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This theoretical article aims to clarify the conceptualization of teachers' interventions in children's play in preschool. From the presentation and analysis of scientific literature and models on teachers' intervention in play, three dimensions were identified: types of intervention made by the teachers, the roles adopted by them, and the nature of the learning. These dimensions were then used to analyze four models of teachers' intervention in play, in addition to considering the person who controls the play between the adult and the child. By weaving links between these dimensions and models, three forms of teachers' interventions are identified and presented in an integrative theorical proposal: (1) open free play, (2) guided free play, and (3) directed 'play.' Each of these forms of teachers' interventions is clarified by emphasizing what characterizes and distinguishes them, which, according to us, might facilitate the interpretation of studies' results by introducing a common framework for comparing them. Likewise, this proposal leads preschool teachers to better situate and understand their interventions in play context. Keywords: Play, preschool education, kindergarten, teachers' interventions, teaching practices Cet article theorique vise a clarifier la conceptualisation de l'intervention enseignante dans le jeu a l'education prescolaire. La presentation et l'analyse d'ecrits et de modeles portant sur l'intervention enseignante dans le jeu ont permis de degager trois dimensions : les types d'interventions, les roles de l'enseignant[e] et la nature des apprentissages. Ces dimensions ont ensuite servi a l'analyse de quatre modeles de l'intervention enseignante dans le jeu, en plus de considerer qui, de l'adulte ou l'enfant, le controle. La mise en exergue de liens entre les dimensions de l'intervention enseignante et les modeles associes lors de l'analyse a conduit a l'elaboration d'une proposition theorique integratrice de l'intervention enseignante dans le jeu a l'education prescolaire. Trois formes d'accompagnement ressortent de cette proposition : 1) le jeu libre ouvert, 2) le jeu libre accompagne et 3) le <> dirige. Chacune d'elles est clarifiee en precisant ce qui la caracterise et la distingue, permettant consequemment de faciliter l'interpretation des resultats des etudes portant sur le jeu par la presence d'un cadre commun pour les comparer, en plus d'outiller les enseignant[e]s a l'education prescolaire pour qu'ils soient en mesure de mieux situer leurs interventions dans ce contexte. Mots-cles : jeu, education prescolaire, maternelle, interventions enseignantes, pratiques enseignantes, Introduction L'approche par le jeu est privilegiee dans les programmes d'education prescolaire (EP) de plusieurs pays, comme la Grece, la Chine ou la Nouvelle-Zelande (Pyle et al., 2017). C'est egalement [...]

Mycale (Mycale) loveni (Fristedt, 1887) is a very large structure-forming sponge that has previously heen reported in the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and Arctic oceans. Through morphological and molecular examination, North Atlantic and Eastern Canadian Arctic specimens are now described as a new species, Mycale (Mycale) lorea sp. nov. The two species have similar external morphology; however, the spicules that make up their skeletons differ in size and shape, and the species are also separated phylogenetically by multiple genetic markers. Key words: Porifera, Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Mycale, new species, Introduction The genus Mycale is a large group of sponges (phylum Porifera) with a global distribution, containing 12 subgenera and more than 255 species (van Soest et al. 2021; de [...]

In this study, we tested a full structural model in which past involvement in sibling bullying mediates the relationships between, on the one hand, an intrusive parental style during conflicts between siblings and, on the other hand, current individual and family outcomes. The model under study is grounded in the coercion theory and the family system theory. A sample of 200 young adults, and their mothers, took part in the study. Results of structural equation modeling with four latent variables fit well the data. As hypothesized, an intrusive parental style during conflicts between siblings was related to higher levels of sibling bullying (including both perpetration and victimization) in childhood. Furthermore, young adults who were involved in sibling bullying as a child were now displaying less positive social problem-solving behaviors. Finally, past experiences of sibling bullying were related to current unkindness in the family., Author(s): Geneviève Bouchard [sup.1] , Nadia Annie Sonier [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.265686.9, 0000 0001 2175 1792, School of Psychology, Université de Moncton, , 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, New Brunswick, Canada [...]

The objective of the study was to validate adapted versions of the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with Intellectual Disabilities (GAS-ID) simultaneously developed in English and French. A sample of 361 youth with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) (M = 15.78 years) from Australia (English-speaking) and Canada (French-speaking) participated in this study. The results supported the factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance (between English and French versions), a lack of differential items functioning (as a function of youth's age and ID level, but not sex in the English-Australian sample), temporal stability (over one year interval), and convergent validity (with global self-esteem and school loneliness) of a bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the GAS-ID. The present study supports the psychometric properties of the English-Australian and French-Canadian versions of the adapted GAS-ID., Author(s): Christophe Maïano [sup.1] [sup.2] , Alexandre J. S. Morin [sup.2] , Cynthia Gagnon [sup.3] , Elizabeth Olivier [sup.4] , Danielle Tracey [sup.5] , Rhonda G. Craven [sup.6] , Stéphane [...]

The best course to let [poets] see the error of their works,' declared the English Jesuit poet Robert Southwell (1561-1595), 'is to weave a new web in their own loom' [...]

Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire. By FAISAL HUSAIN. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. 278 pp. ISBN 9780197547274. $35.00 (hardcover); $35.00 (ebook). An [...]

