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Abstract Venous vascular malformations of the parotid gland are very rare vascular tumors, especially among adults. This case report discusses the presentation and challenges of diagnosing a venous vascular malformation of the parotid gland in a patient with previous oncologic history. Our patient is a 45‐year‐old female with a history of breast cancer, meningioma, and secreting pituitary adenoma who presented with a malformation on magnetic resonance imaging, incidentally demonstrating a T2 intense mass in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland. She was otherwise asymptomatic. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration was nondiagnostic. She underwent a right inferior superficial parotidectomy. Histologic section analysis demonstrated a well‐delineated vascular tumor made of large vascular spaces with thin walls surrounded by a parotid tissue consistent with a venous vascular malformation of the parotid gland. Venous vascular malformations are exceedingly rare, especially among adults. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration can be of limited value. Parotidectomy may be electively considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract Background To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, therapeutic methods, and prognosis of secretory carcinoma of salivary gland (SCSG). Methods The clinicopathologic data of 13 patients with SCSG admitted to Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and a literature review was performed. Results A total of eight males and five females aged 22–78 years old were enrolled, and they commonly presented with painless masses in the parotid or submandibular gland. They all underwent surgical treatment, accompanied by typical pathological examinations postoperatively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted in seven cases, the results were all positive, and no gene fusion other than ETV6-NTRK3 was found. Two patients developed local relapse during follow-up, both of which were in the surgical area. By the end of the follow-up, 12 patients survived and one patient died. Conclusions SCSG is a rare low-grade malignancy with a good prognosis. Pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics are the key to secretory carcinoma (SC) diagnosis, and surgical excision is the major treatment means for SCSG. Whether to perform simultaneous cervical lymph node dissection and other adjuvant therapies should be determined based on the pathological stage and the presence or absence of high-risk factors.

Calculus represents a mineralized form of bacterial plaque, commonly developing on natural tooth surfaces exposed to a continuous supply of saliva. The salivary composition significantly influences the degree of calculus formation in individuals, exerting a pivotal role in this aspect. Reduced salivary output elevates vulnerability to oral diseases. Numerous contributing elements might be associated with the development of significant calculus, potentially implicating the existence of a salivary gland tumor, notably related to the left parotid gland. This report stands as notable documentation of an extraordinary and infrequent occurrence of calculus formation associated with a salivary gland tumor, presenting an exceptional case within the scope of medical literature.

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to characterize the ultrasonography (US) features of cystic components in salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Materials and methods A total of 207 patients (218 lesions) with pathologically confirmed primary SGTs were analyzed. Preoperative US revealed the presence of cystic components in lesions. Lesion size, shape, margin, and US findings of the cystic components, including number, distribution, margin, occupying rate, and internal characteristics, were evaluated. Results Similarities were observed between the US performance of benign SGTs (B-SGTs) and malignant SGTs (M-SGTs) with cystic components. Differences in sex and age of patients, number, distribution, and internal characteristics of cystic components were statistically significant. For SGTs with cystic components, the proportions of M-SGTs to ill-defined margins (P = 0.002), eccentric distribution (P = 0.019), and none of the internal characteristics (P = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of B-SGTs. Younger age (P = 0.001), eccentric distribution (P = 0.034) and ill-defined margin (P < 0.001) were risk factors for diagnosing M-SGTs. Cystic component features needed to be combined with lesion indicators (border and shape) to improve diagnostic sensitivity. Conclusions US features of the B-SGTs and M-SGTs were significantly different. Cystic component is of interest in the US-related differential diagnosis of B-SGT and M-SGT. Clinical relevance Cystic components are potentially valuable in the differential diagnosis of B-SGTs and M-SGTs on US.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for less than 0.2 % of all primary lung malignancies. Here we present two cases of lung ACC (ACCL), first is a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed with ACCL and surgically treated at another institution. She presented with recurrent tumor which was resected at our hospital. No adjuvant treatment was given, and she is without any signs of residual tumor or recurrence after 6 months. The second case is a 68-year-old female with a right upper lobe nodule noticed in 2017 but declined biopsy due to fear of possible complications. In 2022 she underwent biopsy at our institution which showed ACCL and was treated surgically without adjuvant therapy. Till date she is with no evidence of residual tumor or recurrence. Multiple disciplines need to work together to provide the best patient care from accurate diagnosis to surgical resection and additional therapy. More research is needed to generate guidelines for treatment of this rare malignancy, especially the indications for chemotherapy.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands, representing 1–2% of salivary gland neoplasms. It is considered a low-grade tumor, often associated with a good prognosis. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with 3-month history of a growing, painless mass in the right ascending ramus of the mandible. Ultrasound and CT scan showed an asymmetry between parotid glands, depicting a nodular structure on the right side. A parotid fine needle aspiration cytology revealed neoplastic cells suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent a total parotidectomy with lymph node dissection. Histopathology result was reported as BCAC. The patient concluded adjuvant radiotherapy and continued follow-up surveillance without evidence of relapse. The adjuvant approach in this case was decided by a multidisciplinary team given the absence of classically known risk factors. We highlight the importance of considering BCAC in the differential diagnosis in salivary gland tumors.

