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Papers that address implications of linguistic theory for applied linguistics are presented. In "Some Semantic Properties of Some Conjunctions," W. Abraham is concerned with the function of "but" and its translation equivalents in German and other languages. In "Is It Possible and Necessary to Write Text Grammars?," T. P. Krzeszowski examines the theoretical status of text-grammars and the use of sentence connectives. In "Esquisse d'une theorie de 'Do'" (Outline of a Theory of 'Do'), H. Adamczewski examines the anaphoric function of the verb "do" in English texts, and its use as a marker of modality or some other semantic qualification. In "Notes sur l'expression verbale de l'assentiment et de la confirmation en anglais" (Notes on the Verbal Expression of Assent and Confirmation in English), C. Heddesheimer considers research conducted on the speech acts of assent and confirmation. In "Some Metalinguistic Problems in Communicative Language Learning," C. N. Candlin considers research conducted on the rhetorical properties of discourse between doctor and patient. In "Interpretive Procedures and the Importance of Poetry," H. G. Widdowson examines the problem of teaching discourse, concentrating on the problems of interpretation. In "Interpretive Procedures: Seeing, Reading, and Understanding Discourse," S. P. Corder compares the interpretation of discourse with visual perception and the interpretation of pictures. In "Error Analysis and Pedagogical Ordering," A. Valdman describes the use of the results of a systematic error analysis to devise a language teaching syllabus. In "De la necessite de fonder l'enseignement de langues secondes sur l'etude de la langue maternelle" (On the Necessity of Basing Instruction of Second Languages on the Study of the Mother Tongue), E. Roulet considers metalinguistic knowledge development in the learner. (SW)

Papers from the 1973 Neuchatel Colloquium in Applied Linguistics are presented. Contents are as follows: "Karttunen's Types of Implication in English and German: A Contrastive Study," W. Abraham; "The Relevance of Generative Semantics for Language Teaching," R. Dirven; "'Be' plus 'ing' Revisited," H. Adamczeski; "The So-Called Deep Structures and the Foreign-Language Learner," T. P. Krzeszowski; "L'illocution: problematique et methodologie" ("Illocution": Problems and Methodolgy), H. Holec; "An Approach to Treating Extratextual Function in a Language Teaching Syllabus," C. N. Candlin; "Notional Syllabuses and the Concept of Minimum Adequate Grammar," D. Wilkins; "The Deep Structure of Discourse and the Use of Translation," H. G. Widdowson; "Vers une caracterisation linguistique des normes dans l'enseignement des langues" (Towards a Linguistic Characterization of the Norms in Language Teaching), E. Roulet; "Pour une methode du faire dans l'enseignement des langues" (For a Methodology in Language Teaching), J. Nivette; and "Pedagogical Grammars or the Pedagogy of Grammar?," S. P. Corder. (SW)

This collection contains 17 papers presented at a seminar on literacy strategies in the community movement, held in Namur, Belgium, in 1991. The following papers are included: "Introduction" (Hautecoeur); "Illiteracy: Direction? Action? Results?" (Hautecoeur); "Basic Education and Personal Development Strategies" (Georis); "Breaking Down Barriers: A Local Approach to Adult Basic Education" (Denwette, Walker, Tett); "Illiteracy--Solely an Educational Problem?" (Jaehn); "Knowing Where We Are: Participatory Research and Adult Literacy" (Hamilton, Ivanic, Barton); "Community Development Project among the Gypsies of Sao Gregorio" (Oliveira et al.); "Literacy and Community Development in a Lower Class Neighborhood" (Dias); "Building a Regional Partnership in the Fight against Illiteracy in Belgium" (Chapotte, David); "Urgently Required: Imagination--A Writing Competition" (Azzimonti); "Working with Illiterate Young People in a Community Group: The Boite a Lettres Experience (1983-1987)" (Roy); "From Specialized Training to Grass-Roots Literacy Education" (Raymond, Meunier); "Women and Literacy: A Vital Movement" (de Coster); "The Alpha Mons-Borinage Experience" (Arrijs); "Adult Education: Literacy for the Masses" (Corzo, Lancho); "Training: A Tool in the Struggle against All Types of Exclusion?--The History of AFER (Action-Formation-Etude-Recherche)" (Gosset, Caron, Andreau); "Basic Education in Flanders: Strengths and Weaknesses" (Gehre); and "Literacy Tactics in the Community Organizations Movement" (Hautecoeur). (MN)

This volume presents reports on the flows of graduates from higher education and on their entry into working life in Germany, Austria, Belgium, and Australia. Each paper is written according to detailed guidelines designed to assemble information from many sources, to reflect the state of the art, and to illustrate a variety of approaches, methodologies and philosophies. The paper on Germany by Manfred Tessaring describes changes in the past two decades, the higher education system in Germany, employment and unemployment, the changing input and output of higher education, graduate transition to employment and concluding thoughts. An appendix contains 11 tables of statistics. The report on Australia by Bruce Williams primarily describes employment prospects for graduates there. The paper on Austria is in two parts. The first, "Developments in Higher Education and the Changing Transition to the Labour Market," was written by Lorenz Lassnigg, Susanne Loudon and Hannes Spreitzer. The second part by Klaus Schedler is titled "Employment and Labour Market Prospects of University Graduates in the Austrian Trade and Industry." The report on Belgium is in French and was written by Andre Bonte. Extensive tables and figures illustrate all the studies. (JB)

