Search

The research is used to minimize incidents in welding work, complying with the ANSI Z49.1 standard establishing safety requirements for welding, cutting, and related processes, protecting workers through adequate equipment, training, and safe procedures, to safeguard workers and demonstrate social responsibility. Its goal is to improve safety, comply with legal regulations, and increase labor efficiency. The specific objectives include assessing risks, measuring the severity and frequency of incidents, and promoting a safety culture through training and scheduled inspections in a metalworking company. This is an explanatory scope, pre-experimental design, application type, and quantitative methodology study. The study population includes all work incidents recorded monthly at the Chilca site (a district located in the province of Cañete, south of Lima, Peru), specifically in the welding area, without using a sample, working with all welding area workers at this site. The study reveals a significant increase of 20,83% in conducting Industrial Safety Management training and inspections, from Pre-Test to Post-Test. Additionally, a notable decrease of 268,47 work incidents per 200.000 hours worked is highlighted, resulting in a reduction of 150,71 in the IF and 386,22 in the IG. These findings indicate substantial improvements in workplace safety, supported by statistical evidence and demonstrating significant benefits in the implementation of industrial safety practices. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed with a significant regression coefficient (p-value=0,042), indicating that Industrial Safety Management based on the ANSI Z49.1 standard is associated with a notable reduction of 268,47 work incidents. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were also supported by significant regression coefficients (p-values: 0,039 and 0,042, respectively), demonstrating that Scheduled Training and Scheduled Inspections contribute to specific reductions in the IF and IG in Work Incidents, respectively.

Wildlife rescue centres are specialised units with ecological, conservational and veterinary medical activities, which include treatment, rehabilitation, breeding and releasing rare and endangered wild animals into their natural habitat, as well as environmental education. These centres provide an opportunity to monitor ongoing ecological changes in wildlife, environmental pollution and emerging diseases. With the present study, we aimed to analyse the causes and conservation status of the largest wildlife rehabilitation centre in Bulgaria. A total of 18,720 patients, from 26 orders with various conservation statuses and different etiology, have been admitted to the rehabilitation centre for over 25 years. The summarised results showed that 40% of the patients were admitted with an unknown etiology and the proportion of anthropogenic causes was 18%. Natural factors related to incidents with wild animals were 32%, while a share of 10% of the wildlife which resided at the WRBC referred to a part of re-introduction programmes. This type of analysis of wildlife rehabilitation centres could provide useful information about the status of populations and ecosystems, as well as support conservation practices.

Abstract Background Patient safety is defined as the prevention of harm to patients and aims to prevent errors. This analysis explores factors associated with the reported occurrence of patient safety incidents (PSIs) in general practices in Ireland at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The PRICOV-19 was a cross-sectional study to record the (re)organisation of care provided in general practice and changes implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in 38 countries. Primary outcomes include three potential scenarios of PSIs: delayed care due to practice factors, delayed care due to patient factors, and delayed care due to triage. Exploratory variables included demographic and organisational characteristics, triage, collaboration, and strategies to safeguard staff members’ well-being. Results Of the 172 participating Irish general practices, 71% (n = 122) recorded at least one potential PSI. The most frequent incident was delayed care due to patient factors (65%), followed by practice (33%) and triage (30%). Multivariate analysis showed that delayed care due to patient factors was associated with changes in the process of repeat prescriptions (OR 6.7 [CI 95% 2.5 to 19.6]). Delayed care due to practice factors was associated with suburbs/small towns (OR 4.2 [1.1 to 19.8]) and structural changes to the reception (OR 3.5 [1.2 to 11.4]). While delayed care due to patient factors was associated with having a practice population of 6000–7999 patients (OR 4.7 [1.1 to 27.6]) and delayed care due to practice factors was associated with having a practice population of 2000–3999 patients (OR 4.2 [1.2 to 17.1]). No linear associations were observed with higher or lower patient numbers for any factor. Delayed care due to triage was not associated with any exploratory variables. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in dramatic changes in the delivery of care through general practices in Ireland. Few factors were associated with the reported occurrence of PSIs, and these did not show consistent patterns. Sustained improvements were made in relation to repeat prescriptions. The lack of consistent patterns, potentially confirms that the autonomous decisions made in general practice in response to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic could have benefitted patient safety (See Graphical abstract). Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Powered wheelchairs and motorised mobility scooters, collectively called powered mobility devices (PMD), are highly valued by older Australians, including those living in residential care, to facilitate personal and community mobility. The number of PMDs in residential aged care is expected to grow proportionally with that of the wider community, however, there is very little literature on supporting residents to use PMDs safely. Prior to developing such supports, it is important to understand the frequency and nature of any incidents experienced by residents whilst using a PMD. The aim of this study was to determine the number and characteristics of PMD use related incidents occurring in a group of residential aged care facilities in a single year in one state in Australia including incident type, severity, assessment, or training received and outcomes on follow-up for PMD users living in residential aged care. Methods Analysis of secondary data, including documentation of PMD incidents and injuries for one aged care provider group over 12 months retrospectively. Follow-up data were gathered 9–12 months post incident to review and record the outcome for each PMD user. Results No fatalities were recorded as a direct result of PMD use and 55 incidents, including collisions, tips, and falls, were attributed to 30 residents. Examination of demographics and incident characteristics found that 67% of residents who had incurred incidents were male, 67% were over 80 years of age, 97% had multiple diagnoses and 53% had not received training to use a PMD. Results from this study were extrapolated to project that 4,453 PMD use related incidents occur every year within Australian residential aged care facilities, with the potential for outcomes such as extended recovery, fatality, litigation, or loss of income. Conclusion This is the first time that detailed incident data on PMD use in residential aged care has been reviewed in an Australian context. Illuminating both the benefits and the potential risks of PMD use emphasizes the need to develop and improve support structures to promote safe PMD use in residential aged care.

Safety in aviation has various connotations. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), it is a state in which the possibility of harm to people and property is minimised and maintained within a continuous process of identifying threats and managing safety risks at an acceptable level or below an acceptable level. Actions related to threat identification can be reactive, proactive, or predictive. Reactive actions aim to verify what happened, why, and how to prevent it from recurring. For this purpose, incidents that occurred in the past are analysed. By Polish law, the Commission for Investigating Aviation Accidents investigates accidents and serious incidents, while incidents mostly fall under the responsibility of the aviation organisation in which the incident occurred. Therefore, this article aims to identify threats causing incidents. Three thousand two hundred aviation incidents reported between 2017 and 2022 to the Civil Aviation Office as part of the mandatory and voluntary event reporting system were analysed. The identified causes, due to the diversity of their description, were divided into four groups. The first group consists of human factors, representing inadequate actions by pilots, crews, or individuals who caused a situation of danger. The second group comprises errors in the operation of technical objects, including aircraft. This group also includes situations where foreign objects violate airspace or minimum conditions are breached. The next group includes environmental causes such as wild animals, birds, and weather conditions. The last group consists of procedures related to flight phases.