Statement of the Problem: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plays important roles in many cellular processes and has been implicated in different types of diseases such as cancers.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of HSP27 in patients with salivary gland tumors and to determine its possible correlation with the prognosis of the disease.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 patients with salivary gland tumor including 16 pleomorphic adenoma, 33 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 6 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 5 acinic cell carcinoma, and 28 healthy control subjects. The control cases were healthy blood donors who matched the study group in age and sex. Serum samples were obtained from the clotted blood and HSP27concentrations were measured with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA, post Hoc test, independent sample t-test, and ROC analysis. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The mean serum level of HSP27 was 3956.1±3830.1 (pg/ml) in patients with malignant salivary gland tumor, which was significantly higher than that in benign salivary gland tumor (752.2±485.6) and healthy controls (602.3±575.8) (p< 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the HSP27 serum levels between the patients with benign salivary gland tumors and healthy controls (p= 0.2). No association was detected between the mean serum levels of HSP27 and clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, stage and nodal metastasis (p> 0.05), except for the tumor size (p= 0.04).Conclusion: The HSP27 concentration increased in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors. Moreover, the HSP27 level was correlated with tumor growth, invasiveness, and diagnosability. Yet, larger clinical studies are required to explore its prognostic value.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a relevant, highly diverse subgroup of head and neck tumors whose entity determination can be difficult. Confocal Raman imaging in combination with multivariate data analysis may possibly support their correct classification. For the analysis of the translational potential of Raman imaging in SGT determination, a multi-stage evaluation process is necessary. By measuring a sample set of Warthin tumor, pleomorphic adenoma and non-tumor salivary gland tissue, Raman data were obtained and a thorough Raman band analysis was performed. This evaluation revealed highly overlapping Raman patterns with only minor spectral differences. Consequently, a principal component analysis (PCA) was calculated and further combined with a discriminant analysis (DA) to enable the best possible distinction. The PCA-DA model was characterized by accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and precision values above 90% and validated by predicting model-unknown Raman spectra, of which 93% were classified correctly. Thus, we state our PCA-DA to be suitable for parotid tumor and non-salivary salivary gland tissue discrimination and prediction. For evaluation of the translational potential, further validation steps are necessary.

Abstract Background Currently, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland (MC‐SG) have not been defined well. The present study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MC‐SG patients. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched for all patients diagnosed with MC‐SG between 1991 and 2016. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank tests were used to evaluate the survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify prognostic biomarkers for overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS). Furthermore, a prognostic nomogram was established, and its predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were determined using the concordance index (C‐index). Results In total, 245 patients diagnosed with MC‐SG were identified. The median OS was 152.0 months, with 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates of 79.8%, 69.2%, and 50.3%. The 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year DSS rates were 82.5%, 77.1%, and 61.9%, respectively. Regarding the treatment regimen, most patients (92.2%) underwent surgery, and 103 patients (42.4%) received postoperative radiotherapy. Surgery could significantly prolong OS and DSS (p .05). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that T category (T4), lymph node metastasis (N2), distant metastasis (M1), and poor differentiation were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for OS and DSS. Older age (>62 years) was also independently associated with OS. In addition, the C‐index for the established OS‐ and DSS‐specific nomogram was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72–0.88) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.90). Conclusion Age, tumor invasion, metastases, and pathological grade were independently associated with prognosis of MC‐SG patients, and the prognostic nomogram of this rare disease was established.

Background: Myoepithelial cells are involved in the development of salivary glands. Many studies propose that these cells can prevent cell proliferation. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression of Ki-67, P63, P40, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in salivary gland carcinomas with or without myoepithelial differentiation. Methods: A panel of myoepithelial markers including P63, P40, α-SMA, and Ki-67 were used for immunohistochemical study in 67 salivary gland carcinomas (33 with and 34 without myoepithelial differentiation). The percentage of positive cells was calculated (in high-power field) from a minimum of 1000 neoplastic cells. SPSS software (version 21) was used. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between Ki-67 expression and the presence or absence of myoepithelial cells (P = 0.6), but Ki-67 expression was related to the age (P = 0.032) and location of carcinomas (P = 0.001). All carcinomas with myoepithelial differentiation exhibited consistent P63+/P40+ staining, whereas polymorphous adenocarcinomas showed P63+/P40− immunophenotype. The expression of Ki-67 in adenoid cystic carcinomas was higher than mucoepidermoid carcinomas (P = 0.020) and polymorphous adenocarcinomas (P = 0.002). Conclusion: In the present study, although the decrease in the number of myoepithelial cells was associated with increased proliferation in adenoid cystic carcinomas, no such relationship was found in the overall assessment between the two groups. This can be justified by the fact that the clinical behavior of salivary carcinomas and their cell proliferation may be affected by factors other than the presence of myoepithelial cells or lack thereof. Ki-67 and P63/P40 expressions may be useful to differentiate adenoid cystic carcinomas from polymorphous adenocarcinomas in small biopsies.

Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare lesion that is mostly seen in the mandible and in the premolar and molar region. In some cases, clear cells can be seen, which makes it difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this case report is the clinical and histopathological evaluation of the clear cell variant of hntraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the anterior region of the lower jaw that was referred to the dentistry faculty of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.

Abstract Metastases of distant primary tumors on the parotid gland are very rare. Tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis to salivary gland tumors is extremely rare. A case of a 69‐year‐old woman with a large left parotid gland mass with no previous salivary gland problems or cancer. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) showed evidence of a Warthin tumor. A total left parotidectomy was performed. The final pathology report showed a Warthin tumor containing two metastases of adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry of the metastases led to the diagnosis of primary breast cancer. A negative FNA does not rule out the possibility of a malignant parotid tumor or metastasis, and a parotid lump should be presumed to be a secondary tumor until proven otherwise if the patient has a history of any distant primary cancer. Our patient case serves as a reminder that a new distant primary cancer might be the cause of a parotid lump.

