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Twelve conference papers on cultural aspects of second language instruction include: "Towards True Multiculturalism: Ideas for Teachers" (Brian McVeigh); Comparing Cultures Through Critical Thinking: Development and Interpretations of Meaningful Observations" (Laurel D. Kamada); "Authority and Individualism in Japan and the USA" (Alisa Woodring); "Study Trip to France" (Alain Lauffenburger) (in French); "Everything You Need To Know Begins at Kindergarten" (Laura McGregor); "Native Americans and Europeans, Ainu and Waijin: Culturally Relevant EFL Content-Based Social Studies Comparative History Curriculum Design at a Japanese Junior College" (Robert E. Gettings); "Folklore in the ESL Classroom" (Virginia A. Jenkins); "Redefining Our Educational Parameters" (Eton F. Churchill, Jr.); "Commonly Asked Global Issues Questions" (Jessica Newby Kawata, David Peaty, Donna McInnis, Junko Mukainakano); "Geography in the Global Issues Classroom" (Kawata); "Gender Issues in Language Education" (Thomas Hardy, Amy Yamashiro, Cheiron McMahill). Individual papers contain references. (MSE)

The proceedings of a Swiss conference on languages in education include: a brief preface about the conference topic; summaries in French, Albanian, German, English, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese; background information on the conference; statistics on the home and community languages of Swiss elementary and secondary school students; the conference introduction, "Pour une education bilingue" (Toward Bilingual Education) presented by Anna Lietti; notes on parent language use in Albanian and Italian communities; teachers' perceptions of language use in Spanish, Portuguese, Bosnian, and Albanian communities; six research papers; text of a roundtable discussion concerning the challenge of opening schools to diverse languages; a conference summary; and a list of relevant journals. The papers include: "Une experience interculturelle a l'ecole primaire de la Chaud-de-Fonds" (a primary school experiment at Chaud-de-Fonds) (Philippe Moser); "Une experience d'eveil aux langues" (a language awareness experiment) (Christiane Perregaux); "Un projet interculturelle a l'ecole du Mail a Geneve" (an intercultural project at a Geneva school) (Sylviane Magnin Hottelier); "Une ecole privee bilingue allemand-francais" (a private German-French bilingual school) (Henri Moser); "Une experience anglais" (an English experiment) (Daniele Moore); and "Les bibliotheques interculturelles dans les ecoles" (intercultural libraries within schools). Contains 44 references. (MSE)

This collection, the last of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere, analyzes statistics, methodology, reforms, and new tendencies. Twelve of the document's 18 articles are written in English, 3 are written in French and 3 are in Italian. Summaries accompany most articles; three of the foreign language articles have English summaries. Bibliographies are included with many selections. Titles and authors are as follows: "From the Methodology of Pedagogical Study of Obligatory Education" (Wlodzimierz Goriszowski); "Les Peres de l'Ecole Obligatoire Pris au Piege de la Statistique Scolaire (1876-1906)" (Jean-Noel Luc); "Primary Compulsory School at Viareggio (1860-1900)" (Luciana Bettalla and Fanny Coli); "School Attendance in The Netherlands" (Th. F. M. Boekholt); "L'Offre d'Ecole Avant l'Obligation Scolaire: L'Enseignement des Premieres Enquetes Bataves (1799-1811)" (Willem Frijhoff); "A Danish Reform Concerning the First Years of School" (Hans Vejleskov); "The Vanloese Experiment: New Education in Compulsory Education in Denmark in the Twenties" (Ellen Norgaard); "Historical Development of Compulsory Education in Socialist Countries (1917-present time)" (Gottfried Uhlig); "Parents and Compulsory Education Laws in England & Wales (1880-1980)" (Geoffrey Stevenson); "Prospettive dell'Istruzione Obbligatoria in Italia" (Luigi Ambrosoli); "La Continuite Scolaire et 'l'Ecole de Base' en Italie: Aspects Historiques et Perspectives" (Giovanni Genovesi); "Formazione Generale, Orientamento per gli