The following papers on meeting individual needs in second language instruction are included: (1) "Sprachenlernen: Beduerfnisse des Individuums in verschiedenen Leben- und Lernsituationen (Language Learning: Individual Needs in Various Life and Learning Situations)," by Eugen Egger; (2) "Peut-on accorder les besoins de l'etudiant et ceux de son futur employeur? (Can the Needs of the Student and Those of His Future Employer Be Reconciled?)," by Francis Debyser; (3) "The Unit/Credit System as a Possible Link between Various Forms of Teaching," by Jan A. van Ek; (4) "Individualisiertes Lernen: Moeglichkeiten und Gernzen im Klassenzimmer und ausserhalb (Individualized Learning: Possibilities and Limitations in and outside the Classroom)," by August Flammer and Werner Gutmann; and (5)"Ueberbrueckung der Kluft zwischen Ausdrucksmoeglichkeiten und Interessenbereich (Bridging the Gap between Expressive Capabilities and Area of Interest)," by Lothar Hoffmann. Each paper except the first is followed by a summary in English of the discussion engendered by the paper. (JB)

It is noted that Belgium, particularly Flemish Belgium, is opposed to European unification because of the likelihood of even greater intrusion of foreign influence into the country, especially in Brussels, and an already common negative attitude toward the spread of English. (12 references)

Three major issues in the second language instruction of migrant primary school children in Brussels are discussed: (1) how to develop communicative competence; (2) how to ensure correct pronunciation; and (3) how to improve nonverbal communication. In the case of pronunciation, a "soft" method without explanation about articulation or drills is proposed. With regard to nonverbal communication, the focus is on improving the teacher's interpretation of children's behavior, especially as it might affect evaluation of the children's education and proficiency. The population in question is composed primarily of migrant children, in significant proportions in the city's schools, who do not speak one of the official languages (French and Dutch). (An English abstract accompanies this paper.) (Author/MSE)

This journal highlights five papers by international authors on various topics in education. In the first article, it was hypothesized deductively that extroverts will show more fluctuations in attending than introverts and that individuals with high neuroticism show more fluctuations in attention span than less neurotic persons. The second article presents a quality control system for developing reliable and valid, teacher made, objective-referenced tests. The third article attempts to illustrate the usefulness of the Weighted Net Percentage Difference (WNPD) technique as a methodological tool for the analysis of theoretical social mobility models. The fourth article, written in French with a summary in English, describes the analysis of the regulatory effect of three kinds of feedback (stereotype, specific, and feedback with self-control) on preoperational subjects. The final article in the compilation describes a pilot educational experiment concerning the teaching of English as a second language in Belgium. A chronicle of summaries of research in progress and a section with abstracts of reports presented to the seventh World Congress of the International Association for the Advancement of Educational Research are also included. (JN)

This journal highlights six papers by international authors on various topics in education. Written in French with a summary in English, the first article discusses the analysis of the regulatory effect and corrective value of three kinds of feedback (stereotype, specific, and feedback with self control) on preoperational subjects. The second article describes a research study designed to make an analysis of the cognitive abilities, vocational preferences, and educational aspirations on a sampling of 149 eighth grade students in Detroit. The third article, also in French with an English summary, describes a research project designed to test the validity of the scoring systems of several achievement tests for young children. The fourth article attempts to demonstrate that curriculum can develop only when it is shown as a dynamic rather than static concept. The fifth article reports on a study that determined whether gains in actual learning are bolstered by actual learning or are bolstered by stated performance objectives. The sixth article described a study which investigated the effect of a university course upon the attitudes of prospective French Canadian teachers towards immigrants. A chronicle of information concerning pedagogical research projects from various international organizations and educators is also presented. (JN)

This special issue of the "Courrier," a journal for professionals concerned with issues related to the physical and psychological development of children, provides (1) an overview of 25 years of internationally coordinated research, (2) a selection of papers published by the research teams, and (3) a description of the teams and their present status. The origin and international expansion of the program for longitudinal studies is described in the first article. The subsequent 15 articles cover a wide range of topics. Studies concerned with physical development focus on the skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist; growth in the density of normal infants' subcutaneous cellular tissue; age of onset of menarche and associated factors among Parisian girls; clinical transformations of puberty in young girls; international comparisons of infants' physical growth; development and maturation of young children in Dakar; Gessell tests on African children; parent-child correlations for body measurements of children between the ages of 1 month and 7 years; the somatic development of urban, Swedish children; and analysis of the adolescent growth spurt using smoothing spline functions. The one study focused solely on psychological development discusses intellectual development from birth to 18 years of age. Studies covering both psychological and physiological development examine bowel and bladder control during the day and at night in the first 6 years of life; trends in the development of abilities related to somatic growth; individual differences as seen in developmental and intelligence quotient curves from 6 months to 17 years; and a comparison of infant development in five western countries. (Author/RH)