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This research aims to analyze the aspects of safety and comfort in Indonesian football stadiums. This analytical survey research was conducted in three stadiums in Indonesia that have FIFA standards and are always used in national or international matches to analyze and describe the factors of security and comfort variables. There were five stages in this study: the first stage was observation, the second stage was collecting evidence of scientific articles, the third stage was instrument validation with focus group discussion (FGD), the fourth stage was data collection, and the fifth stage was research reporting with scientific articles. Then, there were six dimensions of the survey category, namely Stadium Construction, Physical Security, Social Security, Communication and Coordination, Recommendations and Feedback, and Clarity to the Spectators. The initial identification results were 3,090 spectators, 2,408 men and 682 women. They were aged 14 – 47 years, averaging 23.66±7.2 years. The number of visits to the stadium in one year was two to six times. The spectators’ experience in visiting different stadiums was two to seven stadiums. The following result, the Kruskal-Wallis test, showed the Asymp. The sig value was 0.319>0.05, meaning there was no difference in answers based on the spectators visiting the three stadiums. The publication of this study can provide valid and clear information insights to stadium managers to pay more attention and strive to provide the best service to football spectators. Because indirectly, supporters who watch the match will provide greater moral support to the football team.

Dear Editor, As dedicated social workers deeply invest in the wellbeing of individuals and communities in India, authors write to shed light on a critical issue faced in our profession: resilience, or the lack thereof. While resilience is widely acknowledged as a crucial attribute for navigating the challenges inherent in social work-particularly in a country as diverse and complex as India-it is evident that many social workers in our midst are struggling to uphold this principle in their daily lives. The demands placed on social workers in India are immense, ranging from addressing poverty, inequality, and discrimination to providing support for mental health issues, domestic violence, and child welfare. Yet, amidst these challenges, the concept of selfcare and resilience often takes a backseat, resulting in high levels of burnout, stress, and attrition within the profession (1). When it comes to anxiety, a study from Ireland reported that 30.6% of social workers scored in the mild range, 26.5% in the moderate range, and 10.7% in the severe category (2). Another Indian study on stress and anxiety levels in social work students reported that first-year students who had just been admitted experienced higher levels of stress and anxiety, with moderate levels in second-year students, whereas the highest levels were observed in third-year students (3). Most social workers work for Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) at local, national, or global levels. Workplace policies usually tend to be vague and arbitrary. Low pay scales and frequent employer whims are two major issues regarding employment. Tasks and activities, as opposed to set, preset daily hours, dictate working hours. The job description is frequently vague, and social workers may be expected to carry out duties that fall entirely outside the scope of their training (4).

During the 1910s and 1920s, two nautical clubs and one regatta club were opened in Florianópolis – capital of the state of Santa Catarina, in Brazil. Rowing, as a sport, began to be encouraged among the native youth. Newspapers and magazines started to interact with the public by promoting competitions and rewarding the winners of the regattas with the publication of colored photos. Poems and plays that paid tribute to both rowers and maritime disputes were written by local artists. The Clubs, which did not have the financial support of the Brazilian Confederation, promoted dancing dinners organized by the young uniformed fans. In the first half of the 20th century, in Florianópolis, rowing helped to improve sociability and created heroes who exhibited strength, beauty and discipline. So a question arises: “Why has rowing become a trend in florianopolitan society at this particular time?”. Starting from this unpretentious question and from the analysis of selected sources that reproduce countless silences, especially those concerning the theater and the women, this study was conceived in the form of short essays that narrate some of the activities that derived from the practice of rowing in Florianópolis.

Introduction: We held a class for supporters in dementia prevention to nurture people who can carry out activities that prevent dementia and restrict its advancement. The objective was for enrollees who have completed the class to be able to visit the homes of older adults who have difficulty leaving their homes and help them carry out activities that prevent dementia. The trained supporters then evaluated the cognitive and psychological effects of interaction. Method: The participants were local residents of Nara and Aichi Prefectures. In the supporter training to prevent dementia, we held 12 training sessions a year at Nara Medical University in Nara Prefecture and Shubun University in Aichi Prefecture. Supporters gather older people in the community to practice dementia prevention activities, and visit the homes of older adults who have difficulty leaving their homes to help the latter carry out activities that prevent dementia. Results: A total of 128 people were enrolled in the training for supporters in dementia prevention. Pre- and post-training supporter evaluations showed significant improvements in both dementia-related skills and availability (p=0.000). In terms of the comparisons before and after visiting 31 older adults people with difficulty leaving their homes, the results of the immediate recall test for cognitive function among the older adults who participated in the activities designed to prevent dementia improved from 4.5 to 7.2, whereas the results of the belated recall test improved from 3.9 to 6.6 (p=0.000). Conclusion: Training for supporters in dementia prevention significantly improved skills. A characteristic of the older adults who had difficulty leaving their homes was that their levels of activity and conversation were low, but the change to their daily lives, increased conversation, and improved activity through the visits of the supporters affected their minds and bodies and significantly improved their cognitive function.