Abstract Background Both patients and health care providers working in mental health facilities witness high rates of incidents that have the potential to jeopardize their safety. Despite this, there are few studies that have documented the kind of incidents that are experienced, or explored the potential contributors to these incidents, and solutions that would result in better safety. This study explored various types of safety related incidents occurring in mental facilities in Kenya, perceived contributing factors, and recommendations for improve. Methods This qualitative descriptive study was carried out between December 2019 – February 2020. It included 28 mental health staff across 14 mental health unit spread across the country. Results All the participants reported having personally experienced an incident that threatened their safety or that of the patients. Most of the respondents (24/26. 91.67%) admitted to have experienced verbal aggression while 54.17%, (n = 24) had experienced physical assault. Participating health care workers attributed the safety incidents to poor infrastructure, limited human resources, and inadequate medication to calm down agitated patients. Suggested solutions to improve patient safety included; improving surveillance systems, hiring more specialized healthcare workers, and provision of adequate supplies such as short-acting injectable psychotropic. Conclusion Incidents that threaten patient and staff safety are common in mental health facilities in Kenya. There is need to strengthen staff capacity and reporting mechanisms, as well as invest in infrastructural improvements, to safeguard patient and staff safety in mental health facilities in Kenya.

Relevance the issues of patient care and quality management have acquired particular relevance in modern healthcare. Improvement in the clinical performance of medical technologies has led to a significant reduction in deaths and complications associated with the disease and side effects of interventions. As a result, the share of additional harm related to the process of providing medical services has become more noticeable. Accurate data regarding the type, frequency and severity of active threats and incidents they cause are needed to reduce the likelihood and severity of additional harm. In this respect, emergency medical care is the subject of special attention and is characterized by the greatest difficulty in terms of obtaining valid and relevant information about deviations associated with health worker performance, equipment operation and patient behavior.The aim of the study was to explore the main epidemiological characteristics of medical errors and incidents associated with the provision of emergency medical care.Material and methods We present a literature review followed by an analytical study of the epidemiology of incidents and active threats (including medical errors) that precede those incidents in various areas of emergency medical care. By an incident, the authors understood an event with a patient that was more related to the process of providing medical care than to the course of the disease or comorbid conditions which led or could lead to causing additional harm. Active threats included events that subsequently became the direct cause of the incident (medical errors and malpractice, mistakes and deviations in patient behavior, emergency situations in the physical environment). By the “mortality from adverse events”, the authors understood the proportion of deaths from adverse events among all hospitalized patients. By the concept of “lethality associated with adverse events”, the authors denoted the proportion of deaths from adverse events among all the patients affected by adverse events. The search for information was carried out for the period of 1995–2021 using the following medical databases: medline; cochrane collaboration; embase; scopus; isi web of science. For analysis, we used prospective and retrospective observational studies of high methodological quality, meta-analyses and systematic reviews. For the statistical evaluation of frequency characteristics, indicators of incidence, prevalence, and incidence density were used. The calculation of generalized frequency indicators for large samples was carried out with a 95% confidence interval.Results The epidemiology of medical errors and incidents depends on the area in which emergency care is provided. For prehospital emergency medical care, there are 12.45 medical errors and 4.50 incidents with consequences for every 100 visits. In emergency departments, one in fourteen patients suffers additional harm which in 10.14% of cases has severe consequences, and in 3.18% of cases leads to unexpected death. In intensive care units, incidents related to the provision of medical care are recorded in every third patient in the amount of 1.55 per 1 patient. Of these, 58.67% of incidents are accompanied by harm, but the fatality associated with the incidents is only 0.77%. The prevalence of patients affected by incidents during the provision of anesthesia for children is almost 2 times higher than for adults (4.79% vs. 2.03%). At the same time, mortality due to anesthesia-related incidents in children is 11 times lower than in adults (0.27% versus 3.09%). The author draws attention to a number of factors contributing to the development of incidents during the provision of emergency medical care. These include environmental complexity, suboptimal configuration of the workspace, technological interface complexity, the effects of acute stress on performers, and organizational vulnerabilities. A special role was assigned to environmental complexity which was studied in detail both in terms of the complexity of the tasks being solved, and in connection with obstacles to solving problems. It was shown that the intensity of the influence of various components of environmental complexity is not the same in different departments providing emergency care. Particular attention was paid to the fact that organizational vulnerabilities reduce the effectiveness of protective mechanisms during the interaction of the human factor with a complex environment.Conclusion The study showed that the provision of emergency medical care is associated with moderately high risks of incidents, including severe and critical consequences for patients. The main factor contributing to the development of incidents is environmental complexity which becomes much harder to counter under the influence of organizational vulnerabilities. Identification and registration of errors and incidents in units providing medical care is difficult due to the short time of contact with patients, the high speed of situation update, and the constant impact of chronic and acute stressors on staff. In this connection, the optimization and improvement of the efficiency of the system for recording errors and incidents in departments providing emergency medical care remains an area for improvement.

The 3Rs principle is highly topical in animal-based research. These include, above all, new scientific methods for conducting experiments without an animal model, by using non-animal models (Replace), reducing the number of laboratory animals (Reduction) or taking measures to keep the stress on the laboratory animal as low as possible (Refinement). Despite numerous modern alternative approaches, the complete replacement of animal experiments is not yet possible.The exchange in the team about the daily work with laboratory animals, about open questions and problems, contributes to a reflection of one’s own work and to a better understanding of the work of the others. CIRS-LAS (Critical Incident Reporting System in Laboratory Animal Science) represents a reporting system for incidents in laboratory animal science. It is urgently needed because the lack of transparency about incidents leads to the repetition of failed experiments. Negative experiences from animal-based experiments are often not mentioned in publications, and the fear of hostility is still very high. Therefore, a constructive approach to errors is not a matter of course. To overcome this barrier, CIRS-LAS was created as a web-based database. It addresses the areas of reduction and refinement of the 3Rs principle by providing a platform to collect and analyze incidents. CIRS-LAS is open to all individuals working with laboratory animals worldwide and currently exists with 303 registered members, 52 reports, and an average of 71 visitors per month.The development of CIRS-LAS shows, that an open and constructive error culture is difficult to establish. Nevertheless, the upload of a case report or the search in the database leads to an active reflection of critical occurrences. Thus, it is an important step towards more transparency in laboratory animal science. As expected, the collected events in the database concern different categories and animal species and are primarily reported by persons involved in an experiment. However, reliable conclusions about observed effects require further analysis and continuous collection of case reports. Looking at the development of CIRS-LAS, its high potential is shown in considering the 3Rs principle in daily scientific work.