Wildfires are increasing in importance in many regions of the Canadian boreal forest and are an ongoing risk for forest management activities. We simulated the effects of fires on long-term harvest levels on the 59 forest management units of the province of Quebec, Canada, for the 2020-2100 period. Different climate change pathways (stable, RCP 4.5 or 8.5) and salvage logging rates (20% or 70% of mature burned stands) were simulated. Changes in forest flammability due to climate change, species migration, and forest management were also considered. Under stable climatic conditions, the decline in potential harvest levels due to fire, based on 50 simulations per scenario, ranged between 3% and 33% (mean = 11%) when high salvage logging rates were simulated, compared to 6%-45% (mean = 20%) for low salvage rates. Climate change caused increases in burn rates between -3% and 39% for RCP 4.5 and between 33% and 69% for RCP 8.5 at the end of the 21st century, depending on fire zones. However, the effects of these modified burn rates on harvest levels did not differ substantially from those of baseline burn rates, probably because the projected burn rates were highest during the later part of the simulations (2070- 2100), when their impacts on harvest level calculations were limited. This study indicates that potential harvest levels calculated without considering wildfires are likely to be non-sustainable. Key words: forest landscape modelling, harvest level, wildfire, climate change, salvage logging, 1. Introduction Wildfires have an important influence on forest management activities. In the short term, fire suppression is expensive (Stocks and Martell 2016), as are post-fire silvicultural interventions to restore [...]

Annual temperatures in the circumpolar Arctic are rising at 2-3 times the global average, reducing ecologic barriers for arthropod reproduction and fueling shifts in insect diversity and distribution (2,2). The [...]

The reproductive ecology of the semi-serotinous species black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in northern boreal forests remains poorly understood. There is a general lack of data on cone/seed production and viability as a function of biotic treelevel characteristics and abiotic variables. No studies currently exist to quantify these differences over a large gradient in temperature, elevation, and precipitation. Extensive physical, ecological, dendrometric, and reproductive data were collected from young to very old black spruce stands in northern Quebec. ANOVA and general linear mixed models were used to examine interannual cone production, and the relative importance of the biotic and abiotic explanatory factors in determining total cone production; length of the cone-bearing zone; filled seeds per cone; proportion of filled seeds; and seed viability. The results illustrate that the reproductive ecology of black spruce in northern cold forests is mainly explained by biotic variables such as age and diameter [DELTA]T breast height, and by abiotic variables related to temperature such as elevation, length of the growing season, and growing degree-days. Black spruce exhibits a lower reproductive potential in northern cold forests, making it possibly less resilient to increased fire frequency, particularly in unproductive and very young or very old stands. Key words: black spruce, reproductive ecology, cone production, seed production, germination, boreal forest, forest fire, seed viability, resilience, adaptation L'ecologie de la reproduction de l'espece semi-serotineuse, l'epinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dans les forets boreales froides est encore peu documentee. Il existe un manque general de donnees sur la production des cones/graines et leur viabilite en fonction des caracteristiques biotiques au niveau de l'arbre et des variables abiotiques. Aucune etude n'existe actuellement pour quantifier ces differences sur un large gradient de temperature, d'altitude, et de precipitations. De nombreuses donnees physiques, ecologiques, dendrometriques et reproductives ont ete recueillies dans des peuplements d'epinette noire jeunes a tres ages dans le nord du Quebec. Des ANOVA et des modeles mixtes lineaires generaux ont ete utilises pour examiner la production annuelle de cones et l'importance relative des facteurs explicatifs biotiques et abiotiques dans la determination de la production totale de cones; la longueur de la cime comportant des cones; le nombre de graines pleines par cone; la proportion de graines pleines; et leur taux de germination. Les resultats indiquent que l'ecologie de la reproduction de l'epinette noire dans les forets boreales nordiques est expliquee par des variables biotiques telles que l'age et le DHP, et des variables abiotiques liees a la somme thermique regionale telles que l'altitude, la duree de la saison de croissance, et les degres-jours de croissance. L'epinette noire presente un potentiel reproductif plus faible dans les forets froides du nord, ce qui la rend moins resistante a l'augmentation de la frequence des feux, particulierement dans les peuplements improductifs et tres jeunes ou tres vieux. Mots-cles : epinette noire, ecologie de la reproduction, production des cones, production des graines, germination, foret boreale, feu de foret, taux de germination, resilience, adaptation, 1. Introduction Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) is one of the most common and commercially important conifer species in the boreal forest of eastern North America (Viereck and Johnston 1990), [...]