This paper deals with the ethnography of football games, with a special focus on how field research intertwines with the discursively constructed image of football culture as a mechanism for the production of otherness. The ethnographic material which will be discussed was gathered in 2012 during the qualifications for the Football World Cup held in Brazil in 2014. The game in question is a match between Serbia and Croatia held in March 2013 in Zagreb. Through the discussion of the gathered ethnographic material, field reflexions and material from the media, I will attempt to shed light on the ways in which one football game can serve to homogenize as well as question identity, especially ways in which these identities are constructed through the media. The analysis of ethnographic material will serve to point out the specificity of researching a fairly visible and popular, highly mediatised phenomenon such as football, in which discourses created by the media are intertwined with the real "state of affairs in the field".

This study attempts to present the problem of hooligan behavior at football stadiums in the context of the Council of Europe guidelines, preventive measures (including project method experience).

Football is the most important sport in the world, which would not make sense without supporters. The role of the supporters is very important for the success of football, although essential for the existence of football seem at first sight the sponsors. The development of football is impressive, worldwide. There are national, continental or world events at club or national teams level. There are several types of supporters, which can be recognized in any country of the world; Passionate fans are just a type of supporter. The behavior of football supporters is influenced by a variety of factors, including: family, friends, economic issues, time available, costs. Certainly, football fans are influenced by television and the Internet. The loyalty of football fans is a proverbial one, compared to many other areas. There are many reasons to be a football supporter; to have fun, to identify with the winners and other reasons Many aspects mentioned below are valid for club teams. At national team matches, there are some special details. There are some relatively recent changes in the behavior of football fans, including the emergence of "supporters without frontiers", who travel to other countries to watch their favorite teams. Another trend is the increase in the proportion of female supporters. Some interesting aspects also appear regarding the Romanian supporters. Among them: the most popular team in Romania is not a Romanian one! I tried to draw at least a few valid conclusions for all supporters, regardless of the country.

An eLife survey explores the experiences of those in the research community who support colleagues struggling with their mental health.

This paper will examine the relationship between Fascism and football in Italy from the regime’s origins in the mid­-1920s through to the present day and will seek to explain the far right’s continued presence in the game. Contextualising Italian football’s development within the nation’s postwar history, it will argue that while the Fascist regime laid the foundations of the contemporary game, its influence was not profound enough to explain the far­-right’s existence in Italian stadiums since the 1980s. By situating the politicisation of Italian football within theories of post­-Fascist memory and via the examination of specific incidents of pro­-regime and anti­-Semitic activity within the stadiums, this paper will argue that the failure to combat the far­-right’s presence has been a direct consequence of the weakness/absence of the Italian state.

This article attempts to evaluate the My Electricity program concerning increasing renewable energy production in photovoltaic (PV) prosumer sources (PV micro-installations) in Poland. The assessment is made from the perspective of beneficiaries, business, and local community. One may also find an answer to the question of how this program should be modified so that it continues to support the development of PV systems in Poland. Moreover, how Poles assess the PV technology, in terms of the safety of its users and its impact on the environment, is studied. For this purpose, there was exploratory, qualitative, and quantitative research conducted. Twelve case studies were used as well as online questionnaires conducted on prosumers who used the My Electricity program to install PV micro-installations (57 respondents). By means of interviews, there was a confrontation of their point of view with the opinions of seven skeptics of such installations. Moreover, five experts from the energy industry and politicians involved in the transformation of the energy system were interviewed in order to balance the enthusiastic opinions of prosumers and the skeptical views of objectors to home PV systems. The results of our research indicate that the program is rated very well by enthusiasts of PV systems, although they emphasize the high investment costs and the lack of solutions supporting energy storage. Experts point out that the power grid in Poland is not prepared for such an immediate increase in prosumer PV systems, and they suggest more care in solving this problem.

The article tries to show the political context of sport, especially football, in Israel. It shows different aspects and specificity of the Jewish state, which has influence on this discipline. It is also about important sport events in the history of this country. What football league looks like and its image, the roots of clubs, are some others topics contained here. The work also tries to explain the role of sport in this young country, which, paradoxically, has a long tradition. It shows how the government uses sport to break barriers between nations and what the viewpoint of Palestinians is on these attempts. The paper describes various groups of fans and their political activity and discovers the background of matches in Israel.

This dissertation attends to the study of football hooligans’ subcultures. In particular, it addresses a general synthesis of the beginnings of casual culture in Great Britain, within the context of the cultural transition process of the 1980s, and within a political, social and cultural context greatly influenced by the new Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. It makes a chronological review of the stylistic evolution and the attitudes of the casuals, based on the concept one-upmanship, facing the different realities that happened in approximately a decade. From the birth of the punk movement in the late seventies to the emergence of rave and club cultures at the end of the following decade. It also includes the element of violence in football, both inside and outside the stadiums, through several events that exemplify the level of violence achieved in those years. Throughout the text it tries to record the relevance of the study of youth expressions and activities for a better understanding of wider historical and cultural processes.

