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The development of speaking skills, whether in a native or a foreign language, remains a complex field of study that combines neurobiology, psychology, language methodology and linguistics. This article focuses on a less studied component of language or speaking skills called muscle memory. It sheds light on its roots – the main muscles and brain areas involved – as well as its role in verbal communication, articulation, and language acquisition in general. It further outlines a holistic methodological approach to (foreign) language and speaking training that offers practical implementation options to improve muscle memory and, with it, accurate pronunciation and fluency. With these two focal points – theoretic background alongside practical considerations –, the article attempts not only to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of muscle memory on the development of speaking skills, but also aims to bridge the gap between neuromotor processes and methodological practices.

Monitoring of local democracy is an important component of effective decision-making in the field of public administration as it forms the public trust in democracy. There are a number of methodological approaches to the analysis of local democracy in the world developed and used by international organizations and agencies, teams of scientists and researchers. The article systematizes a significant number of methods of monitoring local democracy. They are grouped with the results of research not only in local democracy, but also in terms of its development. The characteristics are considered and examples of methods of measuring democracy in the country, methods of monitoring political systems, methods of monitoring the democracy of public administration and methods of analysis of local government are given. Methods of measuring democracy in the country provide a comprehensive nature of monitoring and the results of indicators that characterize historical, economic, political and other processes. A condition for the dynamic development of local democracy is the development of the country’s political system based on democratic principles and the effectiveness of the public level at all levels. That is why the article systematizes the methods that allow determining the country’s progress in the formation of systemic conditions for the development of democracy. The main attention is paid to the methods of measuring local democracy, which allows to study the democratic nature of local governance, the strength and quality of local democracy, the level of use of e-technologies. The study of existing methods in terms of their content, advantages and disadvantages of application allows users to determine those approaches that will allow to obtain the most objective results of the analysis, to conduct comparisons across individual countries, territories and cities, as well as to identify problematic areas of lagging behind best practices.

The purpose of this article is to substantiate qualitative network analysis as a separate methodological approach to the study of relationships in the network. In this paper, I define the theoretical framework of the network approach as a whole, then I give a theoretical basis for qualitative network analysis. I designate theoretical concepts related to the study of the deep meanings of relationships in the network. The place of qualitative network analysis in network approaches is determined, among which two approaches to the division of methodologies are distinguished: the division into quantitative and qualitative methods and the division into quantitative, ego-network and qualitative network analysis. Next, I propose a systematization of network approaches at different levels, where network analysis of structures at the macro level, network analysis of subgroups at the meso level and ego-network analysis are distinguished, which can be both in the design of quantitative and qualitative research. The definition of qualitative network analysis is given, the main tasks of this methodology and examples of empirical research are proposed.

Relevance. Currently, the relevance of studying to identify the ability of many micromycetes to synthesize phytotoxic substances that reduce seed germination and lead to huge losses in the yield of strategic agricultural crops is increasing. To solve the problem, the development of new methodological approaches is required, which is significant for immunologists and phytopathologists.The purpose of this work is to determine the phytotoxic activity of micromycete strains from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris, parasitizing on all agricultural crops cultivated in Russia.Materials and methods. The strains, the methods of their cultivation, the bioassay method were used, and the statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out. A modification of some methodological approaches for assessing the phytotoxicity of micromycetes has been carried out. The selection of representative concentrations of culture fluid filtrates (FCF) of strains for phytotoxicity evaluation was carried out.Results. A correlation was established for all variants of the experiment between two independent parameters: the development parameters of wheat seedlings and the concentration of cultural liquid filtrates. New results have been obtained on the study of the phytotoxic activity of 70 strains of hemibiotrophic micromycetes and the optimal concentrations of fungal FAs for classifying fungal strains into toxicity groups have been established. The most variable toxicity values were found when using a 40% solution of FCL. It was shown that, under these conditions, fungal strains can be divided according to the degree of toxicity into significantly different groups. This circumstance is an important reason for including strains of micromycetes with certain toxicity properties in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms. Fungal strains are necessary and appropriate for use in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties to phytopathogens from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris.Conclusion. New methodological approaches have confirmed that the most variable toxicity values were found with the use of FCF in a ratio of 2:3. This concentration of FCF strains are divided into 4 groups with characteristic differences in the degree of toxicity, which is an important reason for including such strains of micromycetes in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms and will be further used in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties of agricultural crops.

This article provides an overview of e-learning technologies, highlights the effectiveness of blended learning compared to traditional teaching methods. The results of studies that confirm the effectiveness of blended learning compared to traditional methods are presented, as well as new E-learning technologies that can significantly improve learning outcomes, the didactic functions of digital educational resources are noted. The materials of the article will be useful to students who are interested in new technologies in education. The article notes the importance of innovative approaches to the organization of modern education.

This study assessed the microbial quality of water sources in winter by microbiological methods and molecular-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and potential future bacterial loads in the Alleben pond based on the increase in water temperature. Total bacteria, total coliform, and Escherichia coli levels using the qPCR were significantly higher in the water samples than those enumerated by culture-dependent microbiological methods. These results showed that our qPCR approach is suitable to estimate the relative abundances of uncultured and cultured indicator microorganisms affected by the water characteristics. Based on our climate data, the daily average rate of 1.8 °C/increase associated with air temperature for the pond was recorded. As a result of the warming of the water surface, temperature thresholds in winter may breach and, thus, the physicochemical and biological properties of the pond may change by increasing bacterial growth rates. This study is the first analysis to apply combined climate change with molecular approaches to better understand how bacterial concentrations in aquatic environments may change in the future based on air temperature variations for the Gaziantep region. This analysis indicates developing surface water treatment measures and climate adaptation strategies that may reduce bacterial contamination in the Alleben pond. HIGHLIGHTS This study analyses the warming of the water surface as the factor affecting the bacterial quality of the pond.; A large amount of data collection including meteorological air temperature data of the Gaziantep for the past 30 years.; Bacterial contamination in the Alleben pond exceeds the acceptable levels (0 MPN/100 mL) according to WHO (2017) and TS266 (2005) guidelines.;