Studi e/o per la Professione nell'Elevazione dell'Obbligo Scholastico al 16 Anni: La Questione Italiana, Oggi" (Vittorio Telmon); "From Optional to Compulsory: The Introduction, Development and Extension of 'English' in Norwegian Compulsory Education" (B. Brandtzaeg Gundem); "Reforms and New Tendencies: Norwegian Compulsory Education (Olav Sunnana); "Compulsory Education in the Canary Islands" (Pedro Sosa Also); "Compulsory Education in the United States: Its development and Some Recent Considerations" (Erwin v. Johanningmeier); "La 'Compulsory Education' nel Contesto Sovietico" (Giorgio Vuoso); and "A New Look at the Act of Teaching FL Reading" (Yvonne Poser and Gunter G. Pfister). (CJH)

Socioeconomic life is the theme of this third of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere. Of the document's 18 articles, 15 are written in English and 3 are written in French. Most selections offer summaries; one of the three articles written in French provides a resume in English. Bibliographies accompany many articles. Titles and authors are as follows: "Mentalites et Experiences Sociales: Les Conditions Socio-Historiques de la Scolarisation Obligatoire en Europe" (Wolfgang Schmale); "Compulsory Schooling and Ethnic Acculturation in Alberta: A Case Study--1890s-1920s" (Nick Kach and Kasper Mazurek); "Attitudes to the Elementary Schools System among Copenhagen Working-Class Parents (1870-c.1900). Description of a Research Project" (Ning de Coninck-Smith); "The Introducation and Enforcement of Compulsory School Attendance in 19th Century Prussia" (Hans-Jurgen Apel); "Compulsory Education for German Immigrant Children in the United States of America during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century: The Case of Rural Wisconsin" (Juliane Jacobi-Dittrich); "Le Recensement des Conscrits, le Reglement du Travail dans l'Industrie du Tabac et la Scolarite Obligatoire dans la Ville Hanseatique de Breme de 1841 a 1844" (Wiltrud Ulrich Drechsel and Franck Neumann); "A Social-Historical Approach Toward Mass Education in the Early 19th Century" (Klaus Wiese); "The Diminished Role of Formal Education in National Socialist Germany" (Geoffrey J. Giles); "Policy in Practice: Families and the Introduction of Compulsory Schooling in Essex Textile Districts" (Grace Belfiore); "Notes for a Pattern of Analysis of Compulsory Education in Latin America during the Nineteenth Century" (Gabriela Ossenbach-Sauter); "The Compulsory Education and the Mexican Revolution (1910-1924)" (Renate Marsiske); "Historical Context of Compulsory Education in Poland" (Jan Hellwig); "Social and Economic Aspects of Introducing Compulsory Education in the Czech Lands" (Dagmar Capkova); "The Political, Social and Economic Situation of Poland and Compulsory Education (to 1918)" (Lech Mokrzecki); "L'Obligation Scolaire au Portugal pendant la Premiere Moitie du XXe Siecle" (Aurea Adao); "Compulsory Schooling and Social Revolution in Spain 1936-1937: Considerations Concerning the Libertarian Position" (Pere Sola);"Compulsory Education and Child Labor in Spain in the Early 20th Century (Madrid, 1900-1920)" (Alejandro Tiana Ferrer); and "The Compulsory Curriculum in Industrial America: Connections Between Past and Present" (Thomas A. Mulkeen). (CJH)

This first of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the Western hemisphere deals with historical antecedents and early development. Of the 29 total articles, 18 are in English and 2 have English summaries. Many selections include bibliographies. Titles and authors are as follows: "The Political Institutionalization of Compulsory Education" (Francisco O. Ramirez and John Boli); "L'Obbligo Scolastico e la Scuola di Base Nello Scritto d'un Pedagogista Cileno" (Alessandro Leonarduzzi); "Beginnings of Compulsory Education in the Republic of Columbia" (O. Negrin Fajardo and D. Soto Arango); "L'Obligation Educative en France des Origines a Nos Jours" (Paul Gerbod); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans l'Allemagne Protestante du XVIe au XVIIIe Siecle" (Jean-Luc Le Cam); "Karl August Zeller (1774-1846). Aide-Camps pour la Prusse, Pays en Voie de Developpement