Ultrasound is the primary tool for evaluating salivary gland tumors (SGTs); however, tumor diagnosis currently relies on subjective features. This study aimed to establish an objective ultrasound diagnostic method using deep learning. We collected 446 benign and 223 malignant SGT ultrasound images in the training/validation set and 119 benign and 44 malignant SGT ultrasound images in the testing set. We trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models from scratch and employed transfer learning (TL) with fine-tuning and gradual unfreezing to classify malignant and benign SGTs. The diagnostic performances of these models were compared. By utilizing the pretrained ResNet50V2 with fine-tuning and gradual unfreezing, we achieved a 5-fold average validation accuracy of 0.920. The diagnostic performance on the testing set demonstrated an accuracy of 89.0%, a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 91.6%, a positive predictive value of 78.3%, and a negative predictive value of 93.2%. This performance surpasses that of other models in our study. The corresponding Grad-CAM visualizations were also presented to provide explanations for the diagnosis. This study presents an effective and objective ultrasound method for distinguishing between malignant and benign SGTs, which could assist in preoperative evaluation.

PurposeThe clinical practice of elastosonography for the detection of salivary gland tumors is still a controversial issue. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of elastosonography for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors and to compare the diagnostic value of elastosonography and conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.MethodsA comprehensive literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was carried out from inception to November 2021. Two researchers independently extracted the data from the enrolled papers using a standard data extraction form. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of elastosonography. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies—2 (QUADAS-2) tool was utilized to evaluate the quality of each included study. Meta-DiSc version 1.4, Review Manager 5.3, and StataSE 15 were used.ResultsSixteen studies with a total of 1105 patients with 1146 lesions were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR of elastosonography for the differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors were 0.73 (95%CI, 0.66–0.78), 0.64 (95%CI, 0.61–0.67), 2.83 (95%CI, 1.97–4.07), 0.45 (95%CI, 0.32–0.62), and 9.86 (95%CI, 4.49–21.62), respectively, with an AUC of 0.82. Four studies provided data regarding the conventional ultrasound for the differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.62 (95%CI, 0.50–0.73), 0.93 (95%CI, 0.90–0.96), and 25.07 (95%CI, 4.28–146.65), respectively. The meta-regression and subgroup analyses found that assessment methods were associated with significant heterogeneity, and quantitative or semiquantitative elastosonography performed better than the qualitative one.ConclusionsElastosonography showed a limited value for diagnosing malignant salivary gland tumors; it could be considered as a supplementary diagnostic technology to conventional ultrasound, and quantitative or semiquantitative elastosonography was superior to the qualitative one.

Abstract Objective Pleomorphic adenomas have risks of malignant transformation and post operate recurrence. Therefor it is important that diagnosing pleomorphic adenomas or Warthin tumors before an operation. We evaluated the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid for making differential diagnoses between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. Methods CEUS was performed the day before surgery in 39 patients. We compared the time‐intensity curve and capillary density rate of 14 pleomorphic adenomas and 13 Warthin tumors. Results Pleomorphic adenomas demonstrated a significantly longer time to peak intensity and lower maximum curve gradient of wash‐in than Warthin tumors. The capillary density rate of Warthin tumors tended to be greater than that of pleomorphic adenomas. Conclusions CEUS and capillary density rate analysis using Sonazoid is helpful for the differential diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. Level of Evidence 3b.

Perioperative complications after parotidectomy are poorly studied and have a potential impact on hospitalization stay. The Clavien–Dindo classification of postoperative complications used in visceral surgery allows a recording of all complications, including a grading scale related to the severity of complication. The cohort analyzed for perioperative complications is composed of 436 parotidectomies classified into three types, four groups, and three classes, depending on extent of parotid resection, inclusion of additional procedures, and pathology, respectively. Using the Clavien–Dindo classification, complications were reported in 77% of the interventions. In 438 complications, 430 (98.2%) were classified as minor (332 grade I and 98 grade II), and 8 (1.8%) were classified as major (grade III). Independent variables affecting the risk of perioperative complications were duration of surgery (odds ratio = 1.007, p-value = 0.029) and extent of parotidectomy (odds ratio = 4.043, p-value = 0.007). Total/subtotal parotidectomy was associated with an increased risk of grade II-III complications (odds ratio = 2.866 (95% CI: 1.307–6.283), p-value = 0.009). Median hospital stay increased moderately in patients with complications. Use of Clavien–Dindo classification shows that parotidectomy is followed by a higher rate of perioperative complications than usually reported. Almost all complications are minor and have limited consequence on hospital stay.

Intraductal carcinomas are rare, malignant tumors that arise from the salivary glands. They commonly grow from the parotid gland and no cases growing from the parapharyngeal space have been reported to date. We report a 76-year-old man who was inadvertently found to have a parapharyngeal lesion by CT scans and MR imaging. The tumor was resected through an upper neck approach and diagnosed histopathologically as intraductal carcinoma. As far as we are aware, this is the first case of intraductal carcinoma arising from the parapharyngeal space. Here, we describe the management of this disease together with a review of the relevant literature.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographic characteristics of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in our department in the last 15 years. METHODS: In this study, the files of the patients who underwent salivary gland surgery between 2004 and 2019 in our department were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 366 patients whose diagnoses of salivary gland tumor histopathologically confirmed were included in this study. The demographic data of the patients and tumor localizations were recorded, and their relationships with histopathological results were examined. RESULTS: Of the 366 tumors, 292 (80%) of them was originated from the parotid gland, 52 (14%) from the submandibular gland, and 22 (6%) from the minor salivary gland. The male: female ratio was found as 1.2: 1, and the mean age of the patients was 50.37 years. A total of 259 (70.8%) tumors were benign, and 107 (29.2%) were malignant. The most frequent benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, with 121 cases (46.7%). While pleomorphic adenomas constituted the majority of the benign tumors of the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands, Warthin tumor was detected more than pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with 26 cases (24.3%). CONCLUSION: The distribution of the salivary gland tumors detected in our department was found to be substantially similar to other worldwide series. Unlike the literature, we concluded that salivary gland tumors were seen slightly more in males, minor salivary gland tumors were relatively rare and Warthin tumors were more frequently detected in our region.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is considered as a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm with good prognosis, low recurrence rate and rare metastasis. Here we present a case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in a 42-year-old female with a swelling of 3-year duration in her palate. Histopathologic evaluation of the lesion demonstrated a well-circumscribed, biphasic salivary gland tumor composed of double-layered ductal/glandular structures, composed of small luminal eosinophilic cells and abluminal larger clear myoepithelial cells, and luminal cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, while the abluminal cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for p63. Ki-67 proliferative index was 1% in abluminal cells. In this article, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of EMC and its mimics are discussed and the previously reported cases of EMC in the literature are summarized.