Digitalization and digital transformation of companies have turned from global trends to an urgent need. Thanks to digitalization and digital transformation, organizations can overcome the times of crisis, the times of lockdowns with less losses and respond more effectively to any adverse changes in the external environment. The assessment of the level of digitalization and digital transformation allows to determine how fast the processes of introducing digital technologies and optimizing processes with digital solutions proceed, both in companies and across the industry as a whole. The article provides an analysis with the systematization of foreign and domestic methods, methodological approaches, methods for assessing the digitalization level and digital transformation, as well as reveals their positive and negative aspects. Based on a comparative analysis, an improved author-developed methodological toolkit is proposed for assessing the level of digitalization and digital transformation, alleviating the disadvantages of the existing methodological experience. The approbation of the author-developed methodological toolkit was performed using the oil and gas industry as an example; the following companies, being the industry leaders, were analysed: PJSC “Lukoil”, PJSC “NK “Rosneft”, PJSC “Gazprom”, and PJSC “Tatneft”. According to the results, the digitalization and digital transformation processes of the domestic oil and gas industry are insufficiently dynamic. It was found that in the period from 2016 to 2020, the Russian Federation industry leaders were in the following order from the most advanced to the least advanced in terms of the digitalization level and digital transformation: PJSC “Gazprom” topped the list; PJSC “NK “Rosneft” was second; PJSC “Lukoil” was the third largest company, and PJSC “Tatneft” held the fourth position.

In economics, earning has traditionally been viewed as a quantitative category. This article provides an original perspective on earning - in terms of quality that allows taking a fresh look at revenue. The author's scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning, developed in this article, takes into account the following criteria: 1. The official (or shadow) nature of the earnings and their contribution to the staff retirement plan, its creditworthiness, the formation of the earning part of the state budget (payment of taxes); 2. The size, dynamics and comparative characteristics of the actually available earning; 3. Positive or negative consequences of receiving earning for society and the environment (for example, revenue from criminal activity, poaching and other prohibited activities will be of low quality); 4. Contribution of earning to the image of the country (for example, the currency in which revenue is obtained); 5. Consequences of receiving earning for meeting the needs of the employee according to A. Maslow's pyramid (unleashing human potential, building a career, working in specialty); 6. Contribution to the reduction (or increase) of inequality in earning. The advantages of the developed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning are that it allows comparing representatives of different professions and sectors of the economy, different regions and countries from the point of view of the quality of earning, as well as studying the dynamics of changes in the quality of earning. Due to this, not quantity (nominal revenue) but the quality will determine the features of employees when receiving income.

Исследуются концептуальные основы формирования электоральной культуры учителя. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью повышения электоральной активности граждан и мотивации к участию в электоральном процессе. Предлагается новый взгляд на участие в электоральном процессе через призму электоральной культуры. Электоральная культура рассматривается как часть общей культуры, которую необходимо начинать формировать как можно раньше. В этом процессе должны участвовать не только семья, но и образовательные учреждения. Поэтому можно предположить, что наибольшим потенциалом в формировании электоральной культуры обладает учитель. В связи с этим необходимо формировать электоральную культуру у учителей и представление о технологиях трансляции электоральной культуры. А электоральная культура может быть сформирована только в специальной кросс-многоуровневой образовательной среде, которая создает условия для этого. Концептуальные основы формирования электоральной культуры представлены основными положениями, понятийно-категориальным аппаратом, методологическими основаниями, теоретическими основами, смысловым центром концепции, содержательно-смысловым наполнением, педагогическими условиями и апробацией концепции. Представлен алгоритм реализации концепции, позволяющий проследить логику движения от теоретических положений к практической реализации. Подробно продемонстрированы целевые установки концепции, определяющие ее содержание, а также правовая и нормативная основа, которая положена в основу разработки концепции. Особое внимание уделено педагогическим условиям реализации концепции и теоретическим основаниям. Охарактеризованы границы применения концепции. В качестве теоретико-методологической основы концепции предлагается четырехуровневая иерархическая структура методологических оснований, включающая подходы на различных уровнях. Практическим результатом реализации концепции является программа дополнительного образования для учителей, ориентированная на формирование электоральной культуры.

В статье представлена модель профессиональных компетенций воспитателя дошкольного образования, опирающаяся на результаты исследований понятия «профессиональная компетенция» с позиций аксиологического, системного и компетентностного подходов. Представлены основные положения данных подходов применительно к проблеме исследования. Охарактеризованы четыре компонента, составляющие построенную модель: мотивационно-личностный, когнитивный, деятельностный и рефлексивный. Представлен анализ их содержания и связи между ними.

В статье проанализированы методологические подходы к преподаванию химических дисциплин в фармацевтическом образовании и показаны преимущества каждого из них при формировании профессиональной компетентности будущих фармацевтов. Отмечено, что системный подход позволяет чётко определять приоритетные направления преподавания, структурировать обучающие задачи. Деятельностный подход реализуется как при выполнении лабораторных работ, в ходе которых отрабатываются исследовательские умения, так и во время решения профессионально направленных задач. Интегративный подход способствует созданию внутренней мотивации соискателей образования и личностного профессионального развития. Личностно ориентированный подход реализуется через использование профессионально ориентированных задач разного уровня сложности, решение которых моделирует ситуации, с которыми соискатели профессионального высшего образования столкнутся в реальной профессиональной деятельности. Компетентностный подход объединяет образовательный процесс и его понимание, в процессе которого происходит становление личностной позиции будущего фармацевтического работника, формируется его отношение к предмету деятельности. Технологический подход характеризует направленность в обучении химии на оптимизацию, интенсификацию, усовершенствование, повышение результативности обучения.

The methodology for health risk assessment and hygienic standardization of chemicals often neglects such a vulnerable population group as people with chronic non-communicable diseases. According to the data provided by the WHO, the prevalence of such pathologies is high in many European countries; therefore, when a disease burden in a certain population is unaccounted for, this may result in lower accuracy of accomplished assessments. On the other hand, introduction of too conservative safe factors when hygienic standards are being developed for chemicals in various media leads to high uncertainty and excessive limitations. Our research goal was to provide scientific substantiation for a methodology for using experimental pathology models to improve reliability of hygienic standardization and accuracy of health risk assessments for sensitive population groups (people suffering from non-chronic communicable diseases) under exposure to naturally occurring chemicals. Another goal was to test this methodology by performing a case study on drinking water. The testing results indicate that a chronic 6-month exposure to model substances produced more apparent toxic effects on experimental animals with model pathologies (spontaneous hypertension and experimental histamine-induced nephropathy) in comparison with “healthy” animals. This allowed us to recommend using experimental models of congenital and induced animal pathology bearing in mind target organs for toxic effects produced by the analyzed chemicals to substantiate hygienic standards, health risks taken into account. This should be done at the stage when dose-dependent reactions are identified (determination of no-effect and / or threshold levels) in addition to studies performed on “healthy” animals. It is most appropriate to use this approach when the following conditions are met: 1) a research object is naturally occurring chemicals that are widely spread in the environment due to its natural formation; 2) pathologies of organs (systems) that are targets for biological effects produced by the tested chemicals are widely spread in a population (circulatory diseases, diseases of the excretory system, etc.).