en Matiere d'Education Nationale, dans le Contexte du Decalage Sud-Nord des Pays Germanophones" (Rudolf Koschnitzke); "The Historical Development of Compulsory Schooling in Germany" (Gabriele Weigand); "The History of Compulsory Education in Germany" (Karl-Heinz Guenther and Gert Geissler); "The Advent of Universal Compulsory Elementary Education in England and Wales" (D. K. Jones); "Gradual Regulation of Schooling Age and School Attendance in Hungary since 1777 up to Now" (Otto Vag); "The Debate about the Introduction of Compulsory Elementary Education of 1848 in Hungary" (Sandor Komlosi); "Compulsory Education in the Twenty Years after Italian Unification (1860-1880)" (Enzo Catarsi); "Chiesa e Obbligo Scolastico Nell'Italia Post-Unitaria (1860-1900)" (Carmela Covato); "Compulsory Education in The Netherlands" (J. F. A. Braster and N. L. Dodde); "School and Literacy. Introduction of the Elementary School in Norway in the 1730's and 1740's" (Knut Tveit); "The Idea of Unbroken Primary School in Norway" (Knut Jordheim); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans la Pologne, la Prusse et l'Autriche" (Marianna Krupa); "Legal Foundation and Accomplishment of Compulsory Education in Poland in 1918-1939" (Jozef Zerko and Romuald Grzybowski); "L'Introduction et la Prolongation de la Scolarite Obligatoire au Portugal" (Joaquim Ferreira Gomes); "L'Enseignement Obligatoire dans les Constitutions Espagnoles due XIXe Siecle" (Federico Gomez Rodriguez de Castro); "Le Chemin Vers l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne Avant 1857" (Anastasio Martinez Navarro); "Apport des Municipalites Constitutionnelles a l'Introduction de l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne" (Julio Ruiz Berrio); "Compulsory Education in the Swiss Canton of Zurich from 1798 to 1859" (Fritz-Peter Hager); "La Reproclamation de l'Instruction Obligatoire, a Geneve, au XIXe Siecle: Du Refus de 1842 a l'Acceptation de 1872" (Charles Magnin); "Towards Compulsory Education: The School Revival Movement in the United States" (Jurgen Herbst); "The Roots of Compulsory Education in America" (L. Glenn Smith); "Compulsory Education in Utopia: Owen and Neef" (Dieter Jedan); "Compulsory Education in the Waldorf Schools in America" (Joseph A. Baust); and "Compulsory Education in Chicago" (Joan K. Smith). (CJH)

This document contains the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group (CMESG) held at the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada, May 26-30, 2000. The proceedings consist of two plenary lectures, five working groups, four topic sessions, new Ph.D. reports, and panel discussions. Papers include: (1) "Manipulating Combinatorial Structures" (Gilbert Labelle); (2) "The Theoretical Dimension of Mathematics: A Challenge for Didacticians" (Maria Bartolini Bussi); (3) "Mathematics Courses for Prospect Elementary Teachers" (Caroline La Joie and Ed Barbeau); (5) "Crafting an Algebraic Mind: Intersections from History and the Contemporary Mathematics Classroom" (Louis Charbonneau and Luis Radford); (6) "Mathematics Education et Didactique des Mathematiques: Is There a Reason for Living Separate Lives?" (Tom Kieren and Anna Sierpinska); (8) "Teachers, Technologies, and Productive Pedagogy" (David A. Reid and Rosamund Sutherland); (9) "Calculus Reform: A Critical Assessment" (Sylvie Desjardins and Harald Proppe); (10) "A Proof Ought to Explain: A Classroom Teacher-Researcher, a Mathematics Educator, and Three Cohorts of Fifth Graders Seek to Make Meaning of a Non-Obvious Algebraic Equation" (Vicki Zack and David A. Reid); (11) "Assessment for All" (Leigh N. Wood and Geoffrey H. Smith); (12) "Mathematics--By Invitation" (Ralph T. Mason); (13) "Math Central: An Internet Service for Teachers and Students" (Mhairi (Vi) Maeers and Harley Weston); (14) "Mathematical Conversations within the Practice of Mathematics" (Lynn Gordon Calvert); (15) "The Word Problem as Genre in Mathematics Education" (Susan Gerofsky); (16) "How Visual Perception Justifies Mathematical Thought" (Dennis Lomas); (17) "Folding Back and Growing Mathematical Understanding" (Lyndon Martin); (18) "La Place et les Fonctions de la Validation Chez les Futures Enseignants des Mathematiques au Secondaires" (Claudine Mary); (19) "Mathematics Knowing in Action: A Fully Embodied Interpretation" (Elaine Simmt); (20) "Pourquoi Enseigner les Mathematiques a Tous?" (Bernard R. Hodgson); (21) "Why Teach Mathematics to Everyone?" (Bernard R. Hodgson); (22) "Why Teach Mathematics to All Students?" (Sandy Dawson); (23) "Why Teach Mathematics to All Students?" (Brent Davis); and (24) "Why Teach Mathematics to Everyone?" (Nadine Bednarz). (KHR)