ObjectivesTo integrate mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) and normal salivary gland (NSGs) tissue samples and identify potential drivers.Material and MethodsGene and miRNA expression arrays were performed in 35 MECs and six NSGs.ResultsWe found 46 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 3,162 DE mRNAs. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis of the DE transcripts revealed two clusters in both miRNA and mRNA profiles, which distinguished MEC from NSG samples. The integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed a network comprising 696 negatively correlated interactions (44 miRNAs and 444 mRNAs) involving cell signaling, cell cycle, and cancer-related pathways. Increased expression levels of miR-205-5p and miR-224-5p and decreased expression levels of miR-139-3p, miR-145-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-186-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-363-3p, and miR-4324 were significantly related to worse overall survival in MEC patients. Two overexpressed miRNAs in MEC (miR-22 and miR-205) were selected for inhibition by the CRISPR-Cas9 method. Cell viability, migration, and invasion assays were performed using an intermediate grade MEC cell line. Knockout of miR-205 reduced cell viability and enhanced ZEB2 expression, while miR-22 knockout reduced cell migration and invasion and enhanced ESR1 expression. Our results indicate a distinct transcriptomic profile of MEC compared to NSG, and the integrative analysis highlighted miRNA-mRNA interactions involving cancer-related pathways, including PTEN and PI3K/AKT.ConclusionThe in vitro functional studies revealed that miR-22 and miR-205 deficiencies reduced the viability, migration, and invasion of the MEC cells suggesting they are potential oncogenic drivers in MEC.

Sialoblastoma is an extremely rare embryonal tumor derived from salivary gland primordial cells. Treatment usually consists of surgery alone; however, in some cases, chemotherapy is required and is administered with good response. We present a case of a 5-week-old girl diagnosed with a parotid gland tumor and co-existing nevus sebaceous on the face. Initial tumorectomy was microscopically non-radical and histopathology revealed sialoblastoma. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide. Due to imaging studies being inconclusive regarding response and possible residual disease, a second surgery (total parotidectomy) was performed. The histopathology results showed fields of necrosis in the parotid gland but no neoplastic cells in the material. The patient remains under watchful observation and there is no evidence of relapse 12 months after the second surgery. The adjuvant chemotherapy regimen with vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide is a viable option of treatment in children with sialoblastoma.

Abstract Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaw is a rare lesion that has been suggested to originate from the odontogenic epithelium. We report an unusual case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma in an 18‐year‐old Japanese man with an odontogenic cyst.

Salivary gland tumors are rare and carry diverse histologies. There is a paucity of clinical and biological details about pediatric salivary gland tumors and their clinical behavior in the literature. We present a case of 25-year-old female with giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid which started in her childhood at the age of 13 years. Presentation at such an early age is a rare entity. The patient underwent a superficial parotidectomy. Periodic follow-up was done for 1 year and there was no recurrence. For benign salivary gland tumor, surgical excision with preservation of neurovascular structure is the main treatment option.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are classified as benign, malignant epithelial, soft tissue, hematolymphoid or secondary tumors. SGTs commonly affect the parotid gland and among the minor salivary glands, the hard palate is the commonest site as it harbors the highest number of salivary glands. According to various statistics, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) represents less than 0.5% of all the malignancies and less than 5% of malignant head and neck tumors. As the tumor can arise from different cells of excretory ducts these tumors often display a diverse biological behavior and unusual clinical presentation. We report a case of MEC which has a low incidence in adolescents with a rare clinical appearance.

Background: Several studies have reported an association between high expression of CD44 in different types of cancer. However, no study has reported a link among CD44 expression, other biomarkers, and the aggressiveness of salivary gland tumors. Methods: A total of 38 specimens were obtained from non-tumorous salivary glands, benign and malignant tumors in salivary glands. Immunohistochemical analyses of CD44s, CD44v6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCR2 were performed, and the area of positive cells was assessed. Results: We found that both CD44s and CXCR2 expression were increased in the benign and malignant groups. CD44v6 was also increased in both groups, but it had the highest level in the malignant group. IL-1β was the only biomarker that increased significantly in the malignant group in comparison to the other two groups. Conclusions: CD44s, CD44v6, CXCR2, and IL-1β expressions were found to be higher in salivary gland tumors. However, IL-1β alone may play a crucial role in the aggressiveness of salivary gland tumors as this cytokine was expressed only in the malignant group with high expression associated with high-grade malignancy.