Collisions between wildlife and vehicles or roadkill remain a persistent issue. This poses a significant threat to the safety of both wildlife and drivers. The lack of systematically managed roadkill records poses challenges for nationwide research and comprehensive assessment in South Korea. Since 2018, the Ministry of Environment (MOE), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT), and National Institute of Ecology (NIE) in South Korea have been implementing roadkill investigations and management. The areas selected for roadkill mitigation measures were determined through hotspot analysis based on nationwide roadkill data collected using the Korean Roadkill Observation System (KROS), an integrated online platform. In this study, the top 50 roadkill hotspots were selected, and appropriate mitigation measures, including wildlife fences, warning signs, and speed enforcement cameras, were implemented. A total of 190.6 km of wildlife fences, 75 warning signs, and 27 speed enforcement cameras were installed. The results of these implementations revealed an average reduction in roadkill incidents of 80.2%. Subsequently, we compared and analyzed roadkill incidents before and after these mitigation measures were implemented. The comparative analysis based on hotspot grades showed that areas with lower grades had relatively lower reductions in roadkill incidents. Moreover, the study showed that the presence of multiple mitigation measures in a single area did not significantly differ from the effects of a single mitigation measure. This research will contribute to an enhanced understanding of roadkill mitigation measures and aid in preventing wildlife accidents on the road.

The term ‘musicalization’ comes from Aldous Huxley’s novel Point Counter Point where it denotes the use of music-derived models in fiction. The oeuvre of Russian writer Daniil Kharms (1905–1942) provides telling examples of such an approach to constructing both prose and poetry, as in his works, the conventional features of art prose and art poetry are, as a rule, considerably reduced. Kharms’s pieces, typically, consist of discrete ‘incidents’, which can be compared to musical motifs or themes; their organization into finished works is often based upon principles that have their recognizable counterparts in art music of different epochs. Some of Kharms’s texts quoted and commented on in the article show affinities with compositional ideas by major twentieth-century composers such as Alban Berg, Witold Lutosławski, Morton Feldman, Gérard Grisey, and Sofia Gubaydulina.

Abstract Background Healthcare is not without risk. Despite two decades of policy focus and improvement efforts, the global incidence of harm remains stubbornly persistent, with estimates suggesting that 10% of hospital patients are affected by adverse events. Methods We explore how current investigative responses can compound the harm for all those affected—patients, families, health professionals and organizations—by neglecting to appreciate and respond to the human impacts. We suggest that the risk of compounded harm may be reduced when investigations respond to the need for healing alongside system learning, with the former having been consistently neglected. Discussion We argue that incident responses must be conceived within a relational as well as a regulatory framework, and that this—a restorative approach—has the potential to radically shift the focus, conduct and outcomes of investigative processes. Conclusion The identification of the preconditions and mechanisms that enable the success of restorative approaches in global health systems and legal contexts is required if their demonstrated potential is to be realized on a larger scale. The policy must be co‐created by all those who will be affected by reforms and be guided by restorative principles. Patient or Public Contribution This viewpoint represents an international collaboration between a clinician academic, safety scientist and harmed patient and family members. The paper incorporates key findings and definitions from New Zealand's restorative response to surgical mesh harm, which was co‐designed with patient advocates, academics and clinicians.

Abstract Fifteen percent of the total volume produced is lost, which has become a major problem for water resource management in Algeria. The number of high leakages reduces the performance of the drinking water supply network. The disturbance of the drinking water supply observed by the citizens resulted from several incidents occurring mainly on the axis of production or distribution (e.g., breakage, leakage, pollution, electrical problems, and drought). To manage these incidents and for water distribution monitoring in the high-level strategic plan, monitoring and control software was developed for the Algerian Water Company (ADE). This software is an essential tool that helps managers of water resources to monitor the water supply situation throughout the national territory to ameliorate water public services. This dynamic software has been in use since 2016.

This paper presents a developed tool for automated security incident reporting in passive optical networks. This tool interacts with our programmable development card, developed detection modules, and TheHive project. The custom implementation of the solution has resulted in anomaly reporting templates for xPON networks that can be universally applied and new definitions of indicators of compromise. The custom implementation consists of a collector and middleware layer between the programmable card and Apache Kafka.

A substantial part of traffic congestion is triggered by unplanned incidents such as crashes, breakdowns and hazards, reducing road capacity and increasing the delays, pollution, and productivity losses. Previous studies on incident duration have focussed on individual incidents and the influencing factors that could be obtained directly from the incident description. Consequently, the explanatory variables were more localized, and the impacts of broader macro-level factors were not explored. This contrasts with the studies on incident frequency, where the influencing factors are typically collected at a macro-level. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of various factors associated with reported vehicle breakdown duration at a macro-level. Street network characteristics such as connectivity, density, and hierarchy were included as covariates, in addition to the demographic, vehicle utilization, and environmental variables. The dataset contains over 72,000 vehicle breakdowns records within 4.5 years (January 2012 to June 2016) in Greater Sydney, Australia involving 44 SA3s (Statistical Area Level 3). After a principal component dimension reduction of independent variables, a fixed-parameters accelerated failure time (AFT) hazard-based model with underlying log-logistic, log-normal and Weibull distributions were used in this analysis. Weibull hazard distribution with gamma frailty and the latent class models were also considered to account for unobserved heterogeneity. The latent class model provides the best fit where road network connectivity, hierarchy, and familiarity factors are considered to have both positive and negative impact on duration; higher road network density, mixed land-use, and spatial disorientation of roads are associated with longer duration; and higher income and exposure (vehicle kilometres travelled) are associated with shorter duration. The results will help incident management agencies to better allocate current response resources and predict the resources required in the future. Besides, the results associated with network structure measures can provide valuable insights to community planning authorities to manage unplanned congestion.

For nearly two years, the world has been facing a common crisis as Covid-19. In the meantime, governments have suffered a wide variety of damages and costs, and damage to human capital and the loss of health professionals is one of the irreparable costs of health systems in all governments. During this crisis, health care systems and specialists were exposed to special occupational hazards over specific periods of time, and the exposure of the medical staff to these hazards in hospitals led to a number of opportunistic incidents. Investigation of opportunistic incidents can help identify the sources of occupational hazards of medical staff and lead to proper management of risks associated with these accidents. This article aims to draw researchers' attention to opportunistic incidents during the Covid 19 pandemic as a global crisis in hospitals.

