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Abstract Purpose Small-scale clinical trials have provided evidence suggesting the effectiveness of stem-cell therapy (SCT) for patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of the research was to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of SCT for individuals diagnosed with CD through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Methods A search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), CENTER (Cochrane Library), and Embase (Ovid) to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the impact of SCT on the occurrence of clinical remission (CR) and severe adverse events (SAE) among patients diagnosed with CD. The Cochrane Q test and estimation of I 2 were used to assess heterogeneity among studies. After incorporating heterogeneity, a random-effects model was employed for data pooling. Results Overall, 12 RCTs involving 632 adult patients with medically refractory CD or CD-related fistula were included. In comparison with placebo or no treatment, SCT showed a greater likelihood of CR (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.39–3.12, p

Medical titanium-based (Ti-based) implants in the human body are prone to infection by pathogenic bacteria, leading to implantation failure. Constructing antibacterial nanocoatings on Ti-based implants is one of the most effective strategies to solve bacterial contamination. However, single antibacterial function was not sufficient to efficiently kill bacteria, and it is necessary to develop multifunctional antibacterial methods. This study modifies medical Ti foils with Cu-doped Co3O4 rich in oxygen vacancies, and improves their biocompatibility by polydopamine (PDA/Cu-Ov-Co3O4). Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, nanocoatings can generate •OH and 1O2 due to Cu+ Fenton-like activity and a photodynamic effect of Cu-Ov-Co3O4, and the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) content inside bacteria significantly increases, causing oxidative stress of bacteria. Further experiments prove that the photothermal process enhances the bacterial membrane permeability, allowing the invasion of ROS and metal ions, as well as the protein leakage. Moreover, PDA/Cu-Ov-Co3O4 can downregulate ATP levels and further reduce bacterial metabolic activity after irradiation. This coating exhibits sterilization ability against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with an antibacterial rate of ca. 100%, significantly higher than that of bare medical Ti foils (ca. 0%). Therefore, multifunctional synergistic antibacterial nanocoating will be a promising strategy for preventing bacterial contamination on medical Ti-based implants.

In response to the trend of drug−resistant and super bacteria, the existing single antibacterial methods are not sufficient to kill bacteria, and the development of multifunctional antibacterial nanomaterials is urgent. Our study aims to construct copper−doped polydopamine−coated Ti3C2Tx (CuPDA@Ti3C2Tx) with an enhanced photothermal property and Fenton−like activity. The nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of CuPDA@Ti3C2Tx and alginate can improve the antioxidant activity of two−dimensional MXene nanosheets by coating them with a thin layer of PDA nanofilm. Meanwhile, Cu ions are adsorbed through the coordination of PDA−rich oxygen−containing functional groups and amino groups. Calcium ions were further used to crosslink sodium alginate to obtain antibacterial hydrogel materials with combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy properties. The photothermal conversion efficiency of CuPDA@Ti3C2Tx is as high as 57.7% and the antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli reaches 96.12%. The photothermal effect leads to oxidative stress in bacteria, increases cell membrane permeability, and a high amount of ROS and copper ions enter the interior of the bacteria, causing protein denaturation and DNA damage, synergistically leading to bacterial death. Our study involves a multifunctional synergistic antibacterial nanodrug platform, which is conducive to the development of high−performance antibacterial agents and provides important research ideas for solving the problem of drug−resistant bacteria.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance is affected by the metabolic activity of bacteria and the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process. The deficiency of nanostructures on macroporous anode obstructs the enrichment of exoelectrogens and the EET. Herein, a N-doped carbon nanowire-modified macroporous carbon foam was prepared and served as an anode in MFCs. The anode has a hierarchical porous structure, which can solve the problem of biofilm blockage, ensure mass transport, favor exoelectrogen enrichment, and enhance the metabolic activity of bacteria. The microscopic morphology, spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization of the anode confirm that carbon nanowires can penetrate biofilm, decrease charge resistance, and enhance long-distance electron transfer efficiency. In addition, pyrrolic N can effectively reduce the binding energy and electron transfer distance of bacterial outer membrane hemin. With this hierarchical anode, a maximum power density of 5.32 W/m3 was obtained, about 2.5-fold that of bare carbon cloth. The one-dimensional nanomaterial-modified macroporous anodes in this study are a promising strategy to improve the exoelectrogen enrichment and EET for MFCs.

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that can directly convert chemical energy of organic matter into electrical energy are expected to continuously obtain energy from wastewater. However, the practical application of MFCs is still limited by unsatisfactorily low power output due to low bacterial loading capacity and relatively poor extracellular electron transport (EET) efficiency between anode and electrochemically active biofilm. Herein, hierarchical porous carbon foams (HPCFs) prepared by pyrolyzing nanoscale Fe‐MIL‐88B‐NH2 modified seitan composite were developed as 3D free‐standing MFC anodes. Its marcoporous structure and good biocompatibility favor the bacterial adhesion, while the N‐doped carbon skeleton, abundant mesopores and iron ions boost the bacteria‐electrode charge transfer efficiency. As a result, the HPCF anodes equipped MFCs deliver a maximum power density of 11.21 W m−3 and a current density of 23.11 A m−3, outperforming the most previously reported 3D porous anodes. This study provides a new idea for the design of anodes for high‐performance MFCs.

The deposition of aerosol particles has a significant impact on the output capacity of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, studying the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules is of great importance for improving their output capacity. Particle morphology is one of the important parameters affecting the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles. This study introduces the spherical coefficient as a quantification method for characterizing the morphology of aerosol particles. Numerical simulations using FLUENT 2022 software were conducted to investigate the influence of the spherical coefficient on the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules. The reliability of the numerical simulations was further validated through experimental studies. Based on the research, the following conclusions can be drawn: the airflow velocity near the surface of the photovoltaic panel increases from bottom to top, with the lowest wind speed recorded near the ground at a minimum value of 2.2 m/s and a maximum value of 3.89 m/s. The air pressure near the surface of the photovoltaic panel shows a decreasing trend from bottom to top, with the highest pressure recorded near the ground at a maximum value of 10 pa and a minimum value ranging from 3.33~5.56 pa. During the deposition process, the accumulation of particles increases with an increase in the sphericity factor. Furthermore, as the sphericity factor gradually increases, the distribution of particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panel becomes more dispersed, covering the entire surface.