González, sozialista, eta Dolores Ibárruri, komunista. Horretarako, XX. mendearen lehenengo herena hartuko dugu ardatz, lehenik emakumeak langile-mugimenduaren barruan zuen egoera zein zen erakutsiz, eta ondoren bi emakumeek egindako ekarpen garrantzitsuenen errepasoa eginez, amatasuna, ezkontza eta lana gai nagusitzat hartuta. The aim of this article is to show the contribution of the socialist Virginia González and the communist Dolores Ibárruri to the women issue inside the working class movement. We will focus on the first third of the tweentieh century. Firstly we will show how the woman was considered for the working class movement at that time; secondly we will show proposal of these two women in topics like motherhood, marriage and work.

Examining aesthetic belief and artistic understanding is considered one of the important topics in art fields. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between aesthetic belief and problem-solving cognitive style and the need to recognize the mediating role of cultural intelligence in art students. Therefore, the main question of this research was whether it is possible to develop a model for women''s belief in artistic aesthetics based on problem solving styles and the need for recognition through the mediation of cultural intelligence? The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all female art students of Hamadan universities in the academic year of 2019-2019. 377 students were selected as a purposeful and available sample from among the faculties and educational groups and according to the research plan, and according to the aesthetic belief questionnaires of Taghizadeh and Babaei (2016), the need to know ( Cacioppo, Petty and Kao (1984), problem-solving styles Cassidy and Long (2013) and cultural intelligence Early and Ang (2003) answered. Research data with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and skewness and skewness statistics) variables) and inferential statistics (Pearson''s correlation and path analysis with the calculation of its defaults) were analyzed. The results showed that the conceptual model compiled with the data had a good fit. The results of the structural relationships of the model showed that the aesthetic belief There is a positive and significant relationship with the constructive skill of problem solving, the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. The constructive skill of problem solving and the need for recognition have a positive and significant relationship with cultural intelligence. The non-constructive skill of problem solving has a negative and significant relationship with the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. Aesthetic belief has a negative and significant relationship with non-constructive problem-solving skills.

Examining aesthetic belief and artistic understanding is considered one of the important topics in art fields. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between aesthetic belief and problem-solving cognitive style and the need to recognize the mediating role of cultural intelligence in art students. Therefore, the main question of this research was whether it is possible to develop a model for women's belief in artistic aesthetics based on problem solving styles and the need for recognition through the mediation of cultural intelligence? The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all female art students of Hamadan universities in the academic year of 2019-2019. 377 students were selected as a purposeful and available sample from among the faculties and educational groups and according to the research plan, and according to the aesthetic belief questionnaires of Taghizadeh and Babaei (2016), the need to know ( Cacioppo, Petty and Kao (1984), problem-solving styles Cassidy and Long (2013) and cultural intelligence Early and Ang (2003) answered. Research data with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and skewness and skewness statistics) variables) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation and path analysis with the calculation of its defaults) were analyzed. The results showed that the conceptual model compiled with the data had a good fit. The results of the structural relationships of the model showed that the aesthetic belief There is a positive and significant relationship with the constructive skill of problem solving, the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. The constructive skill of problem solving and the need for recognition have a positive and significant relationship with cultural intelligence. The non-constructive skill of problem solving has a negative and significant relationship with the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. Aesthetic belief has a negative and significant relationship with non-constructive problem-solving skills.

This article presents a study on the psychological violence suffered by the character Luana, in the dramaturgical book Um Judeu na minha cama (1976), by contemporary writer Lília Silva. Gad, a successful businessman with a traditionalfamily, has been in a relationship for almost twenty years with Luana, his lover, who spends most of the work isolated in an apartment, living submissively to her partner'sorders and humiliation. At each meeting between them, the couple discusses the existential dramas that occur in both their lives. From these dialogues, the objective is to analyze whether Gad's quest to be happy does not become psychological violence, experienced by Luana. Literary study is based on psychoanalytic and philosophicaltheories aligned with Literature, based on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu (2019), Ginzburg (2012), Freud (1986) and Schopenhauer (2005).