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Li-Li Yang,1,2,* Ping Peng,1,3,* Yun-Hong Lin,3 Ting Zhou,4 Xiao-Xue Ren,1,3 Wei-Qi Wang,1 Xing-Xing Li1,3 1Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xing-Xing LiDepartment of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 1088 Haiyuan Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13759581696Fax +86 87165330099Email lxx_drli1862@163.comObjective: This study aims to measure and analyze the lip and tooth dynamic esthetic characteristics at rest and during speech in order to provide a reference for its esthetic design and restoration among the Hani and Han populations in Yunnan Province, China.Methods: Subjects of Hani and Han ethnicity in Yunnan were selected using multistage stratified sampling and inclusive criteria. The lip and tooth dynamic esthetic characteristics of the subjects at rest and during the pinyin pronunciation of “me”, “yi”, “fu”, and “si” were recorded using digital photography and analyzed with computer software.Results: No statistical difference was detected between the Hani and Han groups in the upper central-incisor display, when pronouncing the pinyin “yi”. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences in lip dynamic esthetic parameters between the Hani and Han groups, except for the distance between the upper and lower lips when pronouncing “si”. There were three kinds of correlation between the upper central-incisor edge and lower lip: separation, contact, and overlap.Conclusion: The display of upper central incisors and the mouth width of Hani people are larger than those of Han people when at rest. When the pinyin “si” is pronounced, the display of upper central incisors and the upper–lower lip distance of Hani people is less than that of Han people due to labial muscle movement.Keywords: Hani, Han, pronunciation, lip and tooth aesthetics, digital videography

Yang Lv,1,* Qing-Yang Feng,1,* Song-Bin Lin,2,* Yi-Hao Mao,1,* Yu-Qiu Xu,1 Peng Zheng,1 Liang-Liang Yang,1 Guo-Dong He,1 Jian-Min Xu11Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, Xiamen city, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAim: Lymph node ratio (LNR) seems to be more precise than classic N stage in classifying cancer stage. Thus, we aim to construct a modified classification system based on LNR for colon cancer without distant metastasis.Methods: This study enrolled two independent cohorts of patients. The primary cohort enrolled 2,152 patients from 2008 to 2013 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The validation cohort consisted of 77,406 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from 2004 to 2014. The inclusion criteria were: pathologically confirmed colon cancer, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I/II/III. The exclusion criteria included: incomplete follow-up information, rectal cancer, and multiple primary sites. The prognostic value of LNR for overall survival was evaluated. The cutoff value of LNR was determined by the X-tile. Predictive performance of modified classification was determined by the concordance index.Results: After analysis, 0.05 and 0.50 were determined as the best threshold values of LNR. A value of 0.50 was reclassified as the mN0, mN1 and mN2 stage. A modified classification based on mN0, mN1, and mN2 was further constructed for stage I/II/III colon cancer. C-index of the modified classification was statistically more precise than AJCC classification (0.687 versus 0.605, P

Yi Huang,1 Qi Tao,2 Dongzhi Hou,1 Sheng Hu,1 Shuangyan Tian,1 Yanzhong Chen,3 Ruyi Gui,1 Lingling Yang,4 Yao Wang5 1College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 2Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China Abstract: As a novel ion-exchange carrier with high surface area and excellent exchangeability, montmorillonite (Mt) was intercalated with betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) to form a nanocomposite and then encapsulated by liposomes (Mt-BH-LPs) for an ophthalmic drug-delivery system. The Mt-BH and Mt-BH-LPs were prepared by an acidification process and ethanol injection combined with ammonium sulfate gradient methods. The successful formation of Mt-BH and Mt-BH-LPs was verified by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, and transmission electron microscopy. Mt-BH-LPs possessed the favorable physical characteristics of encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, mean particle size, and ζ-potential. In vitro release studies indicated Mt-BH-LPs effectively maintained a relatively sustained slow release. Immortalized human corneal epithelial cell cytotoxicity, in vivo rabbit eye-irritation tests, and chorioallantoic membrane–trypan blue staining all revealed that Mt-BH-LPs had no obvious irritation on ocular tissues. A new in vitro tear-turnover model, including inserts containing human corneal epithelial cells, was designed to evaluate the precorneal retention time of Mt-BH-LPs. The results showed that Mt-BH-LPs maintained a certain BH concentration in tear fluid for a longer period than the BH solution. In vivo precorneal retention studies also indicated Mt-BH-LPs prolonged drug retention on the ocular surface more than the BH solution. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic studies showed that Mt-BH-LPs had a prolonged effect on decreasing intraocular optical pressure in rabbits. Our results demonstrated that Mt-BH-LPs have potential as an ophthalmic delivery system. Keywords: liposome, montmorillonite, irritation, precorneal retention time, intraocular optical pressure