Vehicular incidents, especially those involving tractor trailers, are increasing in number every year. These events are extremely costly for fleets, in terms of damage or loss of property, loss of efficiency, and certainly in terms of loss of life. Although the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is responsible for performing inspections, and fleet managers are encouraged to maintain their fleet and participate in regular inspections, it is uncertain whether these inspections are occurring at a frequency that is necessary to prevent incidents. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) of the DOT manages and maintains the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) dataset, which contains all incident and inspection data regarding commercial vehicles in the U.S. The purpose of this preliminary analysis was to explore the MCMIS dataset through spatiotemporal analyses, to uncover findings that may hint at potential improvements in the DOT inspection process and highlight location-specific trends in the dataset. These analyses are novel, as previous research using the MCMIS dataset only examined the data at the state or county level, not at a national scale. The results from the analyses pinpointed specific major metropolitan areas, namely Harris County (Houston), Texas, and three of the New York boroughs (Kings, Queens, and the Bronx), which were found to have increasing incident rates during the study period (2016–2020). An overview of potential causal factors contributing to this increase are provided as well as an overview of the inspection process, and suggestions for improvement relative to the highlighted locations in Texas and New York are also provided. Ultimately, it is suggested that the incorporation of advanced technology and automation may prove beneficial in reducing the occurrence of events that lead to incidents and may also help in the inspection process.

Abstract Objective: To complement the 2020 ANZJPH editorial “How COVID‐safe Santa can save Christmas”. In addition to a concise update regarding SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19, we aimed to explore some risks of Christmas in terms of adverse health effects, which we call ‘Chrishaps’. Our overall study question was “which hazards have been scientifically associated with old Christmas essentials such as decoration, gifts, menus, and Santa himself, as well as new challenges associated with COVID‐19?” Method: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Open Grey databases systematically and Google unsystematically. Results: Thirty‐six pertinent articles – most of them case reports or retrospective analyses – documented Chrishaps. Conclusion: Overall results suggested that Chrishaps come in different shapes and guises. Implications for public health: Chrishaps pose a potential minor public health threat that should be borne in mind every festive season. Assessing and discussing specific public health implications of Chrishaps requires systematic risk research to be conducted.

Introduction: Uncertainty and sudden occurrence of disasters require special attention and nurses, as the largest human resource, have a critical role in maintaining and promoting the health. The use of telenursing care during disaster is an applicable way to provide care. The aim of this was to prioritizing telenursing care in disasters from the view of nurses. Method: This descriptive-analytical study was part of a larger mixed methods on prioritizing telenursing care in disasters from the view of nurses. Samples were selected using census. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The prioritizing extracted care included:(1) Management of trauma, (2) Technical skills, (3) Care and decision-making in stressful situations (triage), (4) Management of patients with special needs, (5) Life-saving intervention, and (6) Psychological and emotional supports. Conclusion: According to the shortage of specialized nurses in disastrous areas, a telenursing program will provide a new window and provide help to victims of disasters.

Despite the importance of speaking up for patient safety, hesitancy to do so remains a major contributing factor to communication failure. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of South Korean nurses in speaking up to prevent patient safety incidents. Twelve nurses responsible for patient safety tasks or with experience in patient safety education were recruited from five hospitals (three university hospitals, two general hospitals) in city “B”. Data were collected through open-ended questions and in-depth interviews, transcribed, and analyzed using the inductive content analysis method. The study resulted in the identification of four main categories and nine subcategories that captured commonalities among the experience of the 12 nurses. The four main categories were as follows: the current scenario of speaking up, barriers to speaking up, strategies for speaking, and confidence training. There is a scarcity of research on speaking-up experiences for patient safety among nurses in South Korean. Overall, it is necessary to overcome cultural barriers and establish an environment that encourages speaking up. In addition, developing speaking-up training programs for nursing students and novice nurses is imperative to prevent patient safety incidents.

Abstract Background An incident command structure is commonly used to manage responses to major incidents. In the hospital incident command structure, the medical officer in charge (MOC) is in a key position. The decision-making process is essential to effective management, but little is known about which factors influence the process. Therefore, the current study aimed to describe factors influencing decision-making of MOCs. Methods A conventional content analysis was conducted based on 16 individual interviews with medical doctors who had been deployed as MOCs at Swedish hospitals during major incidents. Results The results showed that the decision-making and re-evaluation process was a comprehensive analysis influenced by three categories of factors: event factors, including consequences from the type of event, levels of uncertainty and the circumstances; organizational factors, including the doctor’s role, information management and the response to the event; and personal factors, such as competence, personality and mental preparedness. Conclusions Reliable and timely information management structure enabling the gathering and analysis of essential information, a clear command structure and appropriate personal qualities were essential and contributed to successful MOCs decision making in major incidents.

Objectif. Le but de cette étude était de décrire les incidents et les accidents liées à la pratique d’anesthésie dans l’Est algérien. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’agit d’une enquête transversale a été´ menée de façon prospective sur 05 jours donnée au cours de l’année 2015 et l’année 2016. Un questionnaire pour chaque intervention anesthésique au bloc opératoire fournissait les informations sur les caractéristiques des patients victimes d’un incident et/ou accident liée à l’anesthésie, ainsi sur les types d’accidents et/ou accidents attribués à l’anesthésie. Résultats. 57 établissements hospitaliers ont participé à notre enquête, soit 82,61% des établissements hospitaliers de l’Est Algérien.910 patients ont bénéficié d’une intervention anesthésique au bloc opératoire, dont 342 ont présenté des évènements indésirables en per-opératoire. La tranche d’âge la plus touchée en matière des incidents et/ou accidents peropératoires est celle de 50 à 59 ans, suivie de la tranche d’âge ≥ à 60 ans avec une prédominance de sexe féminin (56,7%), tandis que 42,3% des incidents et accidents sont attribués à la classe ASA 1. Les incidents et les accidents hémodynamiques sont au premier rang, tandis que chez l’enfant les évènements indésirables d’ordre respiratoires représentent la majorité des incidents et accidents liés à la pratique de l’anesthésie pédiatrique. Conclusion. Le présent travail permet de déclencher une dynamique au sein de la communauté des anesthésistes-réanimateurs, toute en mobilisant les responsables médicaux, administratifs, ainsi que les sociétés savantes sur plusieurs questions pou

(1) Background: This study examines the differences in emotions induced by accidents and incidents as emotional stimuli and the effects on pilot situation awareness (SA) after induction. (2) Method: Forty-five jet pilots were randomly divided into three groups after which their emotions were induced using the pictures of accident, incident, and neutral stimulus, respectively. (3) Results: The conditions of accidents and incidents both induced changes in the pilots’ happiness and sadness and the changes in the emotion were regulated by the emotional intelligence of pilots in the high SA group. The emotion induction, which caused a direct change in pilot’s happiness and fear, resulted in conditions that indirectly affected level 1 of SA in pilots. (4) Conclusions: The research elucidates the difference between accident and incident in inducing pilot emotions, and reminds us that SA level exerts the regulating effects on the same emotional induction conditions.