Objectives: Secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the head and neck is occasionally observed in childhood cancer survivors. The goal of this research was to compare the demographic and pathologic characteristics, as well as survival between primary and secondary MEC in children and adolescent patients.Methods: Pediatric patients (younger than 19 years old) with surgically treated MEC of the head and neck were retrospectively enrolled at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and divided into two groups based on their cancer history. Demographic, pathologic, and survival characteristics between the two groups were compared. The main study interests were recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS).Results: The primary and secondary groups consisted of 63 and 15 patients, respectively. The two groups had similar distributions in terms of age, sex, tumor stage, neck lymph node stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, p53, Bcl-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and Ki-67 index. The 10-year RFS rates for the primary group and secondary group were 80 and 71%, respectively, and this difference was not significant (p = 0.464). The 10-year DSS rates for the primary group and secondary group were 83 and 82%, respectively, and this difference was also not significant (p = 0.649). The 10-year OS rates for the primary group and secondary group were 74 and 51%, respectively; this difference was significant (p = 0.023). Further Cox model analysis confirmed the independence of a previous cancer history (p = 0.043) in decreasing OS.Conclusions: Pediatric patients with secondary MEC exhibit similar demographic, pathologic, and molecular characteristics as primary patients but worse OS. These findings indicate that special disease management approaches might be needed for secondary patients.

Introduction: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is involved in regulation of cell proliferation and morphogenesis. It is abundant in embryonic tissue, but limited in most adult tissues. GPC3 deletion or mutation can disturb the balance between cell apoptosis and proliferation, which may result in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the GPC3 expression in salivary gland tumors (SGTs) and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Methods: This study reviewed 50 samples of salivary tumors from the archive of Khalili Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, including 17 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 16 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and 17 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC); as well as a control group of 23 cases of normal salivary gland tissues. GPC3 expression was investigated through immunohistochemistry. Results: GPC3 expression was significantly higher in malignant tumors (MEC and ACC) than in PA, and higher in PA than in the normal salivary glands (P

Introduction: Salivary gland neoplasm represents the most complex and diverse group of neoplasm of the head and neck. Their diagnosis and management are complicated by relative infrequency. Around 64%–80% are located in the parotid gland, 7%–11% in the submandibular glands, and the remainder being distributed between the sublingual (1%) and the minor salivary glands (9%–23%) throughout the oral cavity. Aim: The aims of this study were: (1) To assess the frequency of salivary gland tumor based on tumor type and anatomic location. (2) To correlate gender and age in different tumor type. (3) To correlate the location of benign and malignant tumors. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study was made in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology from the period of January 2006 to December 2017. Data were collected from the archives maintained in the Department of Oral Medicine, and details of the patient include age, sex, and site of the tumor were obtained and confirmed with histopathological study and sent for statistical analysis. Results: Chi-square test was applied to find the distribution of malignant and benign tumors. The prevalence of salivary gland tumors in our study was 0.3%, and the benign: malignant ratio was 1:2.2, with the mean age of occurrence was 45.01 ± 16.3 years with slight overall female predominance and a male-to-female ratio of 0.7–0.9, respectively. Conclusion: The present study was a single-institutional experience where the analysis of 32 SGTs was carried out. Malignant tumors were more compared to benign. Among benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma was the most common type. Among the malignant salivary gland tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma then ex-pleomorphic adenocarcinoma followed by low-grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma.

Patients with salivary duct cancer (SDC) and HER2 overexpression could receive trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic disease. No standard treatment exists for patients with HER2-positive metastatic SDC after progression. We report an excellent patient response to second-line treatment with T-DM1 after progression on paclitaxel plus trastuzumab. Case Report: In June 2014, a 79-year-old male patient underwent right parotidectomy and ipsilateral radical neck dissection after the diagnosis of parotid carcinoma. Pathological staging demonstrated locally advanced disease with the involvement of 13 lymph nodes (levels I, II, III, and IV), with extracapsular extravasation. He underwent adjuvant radiotherapy ending in December 2014. A PET scan in March 2015 diagnosed recurrent and systemic disease, with bone lesions, neck lymph node involvement, and hepatic metastasis. The immunohistochemistry showed HER2 receptor overexpression (+3/+3). The patient received first-line trastuzumab plus paclitaxel beginning in April 2015. After 6 cycles, his response was confirmed by PET scan. In February 2016, he had symptoms of disease progression, and a PET scan revealed disease progression in the neck, bones, and liver. He started T-DM1 in April 2016. The neck skin lesions disappeared after 6 cycles, with low toxicity. PET scans performed every 3 months showed response in the liver and bone lesions. Conclusions: We report the case of a patient with SDC treated with T-DM1, with a very good response. Salivary carcinoma is a rare disease for which no randomized clinical trials are available. The maintenance of HER2 blockage might be important in this disease.

Acinic cell carcinoma is a salivary gland malignant epithelial neoplasm. It is characterized by cytoplasmic granules of zymogen. It is ranked as the third most common salivary gland malignancy in adults. We report a case of a 45-year-old male who for the past 15 years has been presenting a huge right-sided mass in parotid region associated with dysphagia. He underwent Total Parotidectomy right. The excised specimen was sent for histopathology, which turned out to be acinic cell carcinoma.

Salivary gland tumors are rare neoplasms which vary in terms of origin and malignant potential. 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has limited ability to differentiate between different types of salivary gland tumors because both Warthin’s tumors and pleomorphic adenomas usually show increased FDG uptake, with no statistically significant difference in standardized uptake value (SUV) compared with malignant salivary gland tumors. Here, we discuss 4′-[methyl-11C]-thiothymidine (4DST) PET, which provides cell proliferation imaging capable of demonstrating intense uptake in parotid carcinoma and Warthin’s tumor, but no uptake in parotid pleomorphic adenoma. This is the first report of the potential of proliferation PET/ computed tomography (CT) imaging for characterizing salivary gland tumors based on the molecular pathogenesis of the tumor.

Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the salivary gland is a rare tumor that develops mainly in the parotid gland. We report a case of oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland in a 70-year-old woman. The tumor measured 30 × 20 mm and had a well-circumscribed tan-brown surface. The tumor was histologically composed of oncocytic and lipomatous lesions without atypia. In addition to the oncocytic lipoadenoma, a small lipomatous tumor, measuring 10 × 7 mm, was found in the resected parotid gland. Macroscopically, this tumor was yellow and indistinguishable from the parotid gland. Microscopically, the tumor was rich in fats and contained an area of conglomerated duct-like proliferation and salivary gland components. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as a non-oncocytic lipoadenoma with a sialoadenoma component. We report the first case of double component oncocytic and non-oncocytic lipoadenomas of the salivary gland.

Background/purpose: Salivary gland tumor (SGT) is a rare disease with a largely unknown etiology. The risks of betel quid chewing, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking have been well documented in oral cancer but not in SGT. We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on the incidence of SGT. Materials and methods: We conducted a case–control study of 1845 patients aged 35–65 years, including 239 patients with pathologically proven SGT and 1606 controls from the health examination clinics of the same hospital during 2005–2014 to examine the association of these three risk factors with SGT in Taiwan. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence interval for the association of risk factors to SGT were analyzed. Results: After adjusting for covariates, aOR of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing were 2.50, 1.27, and 3.38, respectively for SGT. The significantly increased risk for SGT was observed in cigarette smoking (P

Abstract Background Myoepitheliomas account for less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. They mostly affect the parotid glands of adults during the third to fifth decades. Case presentation A 10-year-old Indian boy reported a small swelling in the roof of his mouth of 10 days’ duration. History revealed that the lesion was painless and not associated with bleeding or pus discharge. On examination, a purplish well-circumscribed growth was noted on his posterior hard palate. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of a well-encapsulated hemangioma. An excisional biopsy was performed and histopathology along with immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the lesion was a spindle cell variant of benign myoepithelioma. Conclusion Palatal myoepitheliomas are rare and their occurrence in young individuals is rarer.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often the first investigation in the work up of salivary gland lesions. However, its diagnostic accuracy is limited by the high rates of false positives and false negatives. Usually, acinic cell carcinoma is prone to be underdiagnosed because of the cytological similarity of the tumor cells to normal acinar cells, however rarely, a predominant papillary architecture on cytology may cause confusion with adenocarcinomas. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with a painful swelling of the right parotid region. FNA smears revealed a predominant papillary architecture and focal acinar pattern. A provisional diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma was given, which was confirmed on histopathology. Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features of acinic cell carcinoma is cardinal for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm composed of basaloid epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The palate is the most commonly involved intraoral site for ACC. Here, we document the case of an advanced ACC arising from the hard palate that presented with right-sided sixth nerve palsy in a 75-year-old male with no other systemic illnesses. ACC of the head and neck involving the cavernous sinus and presenting as isolated sixth nerve palsy is exceedingly rare. In the absence of vasculopathic or ischemic risk factors, regardless of the age of the patient; neuroimaging should be performed in cases of isolated nontraumatic sixth nerve palsy.

Myoepithelioma, a benign tumor, occurs with a frequency of 1.5% among all salivary gland tumors, and it most commonly affects the parotid gland. Nearly the entire epithelium is composed of neoplastic myoepithelial cells exhibiting spindle, plasmacytic, epithelial-like, and clear cells. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman with myoepithelioma of the palate. The patient was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of swelling on the right side of the palate. Following clinical and intraoral examinations, the tumor was removed under general anesthesia. Viewed microscopically, the tumor was seen to be surrounded by a fbrous membrane, primarily composed of a solid growth of neoplastic myoepithelial cells, virtually surrounding a hyaline-like eosinophilic substance. Immunohistochemical examination revealed strongly-positive reactions by the tumor cells for widespectrum cytokeratin (CK wide), vimentin, and S-100 proteins. CK 7, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p63, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gave weakly-positive reactions. Conclusion: Based on the fndings, a pathological diagnosis of myoepithelioma was reached.

To report the standard of care, interesting new findings and controversies about the treatment of parotid tumors.Relevant and actual studies were searched in PubMed and reviewed for diagnostics, treatment and outcome of both benign and malignant tumors.Prospective trials are lacking due to rarity of the disease and high variety of tumor subtypes.The establishment of reliable non-invasive diagnostics tools for the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors is desirable. Prospective studies clarifying the association between different surgical techniques for benign parotid tumors and morbidity are needed. The role of adjuvant or definitive radiotherapy in securing loco-regional control and improving survival in malignant disease is established. Prospective clinical trials addressing the role of chemotherapy/molecular targeted therapy for parotid cancer are needed. An international consensus on the classification of parotid surgery techniques would facilitate the comparison of different trials. Such efforts should lead into a clinical guideline.

BackgroundPulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) and pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) are the two major types of primary salivary gland-type (PSGT) lung cancers. The demographic profile, clinicopathological features, and predictors of survival as an overall group have not been described for PSGT cancers of lung.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed demographic, clinical, and survival data from 1,032 patients (546 PMEC and 486 PACC) who were diagnosed of PSGT lung cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 1973 to 2014.ResultsThe PSGT constituted 0.09% of all lung cancers with age-adjusted incidence rate of 0.07 per 100,000 person-years and change of −32% from 1973 to 2014. The incidence of PMEC was slightly higher than PACC but there were no differences in the age and sex distribution. PACCs (55%) were significantly higher at trachea and main bronchus while PMECs were more common at peripheral lungs (85%). Most of the tumors were diagnosed at an early stage and were low grade irrespective of histology. As compared to PMEC, significantly higher number of patients with PACC underwent radical surgery and received adjuvant radiation. The 1- and 5-year cause-specific survival was 76.6 and 62.8%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the survival was affected by age at diagnosis, tumor stage, histological grade, period of diagnosis, and surgical resection. The histology showed strong interaction with time and hazard ratio of patients with PACC was significantly worse than patients with PMEC only after 5 years.ConclusionThe incidence of pulmonary PSGT cancer is 7 cases per 10 million population in the United States and is decreasing. There was no difference between demographic profile of patients with PMEC and PACC but pathological features were diverse. The difference in the survival of patients with the two histological types surfaced only after 5 years when survival of patients with PMEC was better than PACC.

Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are rare in dogs, with adenocarcinoma being the most represented. Parotid and mandibular glands are most commonly affected in dogs. Because of local invasivity and high metastatic potential, preoperative imaging evaluation of mandibular region and tumoral staging is essential along with biopsy sampling. The present manuscript describes the ultrasound and computed tomographic imaging findings of mandibular gland adenocarcinoma in two dogs and discusses their clinical utility.

Accessory parotid gland (APG) is seen in around 21%–56% of individuals. Tumors of accessory parotid are uncommon with an incidence rate of 1%–8% of all parotid tumors. Ductal carcinoma of APG is rare, so no reported incidence was seen in the literature. However, salivary gland ductal carcinoma is reported to be 1% of all salivary gland neoplasms. We report here a case of salivary duct carcinoma of APG. Clinical presentation, investigation, and management are discussed. A 69-year-old female presented with a history of the left cheek progressive swelling of 6 years' duration. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous lobulated ill-defined mass over the left masseter. Fine needle aspiration was inconclusive. Excision of the mass showed salivary duct carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma of APG is an aggressive tumor which needs to be managed aggressively. Standard parotidectomy incision approach seems to be a safe and efficient way of management.

Dear Editor-in-Chief Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor of hair follicle first described as calcifying epithelium (1). It accounts for 1% of all the benign skin tumors (2). It is a slow-growing, firm, dermal or subcutaneous neoplasm, usually measuring fewer than 3 cm in diameter. Pilomatricomas are considered benign; rarely recur after surgical excision (3). However, cases of pilomatrixoma with local recurrence and local invasiveness have been reported in the literature.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that affects the major and minor salivary glands, the lacrimal glands, the ceruminous glands and occasionally the excretory glands of the female genital tract. 30-40% of these carcinomas occur in the head and neck region. Approximately 50-70% of the cases have been reported in the minor salivary glands. The most common location is the palate, generally in the area of the greater palatine foramen. ACC is generally characterized by a slow growth rate, and it is often present for several years before the patient seeks treatment. Here we present a case of 42-year-old female who came to the department for the complaint of a swelling over the right side of palate since 2-3 months which was diagnosed as a benign tumor initially, but was confirmed as tubular ACC histologically.

A 12-year-old girl presented with an oval swelling in the left submandibular region. The tumor had gradually increased in size, during the last 9 months. Preoperative ultrasonography evidenced an hypoechoic oval mass, 14 x 12 mm in size. Submandibulectomy was performed. At macroscopy, the tumor was surrounded by a fibrous capsule, and appeared tan-white in color. At histology, an admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal cell components characterized the tumor. Epithelial cells showed large polymorphous atypical nuclei, with irregular nuclear membranes. The mesenchymal cells were embedded in a myxoid matrix, with focal areas of chondroid differentiation. The tumor showed pushing margins, focally extending into the fibrous capsule. Occasionally, some scattered foci of capsular pseudo-infiltration were detected. The proliferative index of tumor cells, detected by Ki67 immunostaining, reached levels around 10% in some tumor areas characterized by the highest frequency of atypical tumor cells. On these bases, a diagnosis of atypical pleomorphic adenoma was performed. A lymphocytic infiltrate, sometimes organized in lymphoid nodules, was observed in the surrounding submandibular gland. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient is in good health, in the absence of any recurrence. The case here reported confirms that tumors of the salivary gland occurring in children are characterized by a higher aggressive potential, here represented by the atypical tumor cells associated with the high proliferative index and with the pressure on the tumor capsule, and deserve the complete resection of the affected salivary gland, in order to prevent their potential malignant transformation. The association of the salivary gland tumor presenting in our patient with lymphocytic nodular sialoadenitis confirms previous reports of this peculiar association, and reinforces the hypothesis that the two conditions might share a common etiology.