These articles on scaffolding in language and speech pathology/therapy are included in this issue: "Strategies d'etayage avec des enfants disphasiques: sont-elles specifiques?" ("Scaffolding Strategies for Dysphasic Children: Are They Specific?") (Genevieve de Weck); "Comparaison des strategies discursives d'etayage dans un conte et un recit d'experiences oraux" ("Comparison of Scaffolding Discourse Strategies in an Oral Story and Personal Narrative") (Marie-Claude Rosat); "Questions ouvertes/questions fermees: une dichotomie qui appelle une analyse critique" ("Open Questions/Closed Questions: A Dichotomy that Calls for Critical Analysis") (Shirley Vinter, Charles Bried); "Interactions avec des enfants migrants en contexte logopedique: quels etayages?" ("Interactions with Migrant Children in the Speech Therapy Context: What Kinds of Scaffolding?") (Sandra Galli Cornali); "Contributions maternelles et paternelles au developpement des representations symboliques et categorielles des objets par les jeunes enfants" ("Maternal and Paternal Contributions to the Development of Symbolic and Categoric Representation of Objects by Young Children") (Florence Labrell); "De la variation de l'etayage logopedique comme outil therapeutique" ("Variation of Speech Therapy Scaffolding as a Therapeutic Tool") (Douchka Gaillard); "L'adaptation langagiere de differents intervenants en interaction avec un aphasique" ("Linguistic Adaptation of Different Therapists in Interaction with an Aphasic") (Helene Perren); "L'evaluation formative a l'ecole: quelle place pour la regulation interactive?" (Formative Evaluation in School: What Place for Interactive Regulation") (Yviane Rouiller); "Quelques considerations sur l'etayage dans une situation d'evaluation particuliere: le jeu symbolique" ("Some Considerations Concerning Scaffolding in a Special Evaluation Situation: Symbolic Play") (Mireille Rodi, Cecile Moser); "'Suivez le guide'...L'acquisition de routines de lecture en langue 1 et langue 2" ("'Follow the Guide'...Acquisition of Reading Routines in First and Second Languages") (Matthias Marschall); and "Apprendre a raconter? Comment lisons-nous les textes des auteurs eleves?" ("Learn to Tell Stories? How Do We Read the Texts of Student Authors?") (Frederic Francois). All papers are in French, with English abstracts. (MSE)

The purpose of this conference sponsored by the French Commission of the Methods of Teaching was to give deep reflection as to the place of algorithms in the teaching curriculum and learning of mathematics. Devoted to the concept of new teaching methods at levels 1-4 of compulsory school education, the debates of this seminar were an occasion for many exchanges among researchers, teachers, authors, and other people involved in the development of mathematics teaching methods. The participants' papers focus on how to use algorithms of calculation for the teaching methods of French-speaking Switzerland. A list of participants is appended. (NB)

This paper, with portions written in English and French, examines issues in the education of students with emotional or behavior disorders (EBD) from a Canadian perspective. The paper is organized to counter seven "myths" about schools and students with EBD. These are: (1) "the student is the problem" (rather, well organized schools can make a difference in the life of EBD students); (2) "the place of every student is in the regular classroom" (rather, the regular classroom is an objective, but not an end in itself); (3) "more money will do the job" (rather, money generated by special education must go to special education and related professional