The article describes the target skills of the "Applied Information Security Issues" training course in terms of the international standard for digital skills SFIA 7 and the course content by topic with a brief description. The expected learning outcomes for each topic are formulated and the skills developed with the corresponding topic are indicated. The emphasis in this course is made on the disclosure of issues related to ensuring reliable information security of organizations, in particular, on the development of skills such as: digital forensics, corporate information security and information support of the organization. The article actually substantiates the innovative value of such a course, since now in specialized universities there is little educational material on digital forensics. The importance of this knowledge for future representatives of the ICT industry cannot be overemphasized, as well as the skills of a strategic approach to ensuring the information security of an entire enterprise. The article also provides an assessment of the experience of implementing the first of these training courses, which was successfully delivered in spring 2020. At present, the authors of the article continue to teach the training course "Applied Issues of Information Security" for graduate students of the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Introduction. Breast cancer is a serious medical and social challenge and the statistics around the world look daunting.Relevance. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in most countries and this may be due to a number of reasons. First of all, it should be noted the improvement of diagnostic methods, in particular, mass mammographic screening, which allows detecting neoplasms at early stages, before the onset of clinical symptoms. As for mortality rates, in recent years, world statistics show a downward trend in rates.Goal. To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) in the Moscow Region (MO) for the period from 2011 to 2018. The study of indicators in one of the regions of Russia – MO – is of great importance for determining and predicting the true needs of the population in specialized medical care.The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence of breast cancer (breast cancer) in the Moscow Region (MO) for a period of time from 2011 to 2018.Materials and methods. Some data of the territorial cancer registry of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer were used, which will make it possible to determine the needs of this cohort of patients in specialized care.Results. From 2011 to 2018, 26755 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the Moscow Region. The analysis of the comparative stratification in breast cancer in the medical district made it possible to obtain statistically significant differences indicating an increase in the incidence in the period from 2015–2018 in comparison with the period of 2011–2014. The presented data also indicate a trend towards a decrease in the one-year mortality rate over 8 years: from 6.33% in 2011 to 5.32% in 2018. For the period from 2011 to 2018 (8 years) there is an increase in the number of patients with breast cancer who have been in the medical center under dispensary supervision for 5 years or more.Conclusions. Analysis of the data obtained on the indicators of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms is of great importance for determining the needs of the population in specialized medical care.

Abstract Background Task shifting and task sharing in health care are rapidly becoming more common as the shortage of physicians increases. However, research has not yet examined the changing roles of hospital administrative staff. This study clarified: (1) the adverse incidents caused by hospital administrative staff, and the direct and indirect impact of these incidents on patient care; and (2) the incidents that directly involved hospital administrative staff. Methods This study used case report data from the Japan Council for Quality Health care collected from April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2019, including a total of 30,823 reports. In April 2020, only the 88 self-reported incidents by hospital administrative staff were downloaded, excluding incidents reported by those in medical and co-medical occupations. Data from three reports implicating pharmacists were rejected and the quantitative and textual data from the remaining 85 case reports were analyzed in terms of whether they impacted patient care directly or indirectly. Results Thirty-nine reports (45.9%) involved direct impact on patient care, while 46 (54.1%) involved indirect impact on patient care. Most incidents that directly impacted patient care involved administrative staff writing prescriptions on behalf of a doctor (n = 24, 61.5%); followed by errors related to system administration, information, and documentation (n = 7, 17.9%). Most reported errors that indirectly affected patient care were related to system administration, information, and documentation used by administrative staff (n = 22, 47.8%), or to reception (n = 9, 19.6%). Almost all errors occurred during weekdays. Most frequent incidents involved outpatients (n = 23, 27.1%), or occurred next to examination/operation rooms (n = 12, 14.1%). Further, a total of 14 cases (16.5%) involved patient misidentification. Conclusions Incidents involving hospital administrative staff, the most common of which are medication errors from incorrect prescriptions, can lead to severe consequences for patients. Given that administrative staff now form a part of medical treatment teams, improvements in patient care may require further submission and review of incident reports involving administrative staff.

Despite rapid advances in automated text processing, many related tasks in transit and other transportation agencies are still performed manually. For example, incident management reports are often manually processed and subsequently stored in a standardized format for later use. The information contained in such reports can be valuable for many reasons: identification of issues with response actions, underlying causes of each incident, impacts on the system, etc. In this article, we develop a comprehensive, pragmatic automated framework for analyzing rail incident reports to support a wide range of applications and functions, depending on the constraints of the available data. The objectives are twofold: a) extract information that is required in the standard report forms (automation), and b) extract other useful content and insights from the unstructured text in the original report that would have otherwise been lost/ignored (knowledge discovery). The approach is demonstrated through a case study involving analysis of 23,728 records of general incidents in the London Underground (LU). The results show that it is possible to automatically extract delays, impacts on trains, mitigating strategies, underlying incident causes, and insights related to the potential actions and causes, as well as accurate classification of incidents into predefined categories.

Adequate comprehension of the genomics of microbial resistance to an antimicrobial agent will advance knowledge on the management of associated pathologies and public health safety. However, continued emergences and reemergence of pathogens, including Vibrio species, hallmarks a potential knowledge gap. A clear understanding of the process and forecast of the next trend should be in place to nip in the bud, microbial acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, this two-decade (1 January 2000 to 31 December 2019) systematic review and meta-analytical study articulated the prevalence and incidence of antibiotics resistance genes in Vibrio species isolated from environmental samples. Articles from the Web of Science and PubMed electronic databases was engaged. Heterogeneity of the data and bias were analyzed with random effect model meta-analysis and funnel plot. A total of 1920 Vibrio sp. were reported by the ten selected articles included in this study; out of which 32.39% of identified isolates displayed antimicrobial resistance and associated genes. The distribution of antibiotics resistance genes in Vibrio sp., reported within six countries was 21% tetracycline (tet), and 20% sulphonamide (sul) and β-lactamase (bla) respectively. The quinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes showed 32.97% (95% CI 0.18–0.53) prevalence while chloramphenicol, macrolides and aminoglycoside resistance genes are expressed in percentages as 28.67% (95% CI 0.15–0.47) and β-lactamase resistance genes 27.93% (95% CI 0.11–0.56) respectively. The Vibrio antibiotics resistance genes (V-ARG) distribution depicts no regular trend or pattern from the analyzed data. Consequently, more studies would be required to articulate the structure of cohesion in the distribution of the resistance determinants in microbes.