Background: With a growing population of patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), many of whom have undergone prior percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary endarterectomy (CE) allows for the extension of revascularization in patients with otherwise limited options. Whether adjunctive CE associated with standard surgery, combined with contemporary antiplatelet therapy, improves outcomes remains largely unknown. Methods: We studied 147 consecutive patients who underwent 154 adjunctive CE procedures for advanced CAD between January 2015 and January 2018. We used computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a subgroup of 32 consecutive patients who underwent CE during coronary artery bypass grafting after June 2016 to assess graft and coronary patency. Results: Patients (mean age 67 [+ or -] SD 10 yr) underwent CE of the right (102 patients), the left anterior descending (LAD, 22 patients) and the circumfex (17 patients) coronary arteries. Seven patients (5%) experienced a procedural myocardial infarction and there were no perioperative deaths. Among the 32 patients who underwent CTA 3 months after surgery, the mean patency of the endarterectomized coronary arteries and bypass grafts was 90% and 88%, respectively. All 6 arterial grafts on the LAD artery were patent. The mean survival rate and the mean rate of freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events was 95% [+ or -] 2% and 95% [+ or -] 6%, respectively. The patency rate was 100 % for patients evaluated at 3-year follow up. Conclusion: Coronary endarterectomy offers a surgical option for patients with diffuse CAD who may be unsuitable for coronary bypass alone. Grafts and endarterectomized coronary artery patency remain adequate and explain the excellent patient survival and the freedom rate from major adverse cardiovascular events. Contexte : Avec une population croissante de patients atteints de coronaropathie avancee (CA), dont plusieurs ont deja subi des interventions coronariennes percutanees, l'endarteriectomie coronarienne (EC) permet d'ameliorer la revascularisation chez les patients pour qui les options sont par ailleurs limitees. On ignore si l'EC d'appoint associee a la chirurgie standard et alliee au traitement antiplaquettaire moderne permet d'ameliorer les resultats. Methodes : Nous avons etudie 147 patients consecutifs qui ont subi 154 EC d'appoint pour une coronaropathie avancee entre janvier 2015 et janvier 2018. Nous avons utilise la coronarographie chez un sous-groupe de 32 patients consecutifs soumis a une EC durant un pontage aortocoronarien apres juin 2016 pour evaluer la permeabilite du greffon et des coronaires. Resultats : Les patients (age moyen 67 ans [+ or -] ecart-type [E-T] 10 ans) ont subi une EC de la coronaire droite (102 patients), de la descendante anterieure gauche (22 patients) et de la circonfexe (17 patients). Sept patients (5 %) ont subi un infarctus du myocarde durant l'intervention et on n'a deplore aucun deces perioperatoire. Parmi les 32 patients qui ont subi une coronarographie 3 mois apres la chirurgie, la permeabilite moyenne des coronaires soumises a l'endarteriectomie et des greffons etait de 90 % et de 88 %, respectivement. Les 6 greffons arteriels de la descendante anterieure etaient permeables. Les taux moyens de survie et de survie sans evenement cardiovasculaire majeur ont ete de 95 % [+ or -] 2 % et de 95 % [+ or -] 6 %, respectivement. Le taux de permeabilite etait de 100 % chez les patients evalues au bout d'un suivi de 3 ans. Conclusion : L'endarteriectomie coronarienne offre une option chirurgicale aux patients qui ont une coronaropathie diffuse et qui seraient de mauvais candidats au pontage aortocoronarien seul. La permeabilite des greffons et des coronaires endarteriectomisees reste adequate et explique l'excellente survie des patients et l'absence d'evenements cardiovasculaires majeurs., Patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD) are poor candidates for coronary revascularization. A coronary artery that is diffusely infltrated with poor distal runoff is typically not amenable to percutaneous [...]

Background: Children aged 6 months to 5 years with diaphyseal femur fractures are typically treated with spica casting, as recommended by the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline. We aimed to determine the incidence of secondary interventions after early spica casting for femur fractures in children aged 6 years or less. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 6 years or less with diaphyseal femur fractures treated with early spica casting at a single Canadian tertiary care, level 1 trauma pediatric centre between January 2005 and May 2015. Results: A total of 246 patients were included (190 boys [77.2%] and 56 girls [22.8%] with a mean age of 2.28 yr [standard deviation (SD) 1.35 yr]). Nine patients (3.7%) required early secondary interventions (cast wedging in 8 and flexible intramedullary nail fixation in 1). At last follow-up, 51 patients (20.7%) had clinically measurable limb length discrepancy (LLD) (mean 9.4 mm [SD 3-25 mm]), and 1 patient (0.4%) had mild clinical valgus deformity. Older, heavier patients with initial fracture shortening of 20 mm or more had a higher likelihood of developing a clinically measurable LLD. No patient required surgical intervention after fracture union to correct acquired LLD or angular deformity. Conclusion: Early spica casting for diaphyseal femoral fractures in children aged 6 years or younger had a low rate of complications and return to the operating room, Although 21% of patients had a clinically measurable LLD at last follow-up, no patient required secondary intervention after fracture union to correct acquired LLD or angular deformity. These findings have relevance for the Canadian health care system, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contexte : Habituellement, les enfants de 6 mois a 5 ans ayant subi une fracture diaphysaire du femur sont traites au moyen d'un spica platre, comme le recommande le guide de pratique clinique de l'American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Notre objectif etait de determiner la frequence des interventions secondaires suivant une immobilisation precoce au moyen d'un spica platre pour les fractures du femur chez les enfants ages de 6 ans ou moins. Methodes : Il s'agissait d'une etude de cohorte retrospective de patients ages de 6 ans ou moins presentant une fracture diaphysaire du femur et traites par immobilisation precoce au moyen d'un spica platre dans un centre pediatrique de soins tertiaires et de traumatologie de niveau 1 situe au Canada entre janvier 2005 et mai 2015. Resultats : L'etude a porte sur 246 patients en tout (190 garcons [77,2 %] et 56 filles [22,8 %] dont l'age moyen etait de 2,28 ans [ecart type (ET) 1,35 an]). Neuf patients (3,7 %) ont eu besoin d'une intervention secondaire precoce (correction du platre dans 8 cas et fixation par clou centromedullaire souple dans 1 cas). Lors du dernier suivi, 51 patients (20,7 %) presentaient une inegalite de longueur des membres (ILM) cliniquement mesurable (moyenne de 9,4 mm [ET 3-25 mm]), et 1 patient (0,4 %) presentait une legere deformation valgus clinique. Les patients plus ages et plus lourds dont le raccourcissement initial de la fracture etait d'au moins 20 mm etaient plus susceptibles de developper une ILM cliniquement mesurable. Aucun patient n'a eu besoin d'une intervention chirurgicale apres l'union osseuse pour corriger une ILM acquise ou une difformite angulaire. Conclusion : L'immobilisation precoce au moyen d'un spica platre dans les cas de fracture diaphysaire du femur chez les enfants de 6 ans ou moins est associee a un faible taux de complication et de retour en salle d'operation. Bien que 21 % des patients presentaient une ILM cliniquement mesurable lors du dernier suivi, aucun n'a eu besoin d'une intervention secondaire apres l'union osseuse pour corriger une ILM acquise ou une difformite angulaire. Ces resultats sont pertinents pour le systeme de sante canadien, particulierement dans le contexte de la pandemie de COVID-19., The 2009 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures recommends early spica cast application (within 3 d of injury (1)), or traction followed by [...]