Background and aims. Mast cells are one of the characteristic factors in angiogenesis, growth, and metastatic spread of tumors. The distribution and significance of mast cells in many tumors have been demonstrated. However, few studies have evaluated mast cell infiltration in salivary gland tumors. In this study, mast cell counts were evaluated in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Materials and methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study assessed 30 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 13 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 7 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (diagnosed on the basis of 2005 WHO classification), with adequate stroma in peritumoral and intratumoral areas, and 10 cases of normal salivary glands. The samples were stained with 5% diluted Giemsa solution and the average stained cell counts were calculated in 10 random microscopic fields in peri- and intra-tumoral areas. Data were analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney and Krusskal-Wallis tests. Results. The average mast cell counts increased in the tumors compared to normal salivary glands. There was no significant difference between benign and malignant tumors and also between different malignant tumors. Infiltration was significantly denser in peri-tumoral stroma in both tumoral groups (P = 0.001). Minor salivary glands contained significantly more numerous mast cells. Conclusion. Although mast cell counts increased in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, there were no significant differences between the tumoral groups. Further studies are suggested to determine the type of these cells which might be useful in the assessment of biological nature of the tumor and its future treatment modality

Chromosome rearrangements resulting in pathogenetically important gene fusions are a common feature of many cancers. They are often potent oncogenic drivers and have key functions in central cellular processes and pathways and encode transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, growth factor receptors, tyrosine kinases, and chromatin modifiers. In addition to being useful diagnostic biomarkers, they are also targets for development of new molecularly targeted therapies. Studies in recent decades have shown that several oncogenic gene fusions interact with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. For example, the MYB−NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinoma is regulated by IGF1R through an autocrine loop, and IGF1R is a downstream target of the EWSR1−WT1 and PAX3−FKHR fusions in desmoplastic small round cell tumors and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms behind the interactions between oncogenic gene fusions and the IGF signaling pathway. We will also discuss the role of therapeutic inhibition of IGF1R in fusion gene driven malignancies.

Background: Salivary gland tumors form a major area in the field of oral pathology. B-cell lymphoma -2 (Bcl-2) is an anti-apoptotic gene with up-regulation in various neoplasms. The aim of the present case-control study was to comparatively investigate the expression of Bcl-2 protein in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and assess its potential diagnostic role in differentiating these tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 cases (18 specimens of PA [control] and 10 blocks of MEC [case]) were selected for analysis by streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method with antibody against Bcl-2. The percentage of positive cells was calculated from a minimum of 1000 neoplastic cells and H-score was identified (% positive cells × intensity of staining). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, t-test, Spearman, Chi-square and Fisher tests (α = 0.05). Results: bcl-2 expression was shown in 13 cases (71%) of PA and 3 cases (30%) of MEC. In addition, four cases of PA showed strong staining. There was a significant difference between the expression intensity of Bcl-2 in the two tumors (P = 0.048) according to ANOVA. No correlation was observed between Bcl-2 expression with the size and location of tumors (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Bcl-2 expression might be used for differentiating these tumors. Bcl-2 protein was overexpressed in PA compared with MEC. Hence, it seems that unlike what was observed in PA, Bcl-2 probably does not participate in the pathogenesis of MEC.

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip is a rare entity and its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. The aim of this study was to review the reported cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the upper lip. Methods: This study was performed on the basis of the clinical features of 10 well-documented reported cases of the upper lip pleomorphic adenomas from 1990 to 2012 which have been indexed in the PubMed. The search strategy based on MeSH keywords included "salivary gland tumor", "salivary gland cancer", "pleomorphic adenoma", and "mixed tumor". In the clinical records the following data have been considered: Age, sex, clinical view, complaint time, site, size, texture, pathological view, treatment, recurrence rate, symptom and follow-up period. Results: Of the 11 reported cases of PA, 7 (63.7%) were female and 4 (36.3%) were male, with age ranging from 12 to 65 years. 50% of the patients were between 35 and 55 years of age. Only 3 (27.2%) of cases were younger than 20. The main clinical presentation of lesion in all cases was a submucosal nodule. There was a large interval between the first symptoms and diagnosis. The size of the lesions were between 1 and 3 cm. Involvement of the right half of the upper lip was more common than the left side. 63.6% of the lesions showed a firm consistency and bone formation was seen in one (9.09%) case. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 48 months. There was no evidence of recurrence in any of the reported cases. Conclusion: Although rare, pleomorphic adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for the swellings in the upper lip. PA has a potential for malignant transformation. Therefore this entity should be evaluated carefully by all clinicians.

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip is a rare entity and its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. The aim of this study was to review the reported cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the upper lip. Methods: This study was performed on the basis of the clinical features of 10 well-documented reported cases of the upper lip pleomorphic adenomas from 1990 to 2012 which have been indexed in the PubMed. The search strategy based on MeSH keywords included "salivary gland tumor", "salivary gland cancer", "pleomorphic adenoma", and "mixed tumor". In the clinical records the following data have been considered: Age, sex, clinical view, complaint time, site, size, texture, pathological view, treatment, recurrence rate, symptom and follow-up period. Results: Of the 11 reported cases of PA, 7 (63.7%) were female and 4 (36.3%) were male, with age ranging from 12 to 65 years. 50% of the patients were between 35 and 55 years of age. Only 3 (27.2%) of cases were younger than 20. The main clinical presentation of lesion in all cases was a submucosal nodule. There was a large interval between the first symptoms and diagnosis. The size of the lesions were between 1 and 3 cm. Involvement of the right half of the upper lip was more common than the left side. 63.6% of the lesions showed a firm consistency and bone formation was seen in one (9.09%) case. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 48 months. There was no evidence of recurrence in any of the reported cases. Conclusion: Although rare, pleomorphic adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for the swellings in the upper lip. PA has a potential for malignant transformation

Pleomorfik adenom (PA), en sık rastlanılan tükrük bezi tümörüdür. Minör tükrük bezi kaynaklı PA’ların en sık görüldüğü yer sert ve yumuşak damaktır. Bu olgu sunumunda; bir bayan hastada PA’nın nadir görüldüğü bir bölge olan üst dudak mukozasında, literatüre göre daha geç bir yaşta ortaya çıkmış PA’nın tanı ve tedavisi sunulacaktır.