ABSTRACT Until recently, accident indicators were analysed separately due to the methods employed, however, the joint use of neural networks and clustering techniques has proven to be an excellent tool for analysing how accidents occur. As such, the aim of this study was to use neural networks and cluster analysis on accident indicators involving tractors on federal highways in the south-east of Brazil. A total of 496 incidents were analysed between 2007 and 2016. The indicators for the accidents under evaluation were time, type of accident, cause of accident, weather conditions, condition of the victims, road layout and federated state. The use of neural networks was based on self-organising maps (SOM), hierarchical clustering employing dendrograms, and non-hierarchical clustering employing the k-means coefficient. Using these techniques, it was possible to divide the incidents into 18 accident groups, of which 11 were represented by the state of Minas Gerais, one group where casualties were predominant, and one group with fatalities. It proved possible to analyse the factors that led to the accident, together with its consequences. Machine traffic during periods of low natural light on straight roads caused rear-end collisions, with casualties and fatalities

Introduction: Since Gagarin became the first human to travel into space and complete one orbit around the Earth, on 12 April 1961, the number of manned spaceflights has increased significantly. Spaceflight is still complex and has potential risk for incidents and accidents. The aim of this study was to analyze how safe it is for humans to travel in space. Objectives: This paper, therefore, summarizes incidents and accidents covering the six decades of manned spaceflight (1961–2020). Material and methods: Extensive PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar searches were made with search strings of “incidents”, “accident”, “spaceflight”, and “orbit”, and including all vehicles so far. Search terms were combined by AND or OR in search strings. Of the results obtained, studies which evaluated manned spaceflight were included in the study. Data from the National Aeronautics Space Agency (NASA), the Russian Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Chinese Space Agency (CNSA), as well as from the Virgin Galactic and the SpaceX databases, were searched to complete data and to identify all the accomplished manned spaceflights, as well as all incidents and accidents that have occurred in the specific period. Search results were compared to findings on Wikipedia, Encyclopedia Astronautica, and other public webpages. Reference lists of included articles/homepages were also included for further potential data. Results: From 1961–2020, our data revealed an increasing number of manned space flights, n = 327. The number of times an astronaut has been sent to space, n = 1294, resulted in an accumulated n = 19,414 days spent in space. The number of days spent in orbit has constantly increased from 1961 until today. The number of incidents (altogether n = 36) and accidents (altogether n = 5) has constantly decreased. The number of astronauts who have died during spaceflight is represented by n = 19. The current statistical fatality rate is 5.8% (deaths per spaceflight) with the highest fatality rate in the 1960s (0.013 deaths/day spent in space), and the lowest rates in the 1990s and the period from 2010 until the present (no deaths). The most dangerous phases of spaceflight are launch, landing and staying in orbit. Altogether, n = 12 incidents (incident rate per spaceflight: 0.04) and one accident (accident rate: 0.003) during launch have been reported, n = 9 incidents (incident rate: 0.03) and two accidents (accident rate: 0.006) have been reported during landing and n = 10 incidents (incident rate: 0.03) have been reported in orbit. Discussion: Manned spaceflight over the last six decades has become significantly safer. Since 2003, no astronaut fatality has been reported. With greater international cooperation and maintaining of the International Space Station (ISS), the number of manned spaceflights and days spent in space has constantly increased, with constantly lower rates of incidents and accidents.

The selected mining company implemented the ''Peer to Peer'' strategy in 2008 to fast track achievement of zero tolerance to injuries and fatalities incidents at its workplace. Our study, therefore, sought to assess the effectiveness of this strategy in reducing accidents and injuries at this selected platinum mine in Zimbabwe. A mixed-method cross-sectional survey was conducted on 32-day shift employees using a semi-structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Furthermore, incident trend analysis was done on data obtained from the records from 2004 to 2017. Covert observations were then employed to triangulate findings from data collected using the questionnaire on practices. The tests Hotelling, Chi-square, time series plots, and Multiple Logistic Regressions were employed to compare the variables of interest before and after implementing the peer to peer strategy. There was a significant drop in the number of incidents after implementing the peer to peer strategy. There was no association between tested demographic characteristics and the level of employees' knowledge of the strategy. Employees were afraid to implement the strategy to their superiors fully. Findings pointed out that this strategy was effective despite being part of a cocktail of strategies. There was a vast decrease in the rate of occurrence of incidents after the implementation of this strategy. However, there is a need for engagement to address the subordinate management dynamics that was observed to be a threat in the comprehensive implementation of this strategy.

The reduction in incident-induced delays on freeways is a main objective of transportation management. The use of travel time estimation model for freeway segments is an important method for estimating delays resulting from incidents on freeways. In this study, freeways with temporary partial lane closures were considered to simulate traffic accidents occupying lanes. Travel time, traffic volumes, and speeds under various traffic conditions on a few typical Chinese freeway segments under regular and simulated accident conditions were investigated through field experiments. The collected traffic data collected were used to establish travel time models based on the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function for basic freeway segments under both regular and accident conditions, and to obtain the model parameters. The results demonstrate that the calibrated BPR models established in this study fit the data well. In addition, this study proposes an application method for the established travel time models by which variations in travel time can be estimated rapidly and easily. The results of this study can be used to reduce travel time for road users and contribute to decision making of transportation management systems to improve traffic efficiency after incidents.

Pennsylvania is the only state that requires acute healthcare facilities to report all events of harm or potential for harm. With over 3.9 million acute care event reports, the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) is the largest repository of patient safety data in the United States and one of the largest in the world. Of the 278,548 patient safety event reports submitted by Pennsylvania’s acute care facilities in 2020, 97.2% were from hospitals and 2.7% were from ambulatory surgical facilities (ASFs). The remaining 0.1% were from birthing centers and abortion facilities. The vast majority of the 2020 reports were Incidents (97.0%) rather than Serious Events (3.0%). For each of the last five years, the most frequently reported event type was Error Related to Procedure/Treatment/Test, accounting for 32.1% of all submitted acute care event reports in 2020. The second, third, and fourth most frequently reported event types were Medication Error, Complication of Procedure/Treatment/Test, and Fall, accounting for 16.7%, 16.2%, and 11.8% of submitted reports in 2020, respectively. The reporting rates for hospitals in Q1 and Q2 2020 were 32.8 and 31.5 reports per 1,000 patient days, respectively. For ASFs, the reporting rates for Q1 and Q2 2020 were 9.8 and 8.4 reports per 1,000 surgical encounters, respectively.

Investigation of pedestrian-cyclist interactions is important for understanding both objective risks and traveler comfort. There is a lack of clear understanding of conflicts between pedestrians and cyclists, as they result in few reported incidents or injuries. More research is needed on the frequency and causes of pedestrian-cyclist incidents, and how those incidents affect the comfort and perceived safety of travelers by each mode. The objectives of this research were 1) to investigate the relationship between expressed safety concerns and experienced incidents for travelers in a high-volume non-motorized shared space, and 2) to examine primary factors in pedestrian-cyclist incidents. Data were acquired from an intercept survey of 337 travelers conducted on a large university campus. Results reveal a high frequency of incidents with physical contact between people walking and cycling, consistently described by each, which led to few injuries but verified the expressed concerns of survey participants and anecdotal reporting to the campus transportation agency. Prior experience of an incident was a significant factor influencing perceptions of safety. Cyclists were at least as concerned about intermodal conflicts and safety as pedestrians and preferred to avoid pedestrian-dominated areas, but that preference was weighed against travel time, ease of wayfinding, and avoidance of motor vehicles. Both pedestrians and cyclists identified crowding and pedestrian inattention as major contributing factors to incidents, but they disagreed on whether cyclist speed was a factor. Potential strategies to reduce intermodal conflicts in shared spaces include reducing crowding, separating modes, and reducing cycling speeds.