Dispersal and shared environmental conditions can both synchronize the dynamics of local populations, but disentangling their relative influence on dynamics is challenging. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the synchrony of a metapopulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) composed of 18 populations in Brittany, France, including a 24-year time series of the abundances of juveniles. We estimated the spatial synchrony at a regional and local spatial scale over the study period. We found a strong regional synchrony despite spatiotemporal variability of local synchrony in the abundance of juveniles. We then explored the drivers of synchrony, including environmental conditions (aspects of river flow) and abundance of adult breeders. This revealed that summer low-flow conditions seemed to synchronize the abundances of juveniles more than the synchrony in the abundance of adult breeders, suggesting a Moran effect. Given that drought conditions are expected to become more common with climate change, our work highlights the potentially strong synchronizing effect of summer low flow on the dynamics of local salmon populations and the benefits of considering synchrony at multiple scales. Si la dispersion et des conditions environnementales similaires peuvent toutes deux synchroniser la dynamique de populations locales, il peut etre difficile de departager leurs influences respectives sur cette dynamique. Nous avons utilise une approche Bayesienne pour estimer la synchronie d'une metapopulation de saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) composee de 18 populations en Bretagne (France), sur la base d'une serie de 24 ans de donnees d'abondance des juveniles. Nous avons estime la synchronie spatiale aux echelles regionale et locale durant la periode a l'etude. Nous avons releve une forte synchronie regionale malgre la variabilite spatiotemporelle de la synchronie locale de l'abondance des juveniles. Nous nous sommes ensuite penches sur les facteurs generant cette synchronie, parmi lesquels les conditions ambiantes (differents aspects du debit des rivieres) et l'abondance des geniteurs. Cette analyse a revele que des conditions de faible debit estival semblent synchroniser l'abondance des juveniles plus que la synchronie de l'abondance des geniteurs, ce qui indiquerait un effet Moran. Au vu de la frequence accrue de conditions de secheresse a prevoir en raison du changement climatique, nos travaux soulignent l'effet de synchronisation potentiellement marque de faibles debits estivaux sur la dynamique des populations locales de saumons et les avantages de tenir compte de la synchronie a differentes echelles. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction Spatial synchrony describes the pattern of spatial autocorrelation in the dynamics of a set of local populations (Bjornstad et al. 1999a; Walter et al. 2017). High spatial synchrony [...]

Hatchery salmonid smolts are often reared using groundwater with elevated temperatures to maximize growth. Previous work has shown that rearing hatchery smolts in surface water with a more natural thermal regime resulted in increased return rates of adult landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We evaluated whether landlocked Atlantic salmon reared in surface water with a natural temperature regime have altered physiological smolt characteristics compared with fish reared in groundwater with elevated winter temperatures. Hatchery fish were sampled three consecutive years from January to May. Additional fish were released as smolts, recaptured, and compared with fry-stocked smolts. Surface water smolts had earlier peaks of plasma [T.sub.4], lower [T.sub.3] levels, later peak cortisol, and lower gill [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+]-ATPase activity as compared with groundwater smolts. After release and recapture, surface water fish had elevated plasma [T.sub.4] and gill [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+]-ATPase activity compared with groundwater fish, but less than stream-reared fish. Elevated plasma [T.sub.4] in surface water fish in the hatchery and after release may have promoted imprinting and other aspects of smolt development, contributing to the higher adult return rates of a cohort reared in surface water. De l'eau souterraine a des temperatures elevees est souvent utilisee pour l'elevage de saumoneaux en ecloserie afin de maximiser leur croissance. Des travaux anterieurs ont demontre que l'elevage de saumoneaux d'ecloserie dans de l'eau de surface dans un regime thermique plus naturel produit de plus hauts taux de retours de ouananiches adultes (Salmo salar). Nous avons tente de determiner si les saumoneaux de ouananiches elevees dans de l'eau de surface dans un regime thermique naturel presentent des caracteristiques physiologiques modifiees par rapport a celles de poissons eleves dans de l'eau d'origine souterraine a des temperatures hivernales elevees. Des poissons d'ecloserie ont ete echantillonnes durant trois annees consecutives de janvier a mai. D'autres poissons ont ete relaches en tant que saumoneaux, recaptures et compares aux saumoneaux ensemences en tant qu'alevins. Les saumoneaux d'eau de surface presentent des pics plus precoces des teneurs en [T.sub.4] plasmatique, des teneurs en [T.sub.3] plus faibles, des pics plus tardifs des teneurs en cortisol et une plus faible activite de la [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+]-ATPase des branchies que les saumoneaux d'eau souterraine. Apres le lacher et la recapture, les poissons d'eau de surface ont des teneurs en [T.sub.4] plasmatique et une activite de la [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+]-ATPase des branchies plus elevees que les poissons d'eau souterraine, mais plus faibles que celles de poissons eleves en cours d'eau. Les teneurs en [T.sub.4] plasmatique elevees dans les poissons d'eau de surface en ecloserie et apres le lacher pourraient avoir favorise l'impregnation et d'autres aspects du developpement des saumoneaux, contribuant a expliquer les plus hauts taux de retour d'adultes d'une cohorte elevee dans de l'eau de surface. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction In preparation for downstream migration and ocean entry, anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts undergo a series of morphological, behavioral, and physiological changes that increase their survival in these [...]