services); (4) "when your only tool is a hammer, all problems must resemble nails" (rather, interventions must be highly individualized); (5) "experience is everything, the teacher will learn how to deal with these students" (rather, teachers must be in contact with the best knowledge base and practices available); (6) "research? what for? all you need is love" (rather, there is a need for field research done in collaboration with teachers that is focused on the evaluation of educational interventions); and (7) "this is family, not school business" (rather, home-school partnership is necessary to influence the development of EBD students). (Contains 14 references.) (DB)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) contains the following research papers: "The Construct Theory of Rational Numbers: Toward a Semantic Analysis" (M. Behr & G. Harel); "Reflections on Dealing: An Analysis of One Child's Interpretations" (G. Davis); "About Intuitional Knowledge of Density in Elementary School" (J. Gimenez); "Understanding the Multiplicative Structure: Concepts at the Undergraduate Level" (G. Harel & M. Behr); "A Contextual Approach to the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Outlining a Teaching Strategy that Makes Use of Pupil's Real World Experiences and Strategies, and the Results of the First Teaching Experiment of Project" (T.O. Keranto); "On Children's Mathematics Informal Method" (F.L. Lin & L.R. Booth); "A Case Study of the Role of Unitizing Operations with Natural Numbers in the Conceptualization of Fractions" (A. Ludlow); "Constructing Fractions in Computer Microworlds" (J. Olive & L.P. Steffe); "Proportional Reasoning: From Shopping to Kitchens, Laboratories, and Hopefully, Schools" (A.D. Schliemann & V.P. Magalhaes); "The Fraction Concept in Comprehensive School at Grade Levels 3-6 in Finland" (T. Strang); "Critical Decisions in the Generalization Process: A Methodology for Researching Pupil Collaboration in Computer and Non Computer Environments" (L. Healy, C. Hoyles, & R.J. Sutherland); "'Scaffolding' a Crutch or a Support for Pupils' Sense-Making in Learning Mathematics" (B. Jaworski); "The Role of Mathematical Knowledge in Children's Understanding of Geographical Concepts" (R.G. Kaplan); "Speaking Mathematically in Bilingual Classrooms: An Exploratory Study of Teacher Discourse" (L.L. Khisty, D.B. McLeod, & K. Bertilson); "The Emergence of Mathematical Argumentation in the Small Group Interaction of Second Graders" (G. Krummheuer & E. Yackel); "Potential Mathematics Learning Opportunities in Grade Three Class Discussions" (J.J. Lo, G.H. Wheatley, & A.C. Smith); "Certain Metonymic Aspects of Mathematical Discourse" (D.J. Pimm); "Inverse Relations: The Case of the Quantity of Matter" (R. Stavv & T. Rager); "The Development of Mathematical Discussion" (T. Wood); "Estrategias y Argumentos en el Estudio Descriptivo de la Asociacion Usando Microordenadores" (J.D. Godino, C. Batanero, & A.E. Castro); "Computerized Tools and the Process of Modeling" (C. Hancock & J. Kaput); "Examples of Incorrect Use of Analogy in Word Problems" (L. Bazzini); "Children's Pre-concept of Multiplication: Procedural Understanding" (C. Beattys, N. Herscovics, & N. Nantais); "The Kindergartners' Knowledge of Numerals" (J.C. Bergeron); "An Analysis of the Value and Limitations of Mathematical Representations Used by Teachers and Young Children" (G.M. Bouton-Lewis & G.S. Halford); "A Study on the Development of Second-Graders' Ability in Solving Two-Step Problems" (F. Cao); "Understanding the Division Algorithm from New Perspectives" (D.W. Carraher); "Negative Numbers Without the Minus Sign" (T.N. Carraher); "Learning Difficulties Behind the Notion of Absolute Value" (I. Chiarugi, G. Fracassina, & F. Furinghetti); "Le Role de la Representation dans la Resolution des Problemes Additifs" (R.F. Damm); "Using a Computerized Tool to Promote Students''Number Sense' and Problem Solving Strategies" (N. Hativa, V. Bill, S. Hershkovitz, & I. Machmandrow); "Children's Understanding of Compensation, Addition and Subtraction in Part/Whole Relationships" (K.C. Irwin); "Factors Affecting Children's Strategies