Abstract Background Helicopter emergency medical services are important in many health care systems. Norway has a nationwide physician manned air ambulance service servicing a country with large geographical variations in population density and incident frequencies. The aim of the study was to compare optimal air ambulance base locations using both population and incident data. Methods We used municipality population and incident data for Norway from 2015. The 428 municipalities had a median (5–95 percentile) of 4675 (940–36,264) inhabitants and 10 (2–38) incidents. Optimal helicopter base locations were estimated using the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) optimization model, exploring the number and location of bases needed to cover various fractions of the population for time thresholds 30 and 45 min, in green field scenarios and conditioned on the existing base structure. Results The existing bases covered 96.90% of the population and 91.86% of the incidents for time threshold 45 min. Correlation between municipality population and incident frequencies was −0.0027, and optimal base locations varied markedly between the two data types, particularly when lowering the target time. The optimal solution using population density data put focus on the greater Oslo area, where one third of Norwegians live, while using incident data put focus on low population high incident areas, such as northern Norway and winter sport resorts. Conclusion Using population density data as a proxy for incident frequency is not recommended, as the two data types lead to different optimal base locations. Lowering the target time increases the sensitivity to choice of data.

Background: Micro-scale enterprises play a vital role in development of national economics and self-employment. However, these industries due to lack of proper safety controls including poor housekeeping, َas well as low awarenessabout safety behaviors and procedures, do not have adequate healthand safety condition. This study was aimed to assess housekeeping principles and its effective factors in Shiraz micro-scale enterprises. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 selected micro-scale enterprises in Shiraz. A researcher-made checklist with reliability and validity of 0.851 was used for the study. Results: The mean score of housekeeping among studied enterprises was calculated to be 58.69 11.23%., The maximum and minimum scores among different housekeeping fields were related to equipment layout, and labeling calculated about 8.99±39.06%, and 5.77±3.77%, respectively. Among studied variables, there was a significant relationship between the type of activity and the incident report with housekeeping score (p

Background: Micro-scale enterprises play a vital role in development of national economics and self-employment. However, these industries due to lack of proper safety controls including poor housekeeping, َas well as low awarenessabout safety behaviors and procedures, do not have adequate healthand safety condition. This study was aimed to assess housekeeping principles and its effective factors in Shiraz micro-scale enterprises. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 selected micro-scale enterprises in Shiraz. A researcher-made checklist with reliability and validity of 0.851 was used for the study. Results: The mean score of housekeeping among studied enterprises was calculated to be 58.69 11.23%., The maximum and minimum scores among different housekeeping fields were related to equipment layout, and labeling calculated about 8.99±39.06%, and 5.77±3.77%, respectively. Among studied variables, there was a significant relationship between the type of activity and the incident report with housekeeping score (p

Bus drivers represent a workplace that is one of the most risky for the health of employees, because of the many factors that affect them, and they come from both the working and the environment. The very nature of bus drivers working is such that it is difficult to influence these factors, duo to their demand for continuous work on one side and minimum allowed breaks during working hours on the other. This paper presents the results of the investigation of incidents that were conducted over bus drivers in JKP GSP Beograd. The results were especially highlighted by professional stress, whose causes were thoroughly analyzed using the ISHIKAWA diagram, as one of the models to graphically display the desired results, all with goal of preventing them in further effort.

Point-of-care systems are generally used in healthcare to respond rapidly and prevent critical health conditions. Hence, POC systems often handle personal health information; and consequently, their cybersecurity and privacy requirements are of crucial importance. While, assessing these requirements is a significant task. In this work, we propose a use case approach to assess specifications of cybersecurity and privacy requirements of POC systems in a structured and self-contained form. Such an approach is appropriate since use cases are one of the most common means adopted by developers to derive requirements. As a result, we detail a use case approach in the framework of a real-based healthcare IT infrastructure that includes a health information system, integration engines, application servers, web services, medical devices, smartphone apps and medical modalities (all data simulated) together with the interaction with participants. Since our use case also sustains the analysis of cybersecurity and privacy risks in different threat scenarios, it also supports decision making and the analysis of compliance considerations.

Objective: To epidemiologically assess the accidents and incidents in the injured pedestrians referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Shiraz in order to provide basic preventive strategies and reduce injuries and fatalities caused by traffic accidents in pedestrians.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 5840 injured pedestrians referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Shiraz from 2009 to 2014. The baseline characteristic including the demographic and clinical information, the mechanism of injury, injury severity score (ISS) and outcome determinants. We also recorded the outcome measures and the mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors related to mortality rate and Length of Stay (LOS) in hospital.Results: In our study, the history of 5840 injured pedestrians was analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 41.32±19.21 years. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that mortality increased with age. Moreover, the odds of mortality was more in patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) between 16 and 24 [OR: 12.94, 95% CI (3.78-32.66), p=0.001] and injuries in the head and neck [OR: 7.92, 95% CI (4.18-14.99), p=0.020]. LOS in hospital was also higher in patients with ISS > 25 [OR: 16.65, 95%CI (10.68-25.96), p=0.001].Conclusion: Pedestrians have always been one of the most vulnerable road users. Our study indicated that the adverse consequences and mortalities in pedestrians increased with age. Hence, approaches are required to improve primary prevention programs and reduce deaths and injuries due to this major public health problem.

A descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative approach that aimed to investigate the nurses’ knowledge and perception of adverse effects, reporting of such events and factors that may limit reporting. Data collection was performed between November and December 2015 in a public hospital of the Center-South region of the state of Sergipe. The sample was composed of 28 nurses who completed a semi-structured form analyzed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. Among the participants, 16 (57%) were 16 (57%) showed little knowledge on adverse events, and, 27 (96%) respondents perceived the importance of reporting. However, these events are underreported due to fear of punishment, among other factors. It is concluded that educational actions and measures aimed to clarify these health professionals on adverse events and encourage reporting are needed.

Abstract Totally implantable venous devices are used in medical care for parenteral nutrition, vascular access, administrating chemotherapeutic agents and so on. Although the large variety of catheter complications, catheter fracture is a rare but serious complication. The pinch off syndrome is caused by the compression of the catheter between the clavicle and first rib, and may lead to fracture and possible dislocation of the catheter. We report here the case history of a patient with metastatic breast cancer who developed a rare complication of subclavian catheter fracture as a consequence of pinch off syndrome.