Background: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery has become the standard of treatment for rectal villous adenomas. However, the role of preoperative imaging for these lesions is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the value of preoperative imaging and surgeon clinical staging in the preoperative evaluation of patients with rectal villous adenomas having transanal endoscopic microsurgery resection. Methods: We conducted a single-centre comparative retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery surgery for rectal villous adenomas from 2011 to 2013. The intervention was preoperative imaging versus surgeon clinical staging. The primary outcome was the accuracy of clinical staging by preoperative imaging and surgeon clinical staging according to the histopathologic staging. Results: A total of 146 patients underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery surgery for rectal villous adenomas. One hundred and twelve (76.7%) of those patients had no preoperative imaging while 34 patients (23.3%) had either endorectal ultrasound (22 patients) or magnetic resonance imaging (12 patients). Surgeon staging was accurate in 89.3% of cases whereas staging by endorectal ultrasound was accurate in 40.9% cases and magnetic resonance imaging was accurate in 0% of cases. In the imaging group, inaccurate staging would have led to unnecessary radical surgery in 44.0% of patients. Conclusion: This study was subject to selection bias because of its retrospective nature and the limited number of patients with imaging. Patients with rectal villous tumours without invasive carcinoma on biopsies and without malignant characteristics on appearance in the judgment of an experienced colorectal surgeon might not benefit from preoperative imaging before undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery procedures. Contexte: La microchirurgie endoscopique transanale est devenue le traitement standard des adenomes villeux rectaux La valeur de l'imagerie preoperatoire pour le traitement de ces lesions n'est toutefois pas bien etablie. Cette etude visait a comparer l'exactitude de la stadification par imagerie preoperatoire et de la stadification clinique par le chirurgien dans le cadre de l'evaluation preoperatoire des patients atteints d'adenomes villeux rectaux qui subissent une resection par microchirurgie endoscopique transanale. Methodes: Nous avons mene une etude de cohorte retrospective comparative monocentrique chez des patients ayant subi une microchirurgie endoscopique transanale pour un adenome villeux rectal entre 2011 et 2013. Les interventions comparees etaient la stadification par imagerie preoperatoire et la stadification clinique par le chirurgien. L'issue principale etait l'exactitude de la stadification clinique par imagerie preoperatoire et de la stadification clinique par le chirurgien, confirmee par stadification histopathologique. Resultats: Au total, 146 patients ont subi une microchirurgie endoscopique transanale pour le traitement d'un adenome villeux rectal. De ces patients, 112 (76,7%) n'avaient pas subi d'imagerie preoperatoire et 34 (23,3%) avaient subi une echographie endorectale (22 patients) ou une imagerie par resonance magnetique (12 patients). La stadification par le chirurgien etait exacte dans 89,3% des cas, contre 40,9% des cas pour l'echographie endorectale et 0% des cas pour l'imagerie par resonnance magnetique. Dans le groupe ayant subi une imagerie, l'inexactitude de la stadification aurait mene a une chirurgie radicale inutile pour 44,0% des patients. Conclusion: Cette etude comportait un biais de selection en raison de sa nature retrospective et du nombre limite de patients ayant subi une imagerie. L'imagerie preoperatoire avant une microchirurgie endoscopique transanale pourrait ne presenter aucun avantage pour les patients presentant des tumeurs villeuses rectales dans les cas ou aucun carcinome invasif n'a ete detecte par biopsie et ou un chirurgien colorectal chevronne n'a detecte aucune caracteristique maligne., With incidence ranging from 23% to 58% in adults, adenomas are the most common type of neoplasm in the colon and rectum. (1) They are considered premalignant lesions that can [...]