Orientation: Research has highlighted the significant role of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) in transforming individual lives, communities and nations. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the impact measurements of entrepreneurship education outcomes by exploring its indicators and methodological approaches and its associated challenges. Motivation for the study: The impact measurement of entrepreneurship education is an under-researched area of study. This study intends to close this gap. Research design, approach and method: A scoping review was conducted on 80 articles and dissertations using the Arksey and O’Malley framework to explore the extent, range and nature of literature on the impact measurements of entrepreneurship education. Main findings: The study found three leading impact measurement indicators of entrepreneurship education – the subjective, objective and institutional-framework. The most commonly utilised methods of measuring the impact of entrepreneurship education are the pre and post-test or post-test, longitudinal and experimental designs. The findings also reveal that the primary challenge of impact measurement studies is self-selection of individuals who participate in EET programmes because of their desire to pursue entrepreneurial activities. Practical/managerial implications: The impact measurement indicators of entrepreneurship education should be tailored to a specific audience and stakeholders’ perspectives and also assess the participant’s development, society and the national economy. The article, situated on the premise of the constructivists’ recommendation that learners are not tabula rasas; the measurement of the impact of entrepreneurship education should instead focus on ex-post results and not pre-post results. Contribution/value-add: The study could assist entrepreneurship education curriculum evaluators to understand the various indicators and methods of measuring the impact of entrepreneurship education.

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of improving the methodology of formation of tariffs on maritime transport, the relevance of which is confirmed in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, the Strategy for Seaports of Ukraine until 2038, the Maritime Doctrine of Ukraine until 2035. Analysis of recent research and publications. The author provides an overview of foreign research on the problems of tariff policy, investment restrictions in the shipping sector, determining the transport costs of maritime transport and their impact on international trade flows. Problem setting, research goals. The aim of the article is to improve methodological approaches to the formation of tariffs for maritime transport. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the large number of scientific studies on the problems of improving tariffs on maritime transport, it should be noted the lack of domestic methodological work. Presentation of the main material. The author identifies the factors that affect costs: the difference in capital costs and labor costs; geographical location, especially the distance of transportation; level of insurance fees; return on scale; development of container transportation, technological changes in the transport sector; quality of terrestrial infrastructure; port efficiency; political measures and investment restrictions, organized crime; a certain level of state regulation. Conclusions according to the article. In Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce methodological approaches to the development of tariffs that would take into account the cost of goods transported, production costs, «value» of products for the final consumer, the interests of other transport participants (shipper, freight forwarder, carrier, terminal operator, consignee).

The article reveals the essence and features related to the development of the future choirmasters’ emotional competence in the process of profession-oriented training. The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological approaches and pedagogical principles of forming the emotional competence of future choirmasters in the process of profession-oriented training. The competence-based paradigm of art-centred education is defined as the one that is aimed at gaining the experience necessary for making constructive decisions in a nonlinear, variable and unpredictable process of performing and art-pedagogical practice. Emotional competence is interpreted as an integral quality, a set of knowledge, skills, abilities and practical experience of the conscious handling of emotional information and volitional regulation of emotional behaviour in the process of working with the choir aimed at optimizing the emotional aspect of artistic communication through reflexivity, empathy and appropriate conducting expression. The component structure of the future choirmasters’ emotional competence has been determined; it includes person-oriented cognitive, analytical-interpretive, sensory-expressive and reflexive-regulatory components. The theoretical and methodological basis for the development of the future choirmasters’ emotional competence is considered. The acmeological approach is aimed at the maximum disclosure of the student’s internal potentials, which is possible through designing individual performing and pedagogical trajectory. The hermeneutic approach helps to master new knowledge related to one's own inner world, emotional manifestations of other knowledge and artistic emotions that are transmitted in the musical text. The reflexive approach enables a substantive vision of the emotional component of profession-related activities as a result of productive introspection. The pedagogical principles facilitating the development of the future choirmasters’ emotional competence have been distinguished: the principle of subjective activity, the principle of emotional dominance and the principle of systematization of emotional experience.

The article examines the contradictions that caused the need for digital support for the process of learning the musical culture of China by future music teachers of Russia. In search of approaches to the development of such software, the authors come to the idea of the expediency of creating an electronic educational resource “Musical Culture of China”. The methodological basis for determining its content and structure was the musicological, psychological and pedagogical approaches. In their entirety, they provide a multi­vector characteristic of the identity of Chinese musical culture, its national characteristics. This resource has two levels, basic and advanced. When describing each of them, the justification of their block­ modular construction and the pedagogical purpose of all the selected structural components are given. At the basic level, students get acquainted with the predominantly knowledge component. The content of the advanced level is aimed at expanding the acquired knowledge and their practical application. The work with this electronic educational resource helps to increase the readiness of future teachers to implement the acquired knowledge and practical skills in their professional activities when introducing students to Chinese musical culture in musical­ instrumental, musical­plastic and vocal­choral activities.