New generation Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) are providing advanced connectivity features, enabling new automation applications, services and business models in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) era. Nevertheless, due to the extended attack surface and increasing number of cyber-attacks against industrial equipment, security concerns arise. Hence, these systems should provide enough protection and resiliency against cyber-attacks throughout their entire lifespan, which, in the case of industrial systems, may last several decades. A sound and complete management of security issues and software updates is fundamental to achieve such goal, since leading-edge security countermeasures implemented in the development phase may eventually become out-of-date. In this article, a review of the IEC 62443 industrial security standard concerning the security maintenance of IIoT systems and components is given, along with guidelines for the implementation of such processes. As concluded, the security issues and software updates management shall jointly be addressed by the asset owner, service providers and product suppliers. These security processes should also be compatible with the safety procedures established by safety standards.

INTRODUCTION: Unusual impacts of disasters on normal living conditions pose challenges to the health system. Nurses who take care of disaster victims may face situations that make decision-making difficult; hereon, the use of new technologies can be a useful solution. The study aimed to identify the telenursing care during incidents and disasters. METHODS: The study was conducted at a medical science university in Iran from 2018 to 2019. This was a semi-structured interview-based qualitative study using content analysis. Eighteen nurses, nursing teachers, and emergency medical technicians were included in the study. Data analysis was performed using inductive content analysis and coding with MAXQDA (2010) software. The Lincoln and Guba (1985) trustworthiness criteria were used for the reliability and validity of the data. RESULTS: Telenursing in critical and supportive care was the main theme identified from data analysis. This theme included six main categories: (1) management of trauma, (2) technical skills, (3) care and decision-making in stressful situations, (4) management of patients with special needs, (5) life-saving intervention, and (6) psychological and emotional supports. CONCLUSIONS: Telenursing in disasters is the turning point of the care management of victims. In order to achieve this goal, nurses should acquire the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Background: Adolescents are being threatened by several accidents because of entering the new world of adulthood, separation from families, a greater presence in community individually, the lack of knowledge of rules and risk-taking spirit of adolescents, and events. The contribution of these damages and their related costs are higher in developing and low-income countries. The current study was conducted for proper planning focused on reducing accidents that have the highest incidence, evaluating school events, determining the place and time that most accidents happened to students and determining the body part injured. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling was conducted on 6933 students 11-14 years old (middle school) in 2009-2010 in Isfahan Province. The data were collected through observation and a researcher-made questionnaire and then entered into the EPi6 software, and analyzed by the SPSS 11.5 software and the statistical test of Chi-square. Results: The findings showed that 49.9% of students were girls (n = 3462) and 50.1% (n = 3471) were boys, 84.5% of students (n = 5860) were living in urban areas and 15.5% of students (n = 1073) were living in rural areas. Frequency distribution of incidents was 53.9% (3739 cases) at school and 10.6% (732 cases) on the commuting route. The most injured body part was hand with 1018 cases (18.5%) and foot with 1267 cases (23.1%), and mostly they were injured in boys. Conclusions: The findings showed that a high percentage of students were injured at school, where the first step to prevent the incidence of such preventable incidents at school is to secure workshop environments and school yards.

The aim of this paper is to present the essence of eff ective management to recall unsafe food. The implementation of the development is refl ected in its individual parts. Legal requirements oblige companies to take immediate action when an available product poses a threat to the consumer’s health or life. These actions imply blocking of a suspicious batch or a possible product recall, as well as eff ective communication with supervisory authorities and consumers, if a product has already been available to them. The scope of these regulations is scrupulously listed in private safety standards and food quality, such as BRC, IFS, or in an international norm ISO 22000. The article emphasized the importance of the traceability system to ensure eff ective recall, also analysed the results of the research into the causes and evaluated the eff ectiveness of the food recall.

Nowadays, assuring the security of the national cyber-space has become a big issue that can only be tackled through collaborative approaches. Threats cannot be confined to a single computer system just as much as computer systems are rendered useless without being con-nected to a supporting network. The authors of this article propose an innovative architecture of a system designated to help governments collect and analyze data about cyber-security in-cidents, from different organizations, dispersed nationwide, and acting within various economic sectors. The collected data will make us able to determine a national cyber-security alert score that could help policy makers in establishing the best strategies for protecting the national cyber-space.

By analyzing and defining events, and then sorting them outinto two distinct groups, this paper will highlight the similarityand frequency of safety factors in a given time frame. The aim isto comprehend the current level of flight safety and compare itto the situation of some fifteen years ago, regardless of technologicalimprovements. This paper shows critical situations asstarting events with possible preventive actions with the aim ofpreventing the development of events with consequences.

Sulfuric acid is an important industrial and strategic raw material, the production of which is developing on all continents, in many factories in the world and with an annual production of over 160 million tons. On the other hand, the production, transport and usage are very dangerous and demand measures of precaution because the consequences could be catastrophic, and not only at the local level where the accident would happen. Accidents that have been publicly recorded during the last eighteen years (from 1988 till the beginning of 2006) are analyzed in this paper. It is very alarming data that, according to all the recorded accidents, over 1.6 million tons of sulfuric acid were exuded. Although water transport is the safest (only 16.38% of the total amount of accidents) in that way 98.88% of the total amount of sulfuric acid was exuded into the environment. Human factor was the common factor in all the accidents, whether there was enough control of the production process, of reservoirs or transportation tanks or the transport was done by inadequate (old) tanks, or the accidents arose from human factor (inadequate speed, lock of caution etc). The fact is that huge energy, sacrifice and courage were involved in the recovery from accidents where rescue teams and fire brigades showed great courage to prevent real environmental catastrophes and very often they lost their lives during the events. So, the phrase that sulfuric acid is a real "environmental bomb" has become clearer.

The article examines the accidents and incidents taking place while transporting dangerous goods by railway transport. The paper presents and considers research results indicating the way the respondents estimate the main factors related to risk in rail transport. Also, the correlation of the annual losses encountered by enterprises due to accidents and the losses caused by other factors are analysed. The work suggests recommendation measures for reducing accidents in railway transport while shipping dangerous cargoes.

The study results reported here are part of a larger research project that developed a manual for practitioners to improve safety at rail transit platform/train and platform/guideway interfaces. As part of that effort, passenger injury incident data was collected from five rail transit systems, and interviews were conducted with safety officers at other rail transit systems in the US and Canada. The data collected showed that stairs and escalators and general platform tripping produced more injury incidents than the platform/train and platform/guideway interfaces. Heavy rail transit with platforms that are higher than 24 inches from top of rail had more injury incidents than light rail transit that typically operates on low level platforms. Other causes of injury incidents included intoxication, attempted suicide, and distraction.