Objectives To implement and evaluate a public-private partnership to deliver the internationally recommended strategy DOTS for the control of tuberculosis (TB) in Lalitpur municipality, Nepal, where it is estimated that 50% of patients with TB are manage in the private sector. Methods A local working group developed a public-private partnership for control of TB, which included diagnosis by private practitioners, direct observation of treatment and tracing of patients who missed appointments by nongovernmental organizations and provision of training and drugs by the Nepal National TB Programme (NTP): The public-private partnership was evaluated through baseline and follow-up surveys of private practitioners, private pharmacies, and private laboratories, together with records kept by the Nepal NTP. Findings In the first 36 months, 1328 patients with TB were registered in the public-private partnership. Treatment success rates were >90%, and Conclusions A combination of the strengths of private practitioners, nongovernmental organizations, and the public sector in public-private partnership can be used to provide a service that is liked by patients and gives high rates of treatment success and increased rates of patient notification. Similar public-private partnerships are likely to be replicable elsewhere, as inputs are not large and no special requirements exist. Keywords Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/prevention and control/drug therapy; Antitubercular agents/administration and dosage; Treatment outcome; Private sector; Public sector; Nongovernmental organizations; Community health centers; Intersectoral cooperation; Urban population; Program evaluation; Nepal (source: MeSH, NLM). Mots cles Tuberculose pulmonaire/diagnostic/prevention et controlelchimiotherapie; Antituberculeux/administration et posologie Evaluation resultats traitement; Secteur prive; Secteur public; Organisations non gouvernementales; Centre public sante; Cooperation intersectorielle; Population urbaine; Evaluation programme; Nepal (source: MeSH, INSERM). Palabras clave Tuberculosis pulmonar/diagnostico/prevencion y control/quimioterapia; Agentes antituberculosos/administracion y dosificacion; Resultado del tratamiento; Sector privado; Sector publico; Organizaciones no gubernamentales; Centros comunitarios de salud; Cooperacion intersectorial; Poblacion urbana; Evaluacion de programas; Nepal (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.], Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death in adults, with South Asia being the worst affected region (1, 2). To avoid poor or incomplete treatment, which can [...]