The paper touches upon the issue of the relevance of civic-patriotic education of young people. Based on the analysis of federal legal documents, it is concluded that today civic-patriotic education is recognized as a priority in modern educational policy. It is noted that the trends of modern science (axiologization, informatization, ecologization, integration, the trend of synergy) subjected the transformation of the concept of "patriotism", "citizenship" as a result of civil and patriotic education of young people in a changing world. The paper presents modern interpretations of these concepts. It is noted that the main goal of civil-patriotic education is the revival of patriotism in our society as the most important spiritual, moral and social value. The concept of "civil-patriotic education of students" was clarified. The purpose of the paper is to theoretically substantiate the methodological foundations for the development of a system of civil and patriotic education of students in a changing world. Theoretical and empirical methods are used. The authors define a set of methodological approaches (value, environment and activity), which determine the content and technological apparatus of the study. These approaches formed the basis for the development of a system of civil-patriotic education of students. The mechanisms of the value approach are identified: the totality and content of values, the definition of technology and methods for the implementation of the totality of values in the process of civil-patriotic education of a person, unity of the content of the system of civil and patriotic education of students and the socio-cultural environment . A system of civic-patriotic education was developed, which is an integration of objective, content, motivational-value, practical-activity, evaluative-effective components. Due attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the system of civil and patriotic education of students. This system performs analytical, diagnostic, prognostic, design, practice-oriented, adaptive, educational and cognitive, organizational and control and evaluation functions. The results of a survey of students on patriotism, citizenship, the most effective forms, methods and means that contribute to the civil-patriotic education of a person are presented. Among the technologies, students single out subject-oriented technologies that are interactive in nature, contribute to the development of critical thinking, analytical, reflective, research and design skills.

Modernization of the Ukrainian economy under the influence of global post-industrial trends mainstreams the priority of development of science-intensive, high-tech, innovative activities. Modernization creates the preconditions for strengthening competitive positions in the national and global markets. In modern conditions, the issue of assessing the competitiveness of catering companies is relevant. High competitiveness of the enterprise is the main condition of its activity and development. The purpose of the study is to assess the competitiveness of catering companies in the market of catering services in Ukraine. The study proposes methodological approaches to assessing the competitiveness of catering companies. Methodological approaches include continuity of monitoring, determination of parameters, indicators and criteria, selection of optimal evaluation methods. In the process of research the following methods were used: sociological survey, simple ranking, integrated assessment and factor method, system approach method. It was established that methodical approaches to assessing the competitiveness of catering companies include justification and development of a system of socioeconomic indicators and criteria (product quality, quality of service, quality and organizational staff, efficiency, efficiency of personnel management, price). Methodological approaches include a set of indicators that form an integrated indicator of competitiveness. This indicator allows to consider objective differences in the dynamics of enterprises, the conditions of use of available resources in the process of forecasting and development of enterprises. A comprehensive diagnosis was carried out based on an integrated indicator of the competitiveness of restaurants on special orders (catering), during which it was determined that its level has a significant differentiation according to the indicators of the studied enterprises, which are due to both external and internal factors, which allows the development of strategic priorities and specific measures to develop the image of the enterprise and increase its competitiveness

The article is aimed at generalizing the characteristic features of the existing methodological approaches to the analytical assessment of the financial sustainability of enterprises and substantiating their selection under different conditions of informational provision. The relevance of the assessment of financial sustainability of enterprises is substantiated. The article analyses the available methodological approaches to assessing the financial sustainability of enterprise, namely: aggregate, coefficient, margin, score, balance, integral, factor and matrix. The methods of assessing financial sustainability are generalized and their contents are covered. The essence of the methods is characterized; their advantages and disadvantages, scope of application, indicators and contents are defined. The overall indicators of financial sustainability of enterprise, which characterize the level of security of working assets with sources of their formation, are presented schematically. The financial stability margin is considered with help of three aggregates and using the method of absolute values. The essence and benefits of the express assessment of financial sustainability are defined. Methodological approaches to assessing the financial sustainability of enterprise are grouped, methods and instruments for assessing the financial sustainability of enterprise are defined. Since traditional methods of analysis are worth to be complemented with the latest foreign ones, the financial sustainability analysis can be supplemented, expanded and substantiated from different sustainability perspectives.

Urban green spaces, especially those in the coastal areas, are of great and multiple importance for sustainable urban and tourism development. At the same time, they are endangered by excessive construction caused by the urbanisation process. Increased urbanisation occurs as the consequence of spatial expansion of the built-up land of coastal towns due to strong littoralisation processes, but also as a consequence of an increasing coastal tourism development. Scientific research on the connection between urbanisation and tourism is conducted in various scientific areas and disciplines, representing urban green spaces mainly in a wider context, rarely as immediate objects of research. Understanding and comparison of research results are made difficult due to non-standardised methodology and terminology applied in research. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of methods applied in research of urban green spaces and, on its grounds, to select methodological approaches applicable for geographic research on urban green spaces within the context of coastal tourism development. The meaning of “urban green space” and its relationship with tourism were defined. The subject of research, terminology and classification of urban green spaces, spatial and temporal context of research, applied methodology and interpretation of results were analysed. Two most frequent methodological approaches in urban green spaces research in the context of coastal tourism development were identified: a) Comparative spatio-temporal research of transformation of urban green space due to tourism development and b) Research on attitudes and perception of urban green space users within the context of tourism development. The identified approaches are applicable in geographic research of urban green spaces, and they are based on methodological background of the positivist and humanistic-behavioural approach in contemporary geography.

Abstract. The article summarizes arguments and counterarguments within the framework of a scientific discussion concerning the methodological ensuring for assessing the financial stability of insurance companies. The main purpose of the conducted study is indexes arrangement by which it is possible to assess the financial stability of an insurance company in accordance with the criteria (factors, sources) of its ensuring. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem in managing the financial stability of an insurance company to ensure its stable development has shown that this issue remains unresolved to the full extent and requires detailing and indexes arrangement that can be used to assess the financial stability and determine its level. Actuality in solution of this scientific problem lies in the fact that financial stability of insurance companies is an important precondition for their survival in modern conditions, a factor of providing the insurance protection and maintaining the achieved standard of living of the population, full and timely performance of insurance obligations, effective and competitive functioning of the insurer in the future. In the article studies on the management of the financial stability of an insurance company on the basis of indexes arrangement of its assessment are performed in the following logical sequence: characteristic of the main tendencies in the development of the insurance market of Ukraine in recent years is outlined; the necessity of management of the financial stability of insurance companies is grounded in order to ensure their sustainable economic development; approaches to the definition in the essence of the financial stability of an insurance company are considered and the definition by Ukrainian researcher N. V. Tkachenko is adopted as the basis. On the basis of the analysis of recent scientific publications, theoretical and methodological developments by modern researchers, the authors of the article selected six groups of criteria for ensuring the financial stability, according to which the ratios for assessing the financial stability of insurance companies of these participants in financial markets are systematized and methodologically substantiated. The results of the research can be useful for managers and staff of insurance organizations, government oversight of insurance activities, teachers of economic specialties. Keywords: financial stability, insurance company, methodological approaches, assessment of financial stability. JEL Classification C1, G22, O16 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 20.