and Success in Estimation" (C. Morgan); "Assessment in Primary Mathematics: The Effects of Item Readability" (J.A. Mousley); "Social Sense-Making in Mathematics: Children's Ideas of Negative Numbers" (S. Mukhopadhyay, L. B. Resnick, & L. Schauble); "Children's Pre-Concept of Multiplication: Logico Physical Abstraction" (N. Nantais & N. Herscovics); "Building on Young Children's Informal Arithmetical Knowledge" (A.I. Oliver, A. Murray, & P. Human); "From Protoquantities to Number Sense" (L.B. Resnick, S. Lesgold, & V. Bill); "Prospective Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Division" (M.A. Simon); "Relative and Absolute Error in Computational Estimation" (J. Sowder, L. Sowder, & Z. Markovits); "A Child Generated Multiplying Scheme" (L. Steffe); and "Salient Aspects of Experience with Concrete Manipulatives" (P. Thompson & A.G. Thompson). Includes a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) includes the following research papers: "Children's Connections among Representations of Mathematical Ideas" (A. Alston & C.A. Maher); "Algebraic Syntax Errors: A Study with Secondary School Children" (A. Avila, F. Garcia, & T. Rojano); "The Development of Conceptual Structure as a Problem Solving Activity" (V. Cifarelli); "From Arithmetic to Algebra: Negotiating a Jump in the Learning Process" (A. Cortes, N. Kavafian, & G. Vergnaud); "Continuous Analysis of One Year of Science Students' Work in Linear Algebra, in First Year French University" (J.L. Dorier); "Avoidance and Acknowledgement of Negative Numbers in the Context of Linear Equations" (A. Gallardo);"Introducing Algebra: A Functional Approach in a Computer Environment" (M. Garancon, C. Kieran, & A. Boileau); "LOGO, to Teach the Concept of Function" (D. Guin & I.G. Retamal); "The Concept of Function: Continuity Image versus Discontinuity Image: Computer Experience" (F. Hitt); "Acquisition of Algebraic Grammar" (D. Kirshner); "Embedded Figures and Structures of Algebraic Expressions" (L. Linchevski & S. Vinner); "A Framework for Understanding What Algebraic Thinking Is" (R.L. Lins); "Developing Knowledge of Functions through Manipulation of a Physical Device" (L. de Lemos Meira); "Students' Interpretations of Linear Equations and Their Graphs" (J. Moschkovich); "An Experience to Improve Pupil's Performance in Inverse Problems" (A. Pesci); "Algebra Word Problems: A Numerical Approach for Its Resolution: A Teaching Experiment in the Classroom" (G. Rubio); "Children's Writing about the Idea of Variable in the Context of a Formula" (H. Sakonidis & J. Bliss); "Observations on the 'Reversal Error' in Algebra Tasks" (F. Seeger); "Generalization Process in Elementary Algebra: Interpretation and Symbolization" (S.U. Legovich); "Effects of Teaching Methods on Mathematical Abilities of Students in Secondary Education Compared by Means of a Transfer Test" (J. Meijer); "On Long Term Development of Some General Skills in Problem Solving: A Longitudinal Comparative Study" (P. Boero); "Cognitive Dissonance versus Success as the Basis for Meaningful Mathematical Learning" (N.F. Ellerton & M.A. Clements); "Time and Hypothetical Reasoning in Problem Solving" (P.L. Ferrari); "The Interplay between Student Behaviors and the Mathematical Structure of Problem Situations: Issues and Examples" (R. Herschkowitz & A. Arcavi); "Paradigm of Open-Approach Method in the Mathematics Classroom Activities: Focus on Mathematical Problem Solving" (N. Nohda); "Reflexions sur le Role du Maitre dans les Situations Didactiques a Partir du Cas de l'Enseignement a des Eleves en Difficulte" (M.J.P. Glorian); "Diagnosis and Response in Teaching Transformation Geometry" (A. Bell & D. Birks); "Children's Recognition of Right Angled Triangles in Unlearned Positions" (M. Cooper & K. Krainer); "The Role of Microworlds in the Construction of Conceptual Entities" (L.D. Edwards); "The Cognitive Challenge Involved in Escher's Potato Stamps Microworld" (R. Hadass); "Study of the Degree of Acquisition of the Van Hiele Levels by Secondary School Students" (A. Jaime & A. Gutierez); "Spatial Concepts in the Kalahari" (H. Lea); "Integrating LOGO in the Regular Maths Curriculum: A