Mast year occurrence in trees is often synchronized across large regions. In this study, we used dendrochronological methods based on cone scar characteristics on tree branches in order to reconstruct male and female cone production in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) during the period 1988-2018. Results indicate that mast years generally occur every second year and can be synchronized across distances >1000 km. The main predictors of current-year cone abundance were cone abundance during the two previous years, which can be considered a proxy for resource availability for cone bud development during the current year, together with relatively warm temperature during cone bud development. Presence of aborted male cones was positively correlated with the occurrence of relatively cold episodes during cone bud development. This finding suggests that the influence of weather on cone crop abundance is at least partly mediated by growth cessation in the developing cone buds. We also suggest that a change in weather patterns before and after the 2005-2010 period is responsible for a switch in mast years from even to uneven calendar years around that time. Key words: balsam fir, boreal forest, conifers, female cones, large-scale synchrony, male cones, mast years. Les annees semencieres chez les arbres sont souvent synchronisees sur de larges territoires. Dans cette etude, nous avons utilise des methodes dendrochronologiques en mesurant les caracteristiques des cicatrices laissees sur les branches pour reconstruire la production de cones males et femelles chez le sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) durant la periode 1988-2018. Les resultats indiquent que les annees semencieres surviennent a tous les deux ans en general, et ce de facon synchronisee sur des distances >1000 km. Les principaux predicteurs de l'abondance des cones durant une annee donnee sont l'abondance de cones durant les deux annees precedentes, soit un indicateur de la disponibilite en ressources pour le developpement des bour geons de cones durant l'annee courante, ainsi que des temperatures relativement chaudes durant le developpement de ces memes bourgeons. La presence de cones males ayant avorte est correlee positivement avec l'occurrence d'episodes relativement froids durant le developpement des bourgeons de cones. Ceci suggere que l'influence des conditions meteorologiques sur la production de cones depend en partie d'interruptions de croissance lors du developpement des bourgeons. Nous suggerons egalement qu'un changement dans les patrons meteorologiques avant et apres la periode 2005-2010 explique une transition des annees semencieres depuis les annees paires vers les annees impaires au cours de la periode d'etude. Mots-cles: annees semencieres, cones femelles, cones males, coniferes, foret boreale, sapin baumier, synchronisme a grande echelle., 1. Introduction Mast seeding can be described as large-scale synchronized fluctuations in the reproductive output of perennial plants (Kelly and Sork 2002). A better understanding of the processes driving these [...]

This study presents the results of a pilot evaluative study of a new sexual violence prevention program designed for high school students. This evaluation is based on a pre-experimental pre-test/post-test design from a sample of 167 high school youths who participated in the classroom workshops. Results show that following their participation in the program, they improved their knowledge, attitudes, protective and supportive skills, and self-efficacy toward sexual violence. This study identifies positive effects following the participation in this program and helps optimize sexual violence prevention initiatives targeting youth. Keywords: sex education, prevention, sexual violence, program evaluation, adolescence Cette étude expose les résultats de l'évaluation des effets d'un nouveau programme de prévention de la violence sexuelle chez des jeunes de secondaire III au cours de sa phase pilote. Cette évaluation repose sur un devis préexpérimental prétest/post-test, auprès d'un échantillon de 167 élèves ayant participé aux ateliers en classe. Les résultats révèlent qu'après leur participation au programme, les élèves améliorent leurs connaissances, leurs attitudes, leurs habiletés préventives et de soutien, et leur sentiment d'autoefficacité. Cette étude cerne des effets favorables à la participation au programme et contribue à l'optimisation des pratiques préventives offertes aux jeunes en matière de violence sexuelle. Mots-clés: éducation à la sexualité, prévention, violence sexuelle, évaluation de programme, adolescence, Remerciements et crédits Les auteures remercient les Centres d'aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel (CALACS) ainsi que le Service aux collectivités de l'Université du Québec à [...]

Translating Nature: Cross-Cultural Histories of Early Modern Science. Edited by jaime marroquin Arredondo and Ralph Bauer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. vi + 355 pp. ISBN 978-0812250930. $55.00 (hardcover). [...]

1 Les postulats théoriques 1.1 Les néo-institutionnalismes 1.2 Les processus de changements institutionnels 2 Le contexte canadien des enjeux de gouvernance autochtone 2.1 Les institutions fédérales et la gouvernance partagée [...], Depuis plusieurs années, le gouvernement canadien a en trepris une décentralisation des programmes et des services sociaux destinés aux communautés autochtones. Pour certains, c&apos;est une véritable consolidation ascendante cle leur droit à l&apos;autodétermination qui se concrétise en marge des mécanismes constitutionnels formels. Pourtant, ce processus n&apos;est pas neutre sur le plan institutionnel, puisqu&apos;il coïncide avec l&apos;avènement du nouveau management public (NMP). Bien que ce paradigme néolibéral semble octroyer une plus grande autonomie aux pouvoirs locaux, il perpétue plutôt un régime genré cle l&apos;administration publique, c&apos;est-à-dire organisé ou différencié selon le genre, avec des formes limitées cle démocratie et cle représentation. A partir d&apos;un cadre d&apos;analyse tiré du néo-institutionnalisme, cle l&apos;économie politique féministe et du pluralisme juridique, Vcuite vire soutient que seule une revitalisation des institutions politiques et juridiques autochtones, mises en place à l&apos;extérieur des structures de l&apos;État, permettrait aux communautés autochtones cle réaliser leur droit à l&apos;autodétermination; en outre, elle pourrait faciliter la participation des femmes au sein cle ces structures. For several years now, the Canadian government has been decentralizing Aboriginal services and social programs. For some, this represents a true strengthening of Aboriginal peoples&apos; right to self-determination, developing outside of formal constitutional mechanisms. However, this process is not institutionally neutral, but is consistent with the New Public Management (NPM) model. While this neoliberal approach may appear to confer greater autonomy on local authorities, it actually perpetuates a gender regime of public administration with limited forms of democracy and represen tation . Drawing on neo-institutionalism, feminist political economics, and legal pluralism, this paper argues that only a revitalization of Indigenous political and legal institutions outside of state structures can lead to self-determination and women &apos;s involvement. Desde licice algunos ahos el gobierno canadiense ha emprendido una descentralizaciôn de los programas y servicios sociales destinados a las comunidades incUgenas. Para algunos, se trata de una verdadera consolidaciôn ascendiente de su derecho a la autodeterminaciôn, que se concretiza al margen cle los mecanismos constitucionales formates. Sin embargo, este proceso no es neutro a nivel institucional puesto que coincide con la llegada cle la nueva gerencia pûblica (nouveau management public (NMP)). Pese a que este paradigma neoliberal parece acordar una mayor autononua a los pocleres locales, mas bien perpétua un régimen cle género cle la administraciôn pûblica con las limitaclas formas de democracia y cle representaciôn. A partir cle un marco cle andlisis basaclo en el neoinstitucionalismo, la economia politic a feminist a y ciel pluralismo jurfdico, sostenemos que ûnicamente una revitalizaciôn cle las instituciones politicos y jimclicas incUgenas implementadas al margen cle las e structura s ciel Estaclo permitiria no solamente llevar a cabo su clerecho a la autodeterminaciôn sino que poclria igualmente facilitar la participaciôn cle las mujeres en el seno cle estas estructuras.