The article describes the experience of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education in the development and implementation of an innovative model for the professional training of specialists working in guardianship and custody bodies of minors in the conditions of specialized master's degree programme within the framework of psychological and pedagogical course. It is shown that this training course meets the requirements for the knowledge and abilities of specialists in performing labor functions, fixed in the professional standard of a specialist of guardianship and custody bodies (hereinafter referred to as PLO) [14]. The purpose of the training is to prepare a highly qualified specialist - the leader of change - ready to make effective and reasonable decisions, able to adapt the functioning of the PLO to dynamically changing environment. The article provides an overview of modern research in the development of a master's system in the Russian Federation. The methodological approaches to the development of the model are substantiated: “activity-based”, “competency-based” and “personality-oriented”, which allow combining a practice-oriented and research paradigms. It is shown how, in the context of the delivery of the educational program, masters develop these competencies. The structure and content of the master's program are described.

The article deals with the theoretical, methodological and analytical issues of the development of international strategic alliances that are becoming of increasing importance in the development of global markets and determine the general trends of technological and socio-economic business development. Identification of the content characteristics of the concept international strategic alliance allows outlining the functional areas of analysing their effectiveness. In accordance with the stages of forming the information and analytical support for managerial decisions regarding international strategic alliances, the author suggests the algorithm for analysing the effectiveness of their activities, as well as formulates the task of each stage systematize a set of indicators. The algorithm for calculating synergistic effects is proposed in the article and their qualitative characteristics from the standpoint of internal and external-oriented analysis are presented taking into account the potential of international strategic alliances for synergy. The practical issues of the development of international strategic alliances are presented in the example of Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, which gives an opportunity to outline both the issues of cooperation of participants and strategic guidelines. Discussion issues include the grouping of the advantages and disadvantages of the functioning of international strategic alliances. The results of the study suggest the principles of managing strategic alliances in the modern economy.

The paper considers theoretical and methodological aspects of budget potential. Our goal is to determine the place and role of budget potential in the system of potentials of the territory by studying the essence of this potential. We define the concept of “potential” and summarize the content of key elements of the system of territorial potentials. We analyze the evolution and modern interpretation of the term “budget potential of the territory” on the basis of domestic and foreign works. We find out that so far there is no unique approach to the content of budget potential in either domestic or foreign financial science. Scientific novelty of the paper is shown in the following: we carry out systematization and critical analysis of existing methodological approaches to the definition of budget potential, consider the conceptual content of six main and optional approaches, and identify five key issues of the budget potential methodology. First, many scientists, as well as Russian legislation, are investigating the problems of tax potential alone. Second, there is no single point of view on the very essence of the term “budget potential”. Third, we observe substitution of the concepts of “potential”, “resource”, “reserves”, “opportunities”, and “achieved level of development”. Fourth, there is no common understanding of the target setting of the term “budget potential”. Fifth, various stages of formation of budget potential are discussed. The paper puts forward our own vision of possible ways to solve the debatable issues. We clarify the interpretation of the term “budget potential”, which unlike the existing ones actualizes the main elements necessary for the disclosure of the content of this economic category, such as target, relationship with the sustainable development of the territory, constituting factors, and carriers. In the next stages of the study, we plan to consider the structural component of budget potential of the territory and methods of its evaluation. The materials of the paper can be used by researchers as a basis for further research and by management bodies in making management decisions, as well as in the educational sphere in bachelor’s, master’s, and postgraduate programs

The use of competitive intelligence methods in assessing the external and internal environment of enterprises of mechanical engineering enabled to determine the competitive advantages of each of them, to evaluate the possibilities and priority directions of further development. The carried out analysis shows the possibility of conducting competitive intelligence on the basis of the information contained on the Internet. In addition, the carried out analysis provides an opportunity to propose methodological approaches to assessing the activities of competitors and the business environment of the operation of the enterprise.

The purpose of the study is to find out the methodological foundations of the system of values of universities’ academic staff in the scientific achievements of domestic researchers. The legislative documents, which ratified the system of national values in general and values in the field of education in particular, are analyzed. It was discovered that the transformation of values is taking place, such as national values – national interests – national goals. The role of values in the educational process is revealed, their significance is established among the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process. The theoretical views of researchers are investigated and general approaches to studying the problem of values in the branches of philosophy, sociology, psychology, pedagogy are generalized. It was found out that the system-forming core of the personality are values (value orientations) that become relevant not only as the dominant direction of research in higher education in general, but also as a result of learning within the framework of obtaining value competences. It is substantiated that in the research of values (value orientations) of academic staff, it is expedient to use such methodological approaches: interdisciplinary, systemic, competence, activity, personality-oriented, cultural, axiological, social, synergetic and acmeological. The basic principles of values (value orientations) of universities’ academic staff are developed, which will promote effective its selection: professionalism, moral and ethics, responsibility, impartiality, trust, success, priority, identification.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the formation of physical education of student’s personality are methodological approaches that provide the interconnection and integrity of the process, and the principles that reflect the content and the peculiarities of the approaches as well. The categorical area of the research of the formation of physical education of student’s personality in a higher institution includes the substantiation of such items like “personality’s physical education”, “physical intelligence”, “physical and valeological competence”. The process of the formation of physical education of student’s personality in a higher institution will become effective if it is formed on the following principles: the complex of system, cultural, competent, innovative and personality-directed approaches in the formation of physical education of student’s personality; purpose stating and innovation in its formation. The system approach works in the formation of physical education of student’s personality and the other approaches integrate in it. During the process of scientific work the theoretical and methodological model of the formation of physical education of student’s personality was developed.