Developmental Risk or Opportunity?" (T. Lemerise); "Young Children Solving Spatial Problems" (H. Mansfield & J. Scott); "The Role of Format in Students' Achievement of Proof" (W.G. Martin); "L'influence des Aspects Figuratifs dans le Raisonnment des Eleves en Geometrie" (A. Mesquita); "Children's Understanding of Congruence According to the Van Hiele Model of Thinking" (L. Nasser); "Prospective Primary Teachers' Conceptions of Area" (C. Tierney, C. Boyd, & G. Davis); "Probability Concepts and Generative Learning Theory" (O. Bjorkqvist); "Some Considerations on the Learning of Probability" (A.M.O. Salazar); "Gambling and Ethnomathematics in Australia" (R. Peard); "Mathematization Project in Class as a Collective Higher Order Learning Process" (H.G. Steiner). Also includes a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) includes the following papers: "The Knowledge of Cats: Epistemological Foundations of Mathematics Education" (R.B. Davis) and "PME Algebra Research: A Working Perspective" (E. Filloy); "Some Misconceptions in Calculus: Anecdotes or the Tip of an Iceberg?" (M. Amit & S. Vinner); "Difficultes Cognitives et Didactiques dans la Construction de Relations entre Cadre Algebrique et Cadre Graphique" (M. Artigue); "Unbalance and Recovery: Categories Related to the Appropriation of a Basis of Meaning Pertaining to the Domain of Physical Thinking" (R. Cantoral); "On Difficulties with Diagrams: Theoretical Issues" (T. Dreyfus & T. Eisenberg); "The Two Faces of the Inverse Function: Prospective Teachers' Use of 'Undoing'" (R. Even); "Intuitive Processes, Mental Image, and Analytical and Graphic Representations of the Stationary State: A Case Study" (R.M. Farfan & F. Hitt); "The Role of Conceptual Entities in Learning Mathematical Concepts at the Undergraduate Level" (G. Harel & J. Kaput); "Mathematical Concept of Formation in the Individual" (L. Lindenskov); "Pupils' Interpretations of the Limit Concept: A Comparison Study between Greeks and English" (J. Mamona-Downs); "Infinity in Mathematics as a Scientific Subject for Cognitive Psychology" (R.N. Errazuriz); "Organizations Deductives et Demonstration" (L. Radford); "The Teaching Experiment 'Heuristic Mathematics Education'" (A. Van Streun); "The Understanding of Limit: Three Perspectives" (S.R. Williams);"Self Control in Analyzing Problem Solving Strategies" (G. Becker); "Influences of Teacher Cognitive/Conceptual Levels on Problem-Solving Instruction" (B.J. Dougherty); "Can Teachers Evaluate Problem Solving Ability?" (F.O. Flener & J. Reedy); "Teacher Conceptions about Problem Solving and Problem Solving Instruction" (D.A. Grouws, T.A. Good, & B.J. Dougherty); "Math Teachers and Gender Differences in Math Achievement, Math Participation and Attitudes Towards Math" (H. Kuyper & M.P.C. van der Werf); "Teaching Students to be Reflective: A Study of Two Grade Seven Classes" (F.F. Lester & D.L. Kroll); "Students' Affective Responses to Non-Routine Mathematical Problems: An Empirical Study" (D.B. McLeod, C. Craviotto, & M. Ortega); "Accommodating Curriculum Change in Mathematics: Teachers' Dilemmas" (R. Nolder); "Teachers' Characteristics and Attitudes as Mediating Variables in Computer-Based Mathematics Learning" (R. Noss, C. Hoyles, & R. Sutherland); "Teachers' Perceived Roles of the Computer in Mathematics Education" (J. Ponte); "Mathematics Process as Mathematics Content: A Course for Teachers" (D. Schifter); "Psychological/Philosophical Aspects of Mathematical Activity: Does Theory Influence Practice?" (R. Scott-Hodgetts & S. Lerman); "A Web of Beliefs: Learning to Teach in an Environment with Conflicting Messages" (R.G. Underhill). Includes 27 poster presentation abstracts and a listing of author addresses. (MKR)