El fútbol, y en particular la violencia en el fútbol, son temáticas relegadas de la discusión académica, aunque en cierto sentido esta situación se ha ido revirtiendo en los últimos años. La violencia en el fútbol ha sido hasta aquí explicada como una acción irracional propia del estado de incivilización de los sectores más bajos de la sociedad; y por esta razón, los violentos son comúnmente denominados como seres irracionales e incivilizados: salvajes, bárbaros, inadaptados y demás sustantivos denigrantes. Aquellas interpretaciones que conciben a la violencia como una acción irracional, propia de un estadio de barbarie, eluden la representación social de estas acciones y sus relaciones con otros fenómenos sociales. El trabajo de observación participante con los simpatizantes de un club de las divisiones de ascenso del fútbol argentino tuvo como resultado exponer los vínculos existentes entre los actos de violencia y las formas de identificación.

This article deals with analysis of commitment and career in Sur Oscura, barra brava of football club from Barcelona (Ecuador). The aim of this article is to highlight sequential and progressive behaviors to become one of the supporters. This analysis gives keys to understand the place occupied by violent know-how. If violence is not a target for itself, it remains extremely present and is part of daily life of supporters. However, this violence cannot be really understood without analyzing together with festive dimension of barristas activities. Mastering both violent and festive activism allows connections between dominant people and barristas, opening a way to develop political relationships that are strongly led by Sur Oscura's leaders. That way, ethnography of Sur Oscura invites in fact to question social dynamics and external policy which feed its proper practices.

The proposed scientific theme is going to approach and study the hooliganism phenomenon as a contemporary social matter, in terms of conceptual and etiological. The present work has four main purposes: (1)- that of explaining the meaning of hooliganism social phenomenon; (2)- that of discovering the origins of hooliganism; (3)- that of knowing which are the causes that encourages the occurence of the hooliganism; (4)- that of knowing how to control and minimize this phenomenon.

Este trabajo analiza los significados que los integrantes de las hinchadas de fútbol argentinas dan a las acciones violentas, a través de la categoría de aguante. Estas son parte de una forma de ser que los define y los distingue, y constituye un complejo sistema de honor y prestigio que valora positivamente la valentía, el coraje, la bravura y el arrojo en un enfrentamiento físico. Desde una mirada simplista y estigmatizadora, como la de los medios de comunicación y el sentido común, estos actores y sus prácticas son concebidos simplemente como "violentos", ya que ejecutan y dan valor positivo a distintas acciones que están ubicadas fuera de los límites de lo aceptable. Sin embargo, y paradójicamente, existen definiciones morales nativas que delimitan lo permitido y lo prohibido, lo justo y lo injusto en un acontecimiento violento. Descubrir y analizar estos límites nos permite estudiar la constitución de un espacio social donde estas prácticas son aceptadas y, también, analizar las relaciones con actores que ubicados por fuera de ese espacio se vinculan con los integrantes de la hinchada y, por ende, "negocian" con su código moral.This work analyzes the meanings given to violent actions by the members of argentine football fans groups (hinchada) through the category of aguante. These are part of a "way of being" that both defines and distinguishes them, and constitutes a complex system of honour and prestige that valorates positively the courage, the bravery and the surrending in a physical confrontation. From a simplistic and stigmatizing analysis, like the one of the media and the common sense, these actors and their practices are conceived as "violent" because they execute and give a positive value to different actions that are beyond the "acceptable". However, and paradoxically, there are moral principles that define what is allowed and what is forgiven, the fair and the unfair in a violent act. Discovering and analyzing these limits allows us to study the constitution of a social space where these practices are accepted, and also to analyze the relationships with another actors that are beyond that space but are related with the members of the hinchada; that means they also "negociate" their moral code with the actors outside their boundaries.

This work proposes a simple two-period interaction model to study EU-Turkey accession negotiations. Turkey perceives the EU as composed of two distinct groups with respect to its accession: traditional supporters and objectors. Supporters opt for either cooperation or defection in period one while objectors consistently oppose Turkish accession. Turkey reacts to cooperation and defection in the second period under its perceptions of EU support. Future uncertainties concerning Turkey’s accession do not prevent supporters’ cooperation provided that Turkey becomes successful in economics, political reforms, and foreign policy. Turkey continues to negotiate not because it appreciates supporters’ cooperation but because no supporter defects. Supporters become concerned about the future interacting with a failing Turkey. Unlike impatient supporters that are less concerned about the future, patient supporters oppose a failing Turkey’s accession. Turkey then extremely appreciates supporters’ cooperation but quits accession process that becomes highly costly.

In order to organize relations between the inhabitants of Madina, the Aus, Khazraj, emigrants, and Jews and(Muhammad)the Prophet the ruler of al-Madina, the Prophet proclaimed the document (al-Sahifah.) which has become known recently as "the constitution of al-Madina". This document was recorded in full by Ibn Hisham in his biography of the Prophet, and by Abu Ubayd al-Qasim Ibn Sallam in his Kitab al-Amwal while some historians and traditionists have transmitted partial quotations or merely mentioned it. This document is authentic, and very important for understanding the early period of Islam in the view of historians and recent scholars.