The widespread proliferation of information and communication technologies and the task of meeting the sustainable development goals by overcoming the uneven access of the younger generation to information and communication technologies require the presence of the high level of the ICT competence and the ability to carry out tutoring activities in the information society for teachers-to-be. The paper offers the methodological approaches (contents, methods, tools, and technologies) of forming the tutor ICT competence in the process of future teachers’ professional training. The educational content, which aims at building the ICT competence of teachers as tutors is distributed over the entire period of students’ study at higher educational institutions. During the study of compulsory subjects in the Bachelor program and the "Organization of distance learning in the educational institution" elective discipline in the Master program, students are familiarized with theoretical and methodological aspects of the use of ICT in tutoring. The main method of forming the tutor ICT competence is the portfolio method, in particular, the use of e-portfolio. As the main means of the formation of the tutor ICT competence, computer training programs, e-resources, Internet resources, mobile applications, virtual and augmented reality are determined. E-mail, blogs, social networks, webinars, chats have been used as the technologies of network interaction for forming the tutor ICT competence. In order to identify effective methodological approaches to the formation of the ICT competence of future teachers as tutors, the study has been conducted based on the collection of information by means of questionnaires and statistical processing of the results. The analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment and comparison of indicators of control and experimental groups before and after the study have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methodological approaches to the formation of the tutor ICT competence. Implementation of these methodological approaches has become possible due to the introduction of information and educational environment with distance learning technologies and information and communication technologies as its main components.

The study of marine coastal food webs has a central role in the application of the integrated ecosystem approach for marine management. Changes in food webs caused by natural or anthropic drivers can lead to dramatic shifts in the overall structure and function of coastal marine ecosystems and deterioration of their services. The present review investigates the methodological approaches employed for the assessment of coastal shelf food webs at a global scale and highlights existing gaps and limitations. Out of 1652 published articles that initially met our search criteria, 880 passed the initial screening and 493 were found relevant and were fully analyzed. The information extracted included the spatiotemporal coverage of the studies; the main methodological approaches utilized for the assessment of population state variables (i.e., biomass, size, abundance) and trophic levels; the biotic components and driving factors considered; indices used to describe the structure and functioning of coastal food webs; and main knowledge gaps. Results showed that most studies have been conducted at a subnational level, mostly in the Temperate Northern Atlantic marine realm. Overall, 54% of the studies provided quantitative information on food web structure. The most common methodological approach utilized was modeling (40%), followed by non-experimental-based correlations (30%), and natural or manipulative experiments (14%). Information on population state variables was provided by 69% of the studies, while 42% employed some of the following trophic level determination techniques: stable isotopes, gut contents, fatty acids, and molecular analysis, which were either combined or used in isolation. Specific natural or human drivers were incorporated in 76% of the studies, with fishing being the most common driver. Modeling approaches included multiple indices to describe food web attributes and/or the structure and functioning of coastal shelf ecosystems. Despite the great progress achieved through the development of new tools and techniques, food web analysis still suffers from important knowledge gaps and limitations of the methodological approaches, which are extensively discussed. The present review establishes a useful knowledge base to provide guidance for future research and assessments on coastal shelf food webs, and to support ecosystem-based management.

The article explores methodological approaches to state finance management. The systemic and holistic approaches are briefly characterized. The practice of using the project-oriented approach in the management of state finances of Ukraine is analyzed. The process approach is considered and the authors vision of the state finance management process is presented. The visualization of the cybernetic approach is realized and the necessity of its application in the management of state finances is substantiated. The importance of using the information approach, which provides for the implementation of certain steps towards the adoption of sound management decisions, is proved. The advantages and disadvantages of these methodological approaches to the management of state finances are determined and directions for their application and improvement are proposed.

The paper is devoted to a detailed and comprehensive analysis of such economic category as competitiveness. Its beginning is focused on plurality of interpretations for a “competitiveness” term depending on goals and objectives, and it also provides a description of such economic category as “competitive advantage”. In addition the paper describes the most widespread approaches to competitiveness based on the opinion of reputable scientists and researchers (J. Faberberg, M. Francis, M. Best, A. Figuera) and it gives a definition of competitiveness at the micro-, meso- and macro levels. Detailed description of competitive relation levels, relationship and interaction between subjects (participants) of competitive relations depending on the competition level (national, international) has been given in the paper. Taking into account the approaches developed by prestigious foreign and national scientists, the author has prepared his own classification of methodological approaches to a definition of competitiveness on the basis of factors that ensure its growth and goals which it is striving for (its qualitative characteristics). The given classification includes seven groups of theories: production theories (theories of production efficiency), institutional theories, theories of technological (innovative) development (improvement), market (marketing) theories, theories of national (social) welfare, management theories and mixed theories. In addition, some indicators have been pinpointed and these indicators make it possible to analyze competitiveness (consumer price index, growth rate of inflation, nominal exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble, GDP growth rate, GDP structure (share of national economy sectors), monetization (ratio M2/GDP), availability of financial (credit) resources: dynamics of refinancing rate, credit rates (collateral, intraday, overnight credit, rates on REPO operations), producer price index (growth rate of prices for raw materials, real wages), level of tax burden for enterprises of industry and business, availability of tax incentives for innovative business (presence of an innovative component in business)) and they are proposed to be added for the forms of statistical reports, in particular a report on production of industrial products (works, services), a report on prices, a report on current costs for environmental protection, a report on implementation of research and development, a report on labor.

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the necessity of professional development in the field of human resource management of heads and specialists of the innovative organizations in a modern economic situation. In the article, the results of the conducted research of a personnel management system are given in the organizations of the Russian Federation (Voronezh region), and the necessity of creation of professional development system is proved in the field of human resource management of heads and specialists of the innovative organizations. The leading approaches to the research of this issue are the analysis and methodological justification of the psychological and pedagogical conditions which are necessary to realize the system of professional development in the field of human resource management of experts and heads of the innovative organizations. The implemented analysis defined the low level of competence of heads in the field of human resource management of most researched organizations. Professional development in the field of human resource management does not correspond to modern social and economic development conditions. To eliminate this problem the authors suggested theoretical and methodological basic concepts to establish the system of professional development in the field of human resource management of heads and specialists of the innovative organizations.

The article suggests integrated (joint) assessment, monitoring and analysis of the quality and degree of environmental sustainability of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the principles of the «green» economy. The subject of the study is the influence of the environmental factor on the social and economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The aim of the study is to develop and approbate a methodology for an integrated assessment of the level of the ecological state and its impact on the socio-economic development of the republic. Methods of research - economic and statistical, analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive, comparison, system, expert assessments, etc. A number of factors substantiating the development of a methodology for determining priorities and directions for the formation of environmental policy balanced on social and economic criteria, based on a comprehensive assessment indicators reflecting the level of the environmental situation in the Republic of Belarus, the implementation of which will promote economic growth and reduce social tensions while improving the quality of the environment. The results of the mathematical calculations are given, the relative values of the indicators are converted into the final rating estimates by years, and the rating of the republic is formed relative to each year under review. The basic principles in the field of environmental protection are formulated to ensure environmentally friendly conditions for society and citizens. Priority directions of ensuring environmental sustainability of the Republic of Belarus are determined.