These proceedings contain papers from the 1994 annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group. Papers are divided into the following sections: (1) invited lectures; (2) working groups; (3) topic groups; (4) ad hoc groups; and (5) reports on ICMI (International Committee on Mathematical Instruction) studies. Papers include: (1) "Understanding = Doing + Seeing" (Anna Sfard); (2) "A Collegiate Mathematical Experience for Non-Science Majors" (Keith Devlin); (3) "Theories and Theorizing in Mathematics Education" (Thomas Kieren and Olive Chapman); (4) "Popularizing Mathematics" (Bernard Hodgson and Eric Muller); (5) "Preservice Teachers as Purposeful Learners: Issues of Enculturation" (George Gadanidis and Anita Losasso); (6) "Les didacticiens et les didacticiennes des mathematiques au Canada: Un portrait de famille" (Roberta Mura); (7) "A Look at Current Software Designed To Provide Different Representations of Functions" (Pat Lytle); (8) "Math in the Mall, the SFU (Simon Fraser University) Experience" (Malgorzata Dubiel); (9)"'Booking,' a Non-Traditional Approach to the Teaching of Mathematics in the Transition Years" (Gary Flewelling); (10) "Student-Teachers' Conceptions of Mathematics: What They Are and How They Are Formed" (R. Geoffrey Roulet); (11) "'Can We Follow What We Preach?' Teaching According to Constructivist Principles" (Uri Leron); (12) "Enacting a Chaos Theory Curriculum" (Judy Barnes); (13) "Mathematical Modelling" (Don Kapoor); (14) "Asian, American, and Albertan Mathematics Comparisons" (Sol Sigurdson); (15) "Conference on Gender and Mathematics Education" (Gila Hanna); and (16) "What Is Research in Mathematics Education and What Are Its Results?" (Anna Sierpinska). Appendices contain lists of participants and previous proceedings. (JRH)

These proceedings contain papers presented at the 1993 annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group. Papers are presented in four sections: (1) invited lectures; (2) working groups; (3) topic groups; and (4) ad hoc groups. Papers include: (1) "What is a Square Root? A Study of Geometrical Representation in Different Mathematical Traditions" (George Gheverghese Joseph); (2) "Forging a Revised Theory of Intellectual Development: Piaget, Vygotsky and Beyond" (Jere Confrey); (3) "Research in Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in Mathematics" (Joel Hillel & Anna Sierpinska); (4) "New Ideas in Assessment" (David Robitaille, Cynthia Nicol, and Heather Kelleher); (5) "Computers in the Classroom: Mathematical and Social Implications" (Geoffrey Roulet and Lars Jansson); (6) "Gender and Mathematics" (Lesley Lee); (7) "Training Pre-Service Teachers for Creating Mathematical Communities in the Classroom" (LaDonna MacRae and Thomas Schroeder); (8) "Connected Knowledge in Prospective Secondary Mathematics Teachers" (Eric Wood); (9) "Narrative Inquiry in Mathematics Teacher Development" (Olive Chapman); (10) "Competences Spatiales Geometriques chez de Jeunes Quebecois du Nord (Inuit) et du Sud" (Richard Pallascio and Richard Allaire); (11) "Projet d'Auto-apprentissage Informatise" (Bernard Vanbrugghe); (12) "Teaching and Learning University Level Mathematics: Perspectives of a Mathematics Educator" (Mary L. Crowley); (13) "Windows and Mirrors: Metaphors for Computer Screens" (David Pimm); and (14) "Pre-Formal, Formal, and Formulaic Proving" (David Reid). Appendices contain lists of participants and previous proceedings. (JRH)

This two-volume set of papers was produced for the seventh International Gender and Science and Technology (GASTA) Conference. Abstracts of all papers and other presentations have been translated and are published in both English and French. Papers are published in the language in which they were submitted (English or French). GASAT provides a forum for individuals and organizations concerned about the inclusion of girls and women in the world of science and technology, from early childhood to work environments. Volume 1 includes the contributions which are concerned with schooling, including early childhood and those related to the workplace. It contains 53 papers, 6 symposia, 16 roundtables, and 14 workshops representing innovating intervention projects, research findings, evaluative syntheses of interventions, and critical research reviews. Volume 2 contains 60 papers, 5 symposia, 3 roundtables, and 4 workshops representing innovating intervention projects, research findings, evaluative synthesis of interventions, and critical reviews for post-secondary education and living in a world community. (MKR)