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Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep hallucination and sleep paralysis, and the vast majority of patients are accompanied by anxiety. There are neuronal interconnections and projections between the neural circuits of narcolepsy and anxiety, which may share common pathophysiology mechanisms, and some medications used clinically to treat cataplexy in narcolepsy may also improve anxiety. In this study, we propose to review the epidemiologic research, pathogenesis and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy with anxiety, with the aim of increasing the diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy with anxiety and improving the prognosis of narcolepsy with anxiety patients.

In order to improve the protective effect of the surface coating of mechanical parts, combining with the unique design concept of medium entropy alloy,(TiAlSi)N coatings were deposited on surface of 316 L stainless steel by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering(PEMS). The chemical composition, crystal structure, micro-morphology and surface roughness of coatings were analyzed using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope(AFM). The bonding strength, hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were tested with nano scratch/indentation instrument. EDS analysis results showed that(TiAlSi)N coating was a medium entropy ceramic coating.(TiAlSi)N coatings possessed an amorphous structure, a smooth and compact surface, and good mechanical properties. The bonding strength, hardness and elastic modulus were 25 N, 21 GPa and 225 GPa, respectively. These experimental results would provide a valuable data reference for further future research on this kind of coating systems.

To investigate the microscopic damage characteristics of rock materials under cyclic dynamic disturbance, granite was chosen as the research object, and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to outperform the cyclic impact test. Besides, with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, the porosity, crosswise relaxation time T2 distribution and magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the rock sample were obtained. The results show that within the range of the rock's elastic limit, the porosity reduces after the dynamic disturbance. The initial and final transverse relaxation time T2 shortens, which indicates the process of cyclic disturbance causes the formation of small pores, where the size and number of large pores decrease. The decrease of porosity does not mean that the number of all kinds of pores decreases; on the contrary, the number of small pores increases, and the decreased number of large pores is the root cause which leads to the decrease of porosity after dynamic disturbance.

Abstract Background Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is one of multifunctional nucleotides and plays an important role in cell biology as a coenzyme interacting with proteins. Revealing the binding sites between protein and ATP is significantly important to understand the functionality of the proteins and the mechanisms of protein-ATP complex. Results In this paper, we propose a novel framework for predicting the proteins’ functional residues, through which they can bind with ATP molecules. The new prediction protocol is achieved by combination of sequence evolutional information and bi-profile sampling of multi-view sequential features and the sequence derived structural features. The hypothesis for this strategy is single-view feature can only represent partial target’s knowledge and multiple sources of descriptors can be complementary. Conclusions Prediction performances evaluated by both 5-fold and leave-one-out jackknife cross-validation tests on two benchmark datasets consisting of 168 and 227 non-homologous ATP binding proteins respectively demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protocol. Our experimental results also reveal that the residue structural characteristics of real protein-ATP binding sites are significant different from those normal ones, for example the binding residues do not show high solvent accessibility propensities, and the bindings prefer to occur at the conjoint points between different secondary structure segments. Furthermore, results also show that performance is affected by the imbalanced training datasets by testing multiple ratios between positive and negative samples in the experiments. Increasing the dataset scale is also demonstrated useful for improving the prediction performances.

Abstract Background The effects of enterolignans, e.g., enterodiol (END) and particularly its oxidation product, enterolactone (ENL), on prevention of hormone-dependent diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer and menopausal syndrome, have attracted much attention. To date, the main way to obtain END and ENL is chemical synthesis, which is expensive and inevitably leads to environmental pollution. To explore a more economic and eco-friendly production method, we explored biotransformation of enterolignans from precursors contained in defatted flaxseeds by human intestinal bacteria. Results We cultured fecal specimens from healthy young adults in media containing defatted flaxseeds and detected END from the culture supernatant. Following selection through successive subcultures of the fecal microbiota with defatted flaxseeds as the only carbon source, we obtained a bacterial consortium, designated as END-49, which contained the smallest number of bacterial types still capable of metabolizing defatted flaxseeds to produce END. Based on analysis with pulsed field gel electrophoresis, END-49 was found to consist of five genomically distinct bacterial lineages, designated Group I-V, with Group I strains dominating the culture. None of the individual Group I-V strains produced END, demonstrating that the biotransformation of substrates in defatted flaxseeds into END is a joint work by different members of the END-49 bacterial consortium. Interestingly, Group I strains produced secoisolariciresinol, an important intermediate of END production; 16S rRNA analysis of one Group I strain established its close relatedness with Klebsiella. Genomic analysis is under way to identify all members in END-49 involved in the biotransformation and the actual pathway leading to END-production. Conclusion Biotransformation is a very economic, efficient and environmentally friendly way of mass-producing enterodiol from defatted flaxseeds.

Cloud storage enables users to obtain cheap online storage services on demand through network connection anytime and anywhere.However,due to the untrustability of cloud service providers,third-party institutions and users as well as the inevitable malicious attacks,there are many security vulnerabilities of cloud storage.Blockchain has the potential to build a trusted platform with its characteristics of decentralization,persistence,anonymity and auditability.Therefore,the research on cloud storage security mechanism based on blockchain technology has become a research trend.Based on this,the security architecture of cloud sto-rage system and the security of blockchain technology are first outlined,then the literature review and comparative analysis are conducted from four aspects of access control,integrity verification,data deduplication and data provenance.Finally,the technical challenges of blockchain-based cloud storage security mechanism are analyzed,summarized and prospected.