The methodological approaches to pupils’ ecological culture education such as axiological and cultural had been revealed in the article.

Рассматривается вопрос, связанный с разработкой адаптивной системы математической подготовки студентов высших учебных заведений. Изучены концептуальные уровни методологического анализа: философский, общенаучный, конкретно-научный, технологический, образующие сложную соподчиненную систему. В качестве методологической основы исследования рассмотрены идеи системного, синергетического, средового, личностно ориентированного, компетентностного, деятельностного, контекстного, технологического, аксиологического и культурологического подходов. Выявлены и описаны основные функциональные и содержательно-смысловые характеристики подходов, являющиеся методологическим обоснованием для проектирования адаптивной системы математической подготовки студентов вуза.

Представлены обоснование и разработка содержания инновационной учебной дисциплины. На основании анализа ФГОС ВПО и учебных планов сделан вывод о том, что во всех блоках профессионально-педагогической подготовки педагогов по физической культуре недостаточно представлена восстановительно-профилактическая направленность подготовки, отсутствует интегрированная учебная дисциплина, предметом которой является теория и методика восстановительных и профилактических средств, применяемых в спорте, физическом воспитании, учебной и производственной деятельности. Автор при обосновании содержания дисциплины опирается на методологические подходы, принципы профессиональной восстановительно-профилактической подготовки педагога по физической культуре, принципы восстановительно-профилактической подготовки спортсменов в структуре спортивной тренировки, на требования квалификационных характеристик, на системообразующие признаки сферы физической культуры и спорта: типы образовательных, физкультурно-спортивных, оздоровительных учреждений; профиль; вид профессиональной деятельности педагогов по физической культуре. С учетом установленных опорных оснований выделено пять разделов и разработано их содержание.

The necessity of creation of a national conception of formation of the internal system of quality assurance of higher education institutions with obligatory introduction of methodological approach in its structure is substantiated; the variant of its terminological provision with clarification of the content of concepts of «quality of education», «internal system of quality of education», «methodological approach» is proposed; positioning of the approach in the system of other standard scientific instruments (method, methodology, program, algorithm) is done; arguments for the orientation of the methodology of formation of the internal system of quality assurance of higher education institutions towards the socio-cultural model of paradigm are provided; a hierarchical classification of methodological approaches with allocation of the philosophical, scientific, concrete-scientific, technological levels and the characteristics of their purpose and contents is presented.

The paper dwells on basic legal and sub-legislative documents issued in the EU, the USA, Canada, by the WTO and Codex Alimentarius Commission which provide control of consumer products safety on the basis of assessing risks for consumers' life and health. Risk-oriented surveillance is shown as a system which makes for lower loads on business but still provides systemic control over most hazardous products. The EU legislation fixes the right to perform supranational control over state control systems existing in the EU member states in terms of their relevance and legitimacy. This supranational control is supported by organizational structures and regulatory and methodological documents. National control systems are systematically reviewed and analyzed in order to secure their conformity to supranational regulatory acts, to detect any cases of non-compliance, and to spread the best practices. Risk analysis reviews and results are open and discussable. As a result of products hazards assessment their turnover can be limited, or they can be withdrawn from the market, or additional information on hazards or risks they may cause is to be provided for consumers. Public and constantly operating systems of informing about hazardous goods are well-developed. International experience and practices in the sphere of risk-oriented surveillance over consumer products can be and should be applied in the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) countries. The Eurasian Economic Union countries fix orientation at observing consumer goods safety principles in their legislation. There are also legal grounds for and practices in the sphere of risk-oriented approach to products manufactures. But it is necessary to further develop a products classification system as per consumer health risk parameters. And this task requires working out unified approaches to classification of both eatable and non-eatable products. It seems relevant to develop a public analytical database of risk-oriented control created with the use of the control and surveillance activities results obtained in the EEU countries. All the involved parties should more actively interact and exchange information on issues of products risks assessment as it is a vital component required for further development of the system.

The article considers the experience of Russian and leading foreign regulatory agencies in organisation and conduction of preclinical and clinical trials of human immunoglobulin products. The authors suggest a classification of human immunoglobulins and provide updated information on authorization of these products in Russia. The article summarizes methodological approaches, basic scientific principles and criteria relating to expert evaluation of preclinical and clinical trials of blood products. The authors further define the expert body’s requirements for data on preclinical and clinical trials of human normal immuniglobulins and human specific immunoglobulins for the prevention and/or treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases which are submitted as part of applications for marketing authorization or marketing authorization variation. The article suggests programs of preclinical and clinical trials for human normal immunoglobulins and human specific immunoglobulins for the prevention and/or treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases that are aligned with the Russian legislation and Eurasian Economic Union’s regulations on medicines circulation, and have been elaborated with respect to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency.

The aim of article. The purpose of the article is to improve and formalize methodological approaches to staff recruitment at labour markets. The results of the analysis. The integral result of the study is the following. The author systematized the main problems of the staff recruitment according to the subjects of the employment process (or their place of origin): 1) on the part of the applicants: - inflated / deflated self-esteem; - incorrect understanding of their own capabilities, abilities and aptitudes; - incorrect assessment of their own physical and mental health; - incorrect formulation of expectations from the new position (inflated, deflated or inadequate); - willful false responses in the survey (in order to get a better position); - inaccurate responses in the survey (due to misunderstanding of the nature of questions); - popular or prestigious professions preference, but not those to which the applicant has more talent; - providing inaccurate personal information (false or willful); 2) on the part of employers: - wrong definition of the criteria list to be met by applicants; - inflated requirements to applicants; - the best quality choice among applicants, but not employees for teamwork; 3) on the part of Heads of Labour Markets (as well as employment agencies): - lack of adequate supervision of Labour Market specialists activity (i.e., the quality level in the staff recruitment for specific employers orders); - lack of motivation to improve the skill level of subordinates; 4) on the part of experts on recruitment: - recruitment of the best available applicants, rather than looking for the applicants who fully meet the requirements; - not precise understanding of the requirements for applicants; - the use of inappropriate methods for the applicants recruitment. Such systematization of major problems can determine the direction of management decisions aimed at improving the process of recruitment more accurately. The essential characteristics of methodological approaches that are used while working at Labour Markets are studied. It is indicated that they can determine the following: - professional orientation of a person; - special features of the higher nervous system; - intelligent features; - emotional and volitional sphere of a personality etc. Classification of methodological approaches to staff recruitment enhanced with the classification characteristics «as intended» is improved, allowing everyone to share all methodological approaches to general and specialized. In the future it will allow to differentiate questionnaires and formalize the process of staff recruitment in the first stage. The main directions of formalization of methodological approaches to staff recruitment at the Labour Market is determined: - determination of the recommended list of common procedures to select applicants; - determination of the recommended list of specialized procedures to select candidates for the position; - development of methodological approaches to complex assessment of the applicant. Conclusions and directions for further research. The results of this study can be used in the Labour Markets practical activity as well as employment agencies. Taking into account that the issue of developing integrated universal procedures have not been thoroughly unexplored and exhausted yet, the certain statements of the study can be the basis for further scientific research.

