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Background: In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Rhizopus oryzae. The therapeutic effect of AgNP treatment protocols for hypothyroidism induced in male albino rats via biochemical as well as hematological parameters, thyroid profile, and androgen male sex hormone (testosterone) was evaluated. Results: FTIR, XRD, TEM, DLS, SEM, and EDX were used to comprehensively characterize the biosynthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs have a 17–35 nm diameter, according to the results of their characterization. The average size detected by XRD was 37.96 nm, while the average size of the biosynthesized AgNPs was 78 nm determined by DLS analysis. Furthermore, ALT, AST activity, urea, creatinine, and TSH levels revealed a significant increase in the untreated hypothyroidism group according to potassium dichromate-induced hypothyroidism compared to the normal control group. The untreated hypothyroidism group's FT3, FT4, and albumin levels, however, significantly decreased when compared to the normal control group. In contrast, when compared to the hypothyroidism-untreated group, the mean values of FT3, FT4, and TSH were all significantly higher and TSH was significantly lower in the hypothyroidism AgNPS-treated group. Furthermore, T. testosterone and F. testosterone levels revealed a significant decrease in untreated hypothyroidism group when compared to the normal control group. Contrarily, F. testosterone levels in the hypothyroidism-treated group were much higher than those in the hypothyroidism-untreated group. Conclusions: AgNPs were successfully biosynthesized which exhibited therapeutic potential to increase thyroid hormone levels and avoid the biochemical side effects of thyroid hormone deficiency in the animal model of hypothyroidism.How to cite: Saied E, Hussein AS, Al-Askar AA, et al. Therapeutic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on hypothyroidism induced in albino rats. Electron J Biotechnol 2023;65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2023.06.001.

The complexity of prescribing safe and effective drug therapy is still challenging. Due to the increased number of medications taken by patients, the potential for drug-drug interactions has clinically important consequences. This study focuses on the potential drug-drug interaction between azithromycin and etoricoxib and the possibility of counteracting this adverse reaction by giving ascorbic acid intraperitoneally to male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats weighing 150–180 g were used. The rats were allocated into six equal groups. One group was a control, and the others were given azithromycin, etoricoxib, either alone or combination, with one group treated with ascorbic acid and the last group treated with the drug combination and ascorbic acid. Blood samples were collected for measuring AST, ALT, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin alongside antioxidant enzymes and histopathological examination for both liver and heart tissue. The results showed both hepatic and cardiac damage in azithromycin and etoricoxib groups represented by increasing levels of heaptoc enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin) with declining antioxidant enzymes and elevation of malondialdehyde and the appearance of hepatic and cardiac toxicities. Upon administration, ascorbic acid ameliorated all the mentioned biochemical parameters. In conclusion, ascorbic acid has great antioxidant capacities and hepatic and cardiac ameliorative effects and can alleviate drug interaction toxicity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological side effects of doxorubicin on pancreas tissue in male albino rats Rattus norvegicus. This study were used 55 adult rats (2.5-3.5) month of age. The rats divided into two groups, the first group include (35) rats. The second group were (20) rats. Microscopial examination of pancreas lesion demonstrated oedema around the acini, swelling of the epithelial cells of acini, occurance of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) at the concentration of (4,5) mg/kg of body weight ,occurrence of small islets that form of few cells and exocrine-endocrine transformation. There were thickness in the walls of blood vessels, thrombus, congestion of blood vessels, we conclude, that doxorubicin had histopathological effect on pancreas in sub-acute doses more than chronic doses.

BACKGROUND Chronic stress increases glucocorticoid levels and accelerates reduction in Leydig cells functions and numbers. Chronic stress models in the working place comprise sleep deprivation, sedentary stress, and physical stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various work stress models, such as stress from paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), immobilization, and footshock, on serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats. METHODS This study was of experimental randomized post-test only with control group design using 24 male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The sample was divided into 4 groups: K1 (control), K2 (PSD), K3 (immobilization) and K4 (footshock), receiving treatment for 25 days. Measured parameters were serum testosterone level and Leydig cell number. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, followed by post hoc LSD. RESULTS Mean serum testosterone levels (0.07 ± 0.08 ng/ml) and Leydig cell numbers (4.22 ± l0.96) were lowest in the PSD stress model. Serum testosterone levels differed significantly between controls and PSD group (p=0.014), while there was a significant difference in numbers of Leydig cells between footshock stress and PSD (p=0.011) and between the three stress groups and controls (p=0.006). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that PSD, immobilization and footshock stress significantly decreased serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The mechanism by which PSD affects serum testosterone is still unclear.

Prolonged and chronic exposure to stress leads to the loss of neurons at the CA3 (cornu ammonis) hippocampus region and spatial memory deficits. The aim of this study was to study the number of CA3 pyramidal cells in albino rats that were exposed to chronic stress of works model consisting of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), immobilization, and foot shock stresses. The method applied was the post-test only method with control group experimental design using completed randomized design (CRD on 24 3–4 month old male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups: group I (control), group II (PSD stress), group III (immobilization stress), and group IV (footshock stress). The CA3 pyramidal cell hippocampus was stained with toluidine-blue. The number of CA3 pyramidal cell of hippocampus was counted using Image raster v2.1 software at 400x magnification in 10 duplicates for each sample. The study was conducted in six months (April–September 2012) at the Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. Analysis for the differences in the number of CA3 pyramidal cells was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Post-Hoc LSD. The results of the ANOVA showed a p value=0.037, meaning that there was significant difference in at least two groups of treatment. Further statistical test using Post-Hoc LSD showed a significant difference between the control group (12.9±2.47) and the chronic immobillization group (9,00±1,53) (p

Background Chronic stress increases glucocorticoid levels and accelerates reduction in Leydig cells functions and numbers. Chronic stress models in the working place comprise sleep deprivation, sedentary stress, and physical stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various work stress models, such as stress from paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), immobilization, and footshock, on serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats. Methods This study was of experimental randomized post-test only with control group design using 24 male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The sample was divided into 4 groups: K1 (control), K2 (PSD), K3 (immobilization) and K4 (footshock), receiving treatment for 25 days. Measured parameters were serum testosterone level and Leydig cell number. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, followed by post hoc LSD. Results Mean serum testosterone levels (0.07 ± 0.08 ng/mL) and Leydig cell numbers (4.22 ± l0.96) were lowest in the PSD stress model. Serum testosterone levels differed significantly between controls and PSD group (p=0.014), while there was a significant difference in numbers of Leydig cells between footshock stress and PSD (p=0.011) and between the three stress groups and controls (p=0.006). Conclusion This study demonstrated that PSD, immobilization and footshock stress significantly decreased serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The mechanism by which PSD affects serum testosterone is still unclear.