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BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) combined with dexrazoxane (DEX) against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) and further explore their pharmacological mechanism by integrating the network meta-analysis (NMA) and network pharmacology approach.MethodsWe searched for clinical trials on the efficacy of DEX + CPMs for AIC until March 10, 2023 (Database: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal and China Online Journals). The evaluating outcomes were cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value, and electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormal rate. Subsequently, the results of NMA were further analyzed in combination with network pharmacology.ResultsWe included 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 retrospective cohort study (n = 1,214), containing six CPMs: Wenxinkeli (WXKL), Cinobufotalin injection (CI), Shenqifuzheng injection (SQFZ), Shenmai injection (SM), Astragalus injection (AI) and AI + CI. The NMA was implemented in Stata (16.0) using the mvmeta package. Compared with using DEX only, DEX + SM displayed the best effective for lowering cTnI level (MD = −0.44, 95%CI [−0.56, −0.33], SUCRA 93.4%) and improving LVEF value (MD = 14.64, 95%CI [9.36, 19.91], SUCRA 98.4%). DEX + SQFZ showed the most effectiveness for lowering CK-MB level (MD = −11.57, 95%CI [−15.79, −7.35], SUCRA 97.3%). And DEX + AI + CI has the highest effectiveness for alleviating ECG abnormalities (MD = −2.51, 95%CI [−4.06, −0.96], SUCRA 96.8%). So that we recommended SM + DEX, SQFZ + DEX, and DEX + AI + CI as the top three effective interventions against AIC. Then, we explored their pharmacological mechanism respectively. The CPMs' active components and AIC-related targets were screened to construct the component-target network. The potential pathways related to CPMs against AIC were determined by KEGG. For SM, we identified 118 co-targeted genes of active components and AIC, which were significantly enriched in pathways of cancer pathways, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. For SQFZ, 41 co-targeted genes involving pathways of microRNAs in cancer, Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and lipid and atherosclerosis. As for AI + CI, 224 co-targeted genes were obtained, and KEGG analysis showed that the calcium signaling pathway plays an important role except for the consistent pathways of SM and SQFZ in anti-AIC.ConclusionsDEX + CPMs might be positive efficacious interventions from which patients with AIC will derive benefits. DEX + SM, DEX + SQFZ, and DEX + AI + CI might be the preferred intervention for improving LVEF value, CK-MB level, and ECG abnormalities, respectively. And these CPMs play different advantages in alleviating AIC by targeting multiple biological processes.

Single-atom catalysts represent a promising materials class for efficient catalytic transformations. Here, authors prepare a high surface distribution density of iridium atoms on nickel-iron sulfide nanosheet arrays to deliver high water oxidation activity and stability.

Pharmaceutical care is essential in building up the basics of public health and clinical care. A comprehensive understanding of global status in the field of pharmaceutical care is necessary for directing its research frontiers and future trends. Therefore, this study aims to make a bibliometric analysis to track the development of pharmaceutical care research worldwide during the past two decades. The publications regarding pharmaceutical care were culled from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) and CiteSpace (Version 5.8.R3). As a result, 3,597 publications (3,177 articles and 420 reviews) were obtained. The annual yields grew more than three times in the past two decades, from 54 records in 2002 to 379 papers in 2021. The United States played the leading role in this research from multiple aspects, including publication (n = 1,208), citations (n = 28,759), funding agencies, and collaboration worldwide. The University of Sydney in Australia was the most contributed institution with the greatest number of publications (n = 112) in pharmaceutical care research. Hersberger KE from the University of Basel was the most productive author (n = 40). Chen TF from the University of Sydney was the author who owed the highest H-index of 19 and most citations (n = 1,501). They both significantly impacted this field. American Journal of Health System Pharmacy produced the most publications, while Pharmacotherapy had the highest IF (IF2020 = 4.705) in this field. Clusters networks of co-cited references and keywords suggested that clinical pharmacy is an essential theme in pharmaceutical care. Terms of medication safety and critical care recognized by burst analysis of keywords also hint at the recent attention on clinical pharmacy. The present bibliometrics analysis may provide a comprehensive overview and valuable reference for future researchers and practitioners in the research field of pharmaceutical care.

Abstract Surface strain engineering is a promising strategy to design various electrocatalysts for sustainable energy storage and conversion. However, achieving the multifunctional activity of the catalyst via the adjustment of strain engineering remains a major challenge. Herein, an excellent trifunctional electrocatalyst (Ru/RuO2@NCS) is prepared by anchoring lattice mismatch strained core/shell Ru/RuO2 nanocrystals on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets. Core/shell Ru/RuO2 nanocrystals with ~5 atomic layers of RuO2 shells eliminate the ligand effect and produce ~2% of the surface compressive strain, which can boost the trifunctional activity (oxygen evolution reaction [OER], oxygen reduction reaction [ORR], and hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]) of the catalyst. When equipped in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries, the Ru/RuO2@NCS endows them with high power (137.1 mW cm−2) and energy (714.9 Wh kgZn−1) density and excellent cycle stability. Moreover, the as‐fabricated Zn‐air batteries can drive a water splitting electrolyzer assembled with Ru/RuO2@NCS and achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 only requires a low potential ~1.51 V. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the compressive strained RuO2 could reduce the reaction barrier and improve the binding of rate‐determining intermediates (*OH, *O, *OOH, and *H), leading to the enhanced catalytic activity and stability. This work can provide a novel avenue for the rational design of multifunctional catalysts in future clean energy fields.

Accumulating evidence suggests that natural medicines have notable curative effects on neurological conditions, such as migraine, that are mediated by regulating the gut microbial flora. A natural medicine pair used in traditional Chinese medicine, Gastrodia elata Blume and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (GU), have shown excellent effect in treating migraine, yet the role of gut microbes in the therapeutic effect of GU in chronic migraine (CMG) is unknown. Here, we performed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics study of the effects of GU in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of CMG. Our results showed that the gut microbial community structure changed significantly and was similar to that of control rats after GU administration in CMG rats. Specifically, GU increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Coprococcus and reduced the abundance of Prevotella_1 and Escherichia-Shigella in CMG rats. The metabolomics profiles of the plasma and ileum contents of CMG rats obtained with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) revealed similar biomarkers in both samples, and GU treatment reduced 3-indoxyl sulfate, glutamic acid, L-tyrosine, and L-arginine levels, and increased 5-HIAA, L-tryptophan, and linoleic acid levels in plasma. Correlation analysis showed that the affected bacteria were closely related to amino acid metabolism. Most importantly, GU treatment hardly affected biomarkers in feces samples after inhibiting the activity of gut microbes. Collectively, these findings indicate that structural changes in gut flora are closely related to host metabolism and that regulating the gut microbial community structure and function may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GU in migraine.