1. RNAi Reveals Phase-Specific Global Regulators of Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming
- Author
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Cheng-Xu Delon Toh, Jun-Wei Chan, Zheng-Shan Chong, Hao Fei Wang, Hong Chao Guo, Sandeep Satapathy, Dongrui Ma, Germaine Yen Lin Goh, Ekta Khattar, Lin Yang, Vinay Tergaonkar, Young-Tae Chang, James J. Collins, George Q. Daley, Keng Boon Wee, Chadi A. EL Farran, Hu Li, Yoon-Pin Lim, Frederic A. Bard, and Yuin-Han Loh
- Subjects
human somatic cell reprogramming ,genome-wide siRNA screen ,SFRS11 ,reprogramming specific alternative splicing ,ZNF207 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms at work continues to hamper efforts to maximize reprogramming efficiency. Here, we present a systematic genome-wide RNAi screen to determine the global regulators during the early stages of human reprogramming. Our screen identifies functional repressors and effectors that act to impede or promote the reprogramming process. Repressors and effectors form close interacting networks in pathways, including RNA processing, G protein signaling, protein ubiquitination, and chromatin modification. Combinatorial knockdown of five repressors (SMAD3, ZMYM2, SFRS11, SAE1, and ESET) synergistically resulted in ∼85% TRA-1-60-positive cells. Removal of the novel splicing factor SFRS11 during reprogramming is accompanied by rapid acquisition of pluripotency-specific spliced forms. Mechanistically, SFRS11 regulates exon skipping and mutually exclusive splicing of transcripts in genes involved in cell differentiation, mRNA splicing, and chromatin modification. Our study provides insights into the reprogramming process, which comprises comprehensive and multi-layered transcriptional, splicing, and epigenetic machineries.
- Published
- 2016
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