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A mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle gland is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by a dual population of epithelial and stromal cells. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male patient who presented with a large, 10 cm mass in the left seminal vesicle, which was preliminarily suspected to be a malignant tumor of the seminal vesicle based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Histopathological evaluation, however, revealed a tumor with biphasic epithelial–mesenchymal differentiation, predominantly displaying mesenchymal characteristics. The epithelium and stroma displayed papillary and foliar structures, respectively. The epithelial cells were bland, arranged in either single or multi-layered cuboidal patterns, and the stromal cells were spindle shaped with a sparse distribution. The patient experienced a favorable postoperative outcome. The diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor is challenging based on clinical and imaging findings alone, and definitive diagnosis relies on pathological examination. This case report addresses a rare presentation of low-grade mixed epithelial and stromal tumor in the seminal vesicle gland and aims to expand the understanding of this entity by reviewing the relevant literature.

Amyloid β (Aβ) is pivotal in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by inducing neuron damage. Recent evidences implied that the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was involved in Aβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Cyclophilin D (CypD), which is the essential component of mPTP, could interact with Aβ and promote mPTP formation, resulting in severe mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually cell death. In this study, we demonstrated that a glycopeptide, FMP-6-S4, purified from the fruit of Fructus Mori bond to CypD and suppressed its expression. Furthermore, FMP-6-S4 markedly inhibited the opening of mPTP, the generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium releasing. Mechanistically study showed that FMP-6-S4 could bind to CypD to disrupt the interaction between CypD and Aβ42. Finally, FMP-6-S4 could bind to Aβ42 directly then attenuate cell damage induced by Aβ42 via p53-puma signaling pathway. Together, our results suggest FMP-6-S4 might be a potential candidate for anti-AD drug development.

Abstract Background Extragonadal germ cell tumors originating from the prostate are exceptionally rare. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of mixed germ cell tumors in individuals with 46 XX disorder of sex development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using whole genome sequencing to investigate the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of a submitted case, with the objective of elucidating its underlying pathogenesis. Case presentation A 40-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a combination of 46, XX disorder of sex development and a primary prostate mixed germ cell tumor with yolk sac tumor and teratoma components. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the tumor cells had a high somatic mutational load. Analysis of genomic structural variations and copy number variants confirmed the patient's karyotype as 46, XX (SRY +). Additionally, the patient exhibited short stature, small bilateral testes, slightly enlarged breasts, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and low testosterone levels. Discussion A case of 46, XX disorder of sex development, along with a primary prostatic mixed germ cell tumor, was diagnosed. This diagnosis has contributed to advancing our understanding of the genetic and phenotypic profile of the disease and may provide some insights for its treatment.

Abstract Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), which is a well-known hemorrhagic disorder characterized by low platelet counts, has been shown to be associated with the risk of thrombosis. Thrombopoietic agents (TAs) are extensively used as second-line treatments for ITP, effectively reducing the risk of hemorrhage. However, thrombosis, a potential adverse effect of TAs, raises clinical challenges. Methods The MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant studies, including both single-arm trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), without language restrictions. Results A total of 17 RCTs comprising 2,105 patients and 29 single-arm trials comprising 3,227 patients were included. In the single-arm meta-analysis, the pooled rate of overall thrombotic events in ITP patients receiving TAs was 2.2% (95% CI 1.0% − 3.7%). In RCTs, a higher incidence of thrombosis (33/1425 vs. 4/680) and higher risk ratios (RR) of overall, arterial, and venous thrombotic events (1.73, 95% CI [0.88, 3.39], P = 0.113; RR 1.98, 95% CI [0.80, 4.92], P = 0.141; RR 1.06, 95% CI [0.46, 2.41], P = 0.895, respectively) were observed in the TAs group than in the control group, although the differences were not significant. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that hetrombopag was the only TA with no increased thrombotic risk (rate 0.3% 95% CI [0.0 − 1.5%]; RR 0.76, 95% CI [0.03, 18.41], P = 0.864) compared to eltrombopag, avatrombopag, romiplostim, and rhTPO. Subgroup analyses also revealed that ITP patients with advanced age (3.7% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.132) or with a thrombotic history (3.0% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.257), and patients who received TAs therapy for a long duration (4.7% vs. 0.1%, P

BackgroundKidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. KIRC has a poor prognosis and, to date, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoints is the most promising treatment. However, the role of immune checkpoints in KIRC remains ambiguous.MethodsBioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR were performed to explore and further confirm the prognostic value of immune checkpoint genes and their correlation with immune infiltration in KIRC samples.ResultsThe expression of the immune checkpoint genes CD274, PDCD1LG2, HAVCR2, CTLA4, TIGFT, LAG3, and PDCD1 was upregulated in KIRC tissues. These genes were involved in the activation of the apoptosis pathway in KIRC. Low expression of CD274 and HAVCR2 and high expression of CTLA4 were associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of KIRC patients. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CTLA4, HAVCR2, age, pTNM stage, and tumor grade were independent factors affecting the prognosis of KIRC patients. A predictive nomogram demonstrated that the calibration plots for the 3‐year and 5‐year OS probabilities showed good agreement compared to the actual OS of KIRC patients. The expression of CTLA4 and HAVCR2 were positively associated with immune cell infiltration, immune biomarkers, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. Moreover, miR-20b-5p was identified as a potential miRNA target of CTLA4 in KIRC.ConclusionOur study clarified the prognostic value of several immune checkpoint regulators in KIRC, revealing a CTLA4/miR-20b-5p axis in the control of immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.

Renal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are infrequent vascular morphological anomalies. About 20% of AVMs are congenital renal AVMs (CRAVMs). A 53-year-old female patient presented with a 5-day history of gross hematuria and right flank pain. The patient underwent the selective renal arteriography and embolization under local anesthesia. Renal computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) results showed bleeding of the right renal arteriovenous malformation, both nidus and aneurysm, which indicated that the patient had both cirsoid and cavernosal types of CRAVM. Endovascular management was chosen to treat the patient. The patient was cured and discharged, then followed-up for 3 months. These results show that early identification using radiologic tests is important for diagnosis and treatment of CRAVM.

Purpose: To assess the present landscape and future research directions, a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles (T100 articles) on CRPC research. Methods: A list of the T100 articles investigating CRPC was generated by searching the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Different characteristics of the T100 articles, including the countries/territories, journals, authors, and research areas, were analyzed. Results: The number of citations of T100 articles published between 1992 and 2017 ranged from 282 to 3594, with an average of 654.9 citations. According to the topic of the article, “Mechanisms related to tumor progression or metastasis” ranked first with 41 T100 articles, while immunotherapy ranked fourth with 7 T100 articles. The T100 articles originated from 31 countries, with more than half originating from the USA (n = 89). Professor Scher HI published the most T100 articles as the first author (4) and as the corresponding author (5), while Pro De Bono JS from the Institute of Cancer Research published 3 articles as the first author and 8 articles as the corresponding author. The journal Cancer Research published 20 T100 articles with a total of 8946 citations. The number of T100 articles (r = 0.485, P = 0.01) and the total number of citations (r = 0.626, P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with the IF of the journal. Conclusions: This analysis offers a historical perspective on the progress and attempts to reveal future trends in CRPC research using bibliometric analysis. This study’s results suggest that immunotherapy and the study of androgen receptors as well as their signaling axes will possibly be hot topics and trends in CRPC research.