Background: Peritoneal recurrences after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for appendiceal and colorectal cancers are frequent. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, technical feasibility and perioperative and long-term outcomes of repeat CRS/HIPEC in patients with recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal and appendiceal origin. Methods: Data were collected from patients treated from 2000 to 2016 for recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal or colorectal cancer with CRS/HIPEC at 2 specialist centres. Data on demographics, procedure details, morbidity and survival were recorded. Analyses compared the iterations of CRS/HIPEC to assess the safety and effectiveness of repeat surgery. Results: Of all patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC in the 2 centres, 37 patients underwent a repeat procedure. Operative time was similar for the first and second surgeries (412.1 v. 412.5 min, p = 0.74) but patients had a significantly lower peritoneal carcinoma index score with the second surgery (21.8 in the first iteration v. 9.53 in the second iteration, p < 0.001) and significantly less blood loss (1762 mL in the first iteration v. 790 mL in the second iteration, p = 0.001). There was a nonsignificant decrease in grade III-IV complications and there was no 30-day mortality associated with repeat procedures. For patients with colorectal cancer, median disease-free survival was 9.6 months and median overall survival was 40 months. For patients with appendiceal cancer, median disease-free survival was 15 months and overall survival was 64.4 months. Conclusion: Repeat CRS/HIPEC procedures for recurrent appendiceal and colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis are safe in well-selected patients, without increased morbidity or mortality, and they are associated with significant long-term survival, particularly for patients with appendiceal cancers. These results support the use of repeat CRS/HIPEC in these patients. Contexte : Les recurrences peritoneales apres une chirurgie cytoreductrice (CCR) et une chimiotherapie hyperthermique intraperitoneale (CHIP) pour les cancers de l'appendice et colorectaux sont frequentes. Cette etude visait a evaluer l'innocuite, la faisabilite technique et les resultats perioperatoires et a long terme d'une reprise de CCR/CHIP chez les patients qui presentent une recurrence de carcinomatose peritoneale ayant son origine au niveau colorectal ou de l'appendice. Methodes : Des donnees ont ete recueillies sur des patients traites entre 2000 et 2016 pour une recurrence de carcinomatose peritoneale ayant son origine au niveau colorectal ou de l'appendice par CCR/CHIP dans 2 centres specialises. On a tenu compte des donnees demographiques, des details des interventions, ainsi que de la morbidite et de la survie. Des analyses ont permis de comparer les premieres et deuxiemes CCR/CHIP pour evaluer l'innocuite et l'efficacite des chirurgies repetees. Resultats : De tous les patients soumis a des CCR/CHIP dans les 2 centres, 37 ont subi l'intervention de nouveau. Le temps operatoire a ete similaire pour les premieres et les deuxiemes chirurgies (412,1 c. 412,5 min, p = 0,74), mais les patients presentaient un score de carcinomatose peritoneale beaucoup plus bas lors de la deuxieme chirurgie (21,8 pour la premiere intervention c. 9,53 pour la seconde, p < 0,001) et des pertes sanguines significativement moindres (1762 mL pour la premiere intervention c. 790 mL pour la seconde, p = 0,001). On a note une diminution non significative des complications de grades III-IV et on n'a deplore aucune mortalite a 30 jours en lien avec la reprise de l'intervention. Pour les patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal, la survie mediane sans maladie a ete de 9,6 mois et la survie mediane globale a ete de 40 mois. Pour les patients atteints d'un cancer de l'appendice, la survie mediane sans maladie a ete de 15 mois et la survie mediane globale a ete de 64,4 mois. Conclusion : La reprise des CCR/CHIP pour les recurrences de carcinomatose peritoneale ayant leur origine au niveau colorectal ou de l'appendice est securitaire chez les patients soigneusement selectionnes, sans accroissement de la morbidite ou de la mortalite, et elles sont associees a une survie a long terme significative, particulierement chez les patients ayant un cancer de l'appendice. Ces resultats appuient la reprise des CCR/CHIP chez ces patients., Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is defined by the presence of metastatic malignant deposits on the peritoneal surface that arise from a tumour exposed to the peritoneal cavity. It also includes tumours [...]

