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With the ultra-thin thickness and excellent performance, metalens are bi-dimensional optical elements composed of nanopatterned structures that demonstrate significant potential for various applications such as holography, planar imaging and tomography. However, the small size of metalens makes it challenging to precisely quantify their wavefront aberration, thus impeding their broader utilization. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative method for measuring wavefront aberration in metalens using phase-shift interferometry. Furthermore, we have developed the Small Aperture Interferometric Imaging Detection System with variable fields of view, specifically designed for metalens. This system can accurately measure the wavefront aberration of metalens with different fields of view with PV accuracy of 1/20λ, further enabling the acquisition of imaging performance parameters, including Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and Point Spread Function (PSF). This innovative measurement approach not only enables quantitative evaluation of performance of metalens but also assists designers and manufacturers in optimizing process flows and identifying potential defects. As a result, this approach aids in promoting the industrial application of metalens.

The SPR phenomenon results in an abrupt change in the optical phase such that one can measure the phase shift of the reflected light as a sensing parameter. Moreover, many studies have demonstrated that the phase changes more acutely than the intensity, leading to a higher sensitivity to the refractive index change. However, currently, the optical phase cannot be measured directly because of its high frequency; therefore, investigators usually have to use complicated techniques for the extraction of phase information. In this study, we propose a simple and effective strategy for measuring the SPR phase shift based on phase-shift interferometry. In this system, the polarization-dependent interference signals are recorded simultaneously by a pixelated polarization camera in a single snapshot. Subsequently, the phase information can be effortlessly acquired by a phase extraction algorithm. Experimentally, the proposed phase-sensitive SPR sensor was successfully applied for the detection of small molecules of glyphosate, which is the most frequently used herbicide worldwide. Additionally, the sensor exhibited a detection limit of 15 ng/mL (0.015 ppm). Regarding its simplicity and effectiveness, we believe that our phase-sensitive SPR system presents a prospective method for acquiring phase signals.