The article provides an overview of publications about Vjačeslav Ivanov from the last three years in the context of a panoramic review of all Ivanov studies. This overview is based on a review of literary criticism from 1903 to 1995 undertaken by P. Davidson, who distinguished the main stages of mastering the poet’s many-sided legacy in the 20th century: the development of his literary reputation; inclusion into the literary canon of Russian modernism; the period of oblivion and, finally, the return of the poet’s name to the realm of Russian and European literary studies. The main subject under consideration is the development of Russian Ivanov studies, and the identification of existing methodological approaches to Ivanov’s heritage. The criterion base of this taxonomy is the distinction between the history of literature and literary history as a distinction between the integral, conceptualizing and empirical fields of philology science. An analysis of contemporary Ivanov studies allows us to make a conclusion about the prevalence of empirical approaches (studying the facts of Ivanov’s life and work) and the existence of a conceptual deficiency connected with the crisis of the humanities in general.

This introduction presents the structuring of this special issue around four axes. The first set of articles locates the trajectory of Métropoles with regards to the evolution of its ambitions and contents, as well as editorial context. The second set of articles brings together scientific investigations, which collectively question the conditions of criticism in urban studies. The third part focuses on the issue of metropolization in cities in the South, exploring areas that have not yet been adequately covered in the journal. Finally, several portraits close this special issue. They invite the reader to reconsider disciplinary boundaries and interfaces between social and political worlds.

Methodical approaches to selecting strategic areas of managing the future location of franchise retail network outlets are presented. The main stages in the assessment of strategic areas of managing the future location of franchise retail network outlets have been determined and the evaluation criteria have been suggested. Since such selection requires consideration of a variety of indicators and directions of the assessment, the author proposes a scale of evaluation, which allows generalizing and organizing the research data and calculations of the previous stages of the analysis. The most important criteria and sequence of the selection of the potential franchisees for the franchise retail network have been identified, the technique for their evaluation has been proposed. The use of the suggested methodological approaches will allow the franchiser making sound decisions on the selection of potential target markets, minimizing expenditures of time and efforts on the selection of franchisees and hence optimizing the process of development of the franchise retail network, which will contribute to the formation of its structure.

This article describes the theoretical aspects and methodological approaches inthe solving some problems and the tasksadaptive management of the industrycorporations such as: some problemsof methodology of economic science,management and corporate governanceof the Russian industry corporations inthe up-to-date conditions of innovativedevelopment of the Russian economics.

The economic evaluation of renewable natural resources is the urgent and unsolved problem. Today, the assessment of natural resources is a priority for the national strategy of environmental management. In our country, a great influence on this process was provided by the development of market relations, causing the necessity to evaluate the natural resources potential. The state cadastral evaluation of natural resources is the basis for land tax, but it does not allow to assess comprehensively the natural resources potential. The article reveals the concept of economic evaluation, describes its implementation in the Northern regions. In the paper, the authors consider the traditional methodological approaches to the economic evaluation: cost and its modification, rent, market and alternative ones as well as the approaches based on the results of sociological research widely used lately. Also, the methodological approaches using the results of sociological research are utilized. For the assessment of the natural resources, the authors recommend the effective approaches that ensure the comparability calculations and improvement of the reliability of results. The proposed methodological approaches to the measurement of land, forestry, hunting, fishery and biological resources of wild plants allow to take into account the specific features of the Northern territories and implement a comprehensive economic assessment of natural resources potential of the territory. The authors consider the calculation of the unit value index of natural resources potential to rank the Northern territories of the Russian Federation according to the proportionality of project investment for development of natural resources. Methodological recommendations are approved for the conditions of the Berezovsky municipal region of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra.

Every questioning of a witness by a prosecutor is of a legal and formal nature. Its aim is to determine “what really happened”. A historian, if interested not only in reconstruction of the course of events, strives to get to know the world of the witness he or she is interviewing. These aims determine the methods, but do not exclude learning from each other’s experience, as well as results of investigations, inquiries and research. The same person can be the subject of interest for a narrative; a prosecutor and a historian can complement each other in their findings. This article represents a contribution to the discussion on the differences in methodology in the work of historians and prosecutors, as well as the importance of interviews with witnesses for the research on contemporary history.

The review analyzes the monographs of the scientific school of Professor A. A. Vartumyan on methodological approaches to the study of modern political processes. It is concluded that the monographs produce a very useful inventory of research tools of various campaigns, very useful in the conditions of a shortage of methodological culture.

This article is devoted to the process of establishing a network’ structures and their management, which based on the different methodological approaches. The modern development of economic relations are closely connected with the changing of market relations and economic orientation of the enterprise, it affected at the development of network entities. The interest of scientific community to the processes of networking organizations was caused by the deepening of integration processes and using of various forms of inter-firm interaction. According to the analysis of the professional literature, it was installed that there were no attempts to substantiate the essential functioning of characteristics and the process of phenomenon of the network economy. Effective management of network structures based on use the relationship between the features of the network economy and the process of phenomenalization of this economy. The statement of basic materials: interpretation of scientific views and the definition of “network economy”; logic in the network economy; the investigation або study of the formation, development and functioning of the network economy; discovery (education) the phenomenon of the network economy. Conclusions: formed a general idea about the network structure; described the interconnection of functioning the essential characteristics and phenomenal network economy; the use an arsenal of methodological approaches secured the effective management of network structures.