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Quasars are generally divided into jetted radio-loud and nonjetted radio-quiet ones, but why only 10% of quasars are radio-loud has been puzzling for decades. Other than jet-induced phenomena, black hole mass, or Eddington ratio, a prominent difference between jetted and nonjetted quasars has scarcely been detected. Here we show a unique distinction between them, and the mystery of jet launching could be disclosed by a prominent excess of radio emission in extremely stable quasars (ESQs; i.e., type 1 quasars with extremely weak variability in UV/optical over 10 yr). Specifically, we find that >25% of the ESQs are detected by the FIRST/VLASS radio survey, while only ∼6%–8% of the control sample, matched in redshift, luminosity, and Eddington ratio, are radio-detected. The excess of radio detection in ESQs has a significance of 4.4 σ (99.9995%) and predominantly occurs at intermediate radio loudness with R ∼ 10–60. The radio detection fraction of ESQs also tends to increase in the ESQ samples selected with more stringent thresholds. Our results are in contrast to the common view that radio-loud quasars are likely more variable in UV/optical due to jet contribution. New clues/challenges posed by our findings highlight the importance of extensive follow-up observations to probe the nature of jets in ESQs and theoretical studies on the link between jet launching and ESQs. Moreover, our results make ESQs, an essential population that has never been explored, unique targets in the burgeoning era of time domain astronomy, like their opposite counterparts of quasars exhibiting extreme variability or changing-look features.

Impact velocity (v0), target strength (fc) and target thickness (hc) are important factors affecting opening damage (D¯) of PELE penetration into RC target. In this paper, based on the three influence factors of v0, fc and hc, experimental and numerical simulation studies on PELE penetration into RC target were carried out. The study results show that: (1) Since interaction force (or penetration resistance) between projectile and target is positively correlated with v0 and fc, with the increase of v0 and fc, deformation mode of jacket is changed from small bending deformation to large bending deformation and then to curling deformation. Therefore, the variation of jacket deformation mode causes opening diameter of RC target to increase first and then to decrease. It is found that the two factors approximately satisfy a quadratic function relationship, respectively. (2) For PELE projectile penetrating RC targets with thickness of 80–400 mm, the opening diameter of six sets of RC targets grows from 240 to 500 mm, and hc with D¯ approximately satisfy a linear relationship. (3) Based on the above study results, the relationship between two dimensionless parameters (I=mv02d13fc and H=hcl ) and dimensionless opening diameter (D¯/d1) was determined. Combined with the results of previous research, a dimensionless opening diameter model D¯d1=f1(Q,G,I)f2(H) was established. By tests verified, the test results are all within ±10% error of the theoretical model, which verifies the accuracy of the model.