Proteins are effector molecules that mediate the functions of genes.sup.1,2 and modulate comorbidities.sup.3-10, behaviors and drug treatments.sup.11. They represent an enormous potential resource for personalized, systemic and data-driven diagnosis, prevention, monitoring and treatment. However, the concept of using plasma proteins for individualized health assessment across many health conditions simultaneously has not been tested. Here, we show that plasma protein expression patterns strongly encode for multiple different health states, future disease risks and lifestyle behaviors. We developed and validated protein-phenotype models for 11 different health indicators: liver fat, kidney filtration, percentage body fat, visceral fat mass, lean body mass, cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, diabetes risk and primary cardiovascular event risk. The analyses were prospectively planned, documented and executed at scale on archived samples and clinical data, with a total of ~85 million protein measurements in 16,894 participants. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that protein expression patterns reliably encode for many different health issues, and that large-scale protein scanning.sup.12-16 coupled with machine learning is viable for the development and future simultaneous delivery of multiple measures of health. We anticipate that, with further validation and the addition of more protein-phenotype models, this approach could enable a single-source, individualized so-called liquid health check. Large-scale aptamer-based scanning of plasma proteins coupled with machine learning demonstrates proof-of-concept and feasibility of an individualized health check using a single blood sample., Author(s): Stephen A. Williams [sup.1] , Mika Kivimaki [sup.2] , Claudia Langenberg [sup.3] , Aroon D. Hingorani [sup.4] [sup.5] [sup.6] , J. P. Casas [sup.7] , Claude Bouchard [sup.8] , [...]

Daniel Ruck, The Laws and the Land. The Settler Colonial Invasion of Kahnawa:ke in the NineteenthCentury Canada. Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press for the Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal [...]

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive and catastrophic heterotopic ossification (HO) of skeletal muscle and associated soft tissues. FOP is caused by dominantly acting mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, ACVR1 (ALK2), the most prevalent of which results in an arginine to histidine substitution at position 206 (ACVR1[R206H]). The fundamental pathological consequence of FOPcausing ACVR1 receptor mutations is to enable activin A to initiate canonical BMP signaling in fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which drives HO. We developed a monoclonal blocking antibody (JAB0505) against the extracellular domain of ACVR1 and tested its effect on HO in 2 independent FOP mouse models. Although JAB0505 inhibited BMP-dependent gene expression in wild-type and ACVR1(R206H)-overexpressing cell lines, JAB0505 treatment profoundly exacerbated injuryinduced HO. JAB0505-treated mice exhibited multiple, distinct foci of heterotopic lesions, suggesting an atypically broad anatomical domain of FAP recruitment to endochondral ossification. This was accompanied by dysregulated FAP population growth and an abnormally sustained immunological reaction following muscle injury. JAB0505 drove injury-induced HO in the absence of activin A, indicating that JAB0505 has receptor agonist activity. These data raise serious safety and efficacy concerns for the use of bivalent anti-ACVR1 antibodies to treat patients with FOP., Introduction Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare, autosomal dominant, genetic disease of progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) that primarily affects skeletal muscle and associated connective tissues. The cumulative effect of [...]

Mice with experimental nerve damage can display long-lasting neuropathic pain behavior. We show here that 4 months and later after nerve injury, male but not female mice displayed telomere length (TL) reduction and p53-mediated cellular senescence in the spinal cord, resulting in maintenance of pain and associated with decreased lifespan. Nerve injury increased the number of p53-positive spinal cord neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, but only in microglia was the increase male-specific, matching a robust sex specificity of TL reduction in this cell type, which has been previously implicated in male-specific pain processing. Pain hypersensitivity was reversed by repeated intrathecal administration of a p53-specific senolytic peptide, only in male mice and only many months after injury. Analysis of UK Biobank data revealed sex-specific relevance of this pathway in humans, featuring male-specific genetic association of the human p53 locus (TP53) with chronic pain and a male-specific effect of chronic pain on mortality. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a biological mechanism maintaining pain behavior, at least in males, occurring much later than the time span of virtually all extant preclinical studies., Introduction Chronic pain is the most prevalent human health problem, and among the most costly in terms of economic burden and loss of quality of life (1), but remains a [...]

Sexual autonomy implies consistency between one's internal desires and sexual behaviours. Sexual assertiveness has been defined as the strategies used to accomplish such consistency, and to therefore be sexually autonomous. [...]

The successful outcomes of mindfulness derived interventions are well established and it has been suggested that cognitive factors may be responsible for the therapeutic benefits. With a sample of 296 individuals, we examined the mediating role of adaptive (i.e., effortful control) and maladaptive cognitive factors (i.e., repetitive negative thinking) in the relationship between the tendency to act mindfully and internalized and externalized problems, after controlling for confounding demographic and personal variables. We hypothesized that mindfulness would be positively related to effortful control, while inversely related to repetitive negative thinking. Furthermore, effortful control would be inversely related to internalized and externalized problems, while repetitive negative thinking would be positively related to these problems. Our results indicated that the original model could be improved by adding a path between mindfulness and internalized problems and by being more parsimonious. The final model provided an adequate fit for the data. Our findings are in line with theoretical models of mindfulness, which conceive its benefits in terms of cognitive process and self-regulation., Author(s): Marilyne Maltais [sup.1] , Geneviève Bouchard [sup.1] , Jean Saint-Aubin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2175 1792, grid.265686.9, School of Psychology, Université de Moncton, , E1A 3E9, Moncton, [...]

Sex research is viewed as being particularly susceptible to volunteer bias, especially those studies that involve genital response measurement. Willingness to participate in sex research may be affected by study [...]