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Melioidosis, an emerging tropical infection caused by the soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is found most commonly in northern Australia and the tropical countries of Southeast Asia. Melioidosis is endemic in [...]

Introduction Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas, and it is estimated that approximately 390 million people are infected yearly (1). DENV [...], Accumulating evidence demonstrates that [CD8.sup.+] T cells contribute to protection from severe dengue virus (DENV) disease and vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, molecular programs associated with DENV-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cell subsets have not been defined. Here, we studied the transcriptomic profiles of human DENV-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cells isolated after stimulation with DENV epitopes from donors who had been infected with DENV multiple times and would therefore be expected to have significant levels of adaptive immunity. We found that DENV-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cells mainly consisted of effector memory subsets, namely [CD45RA.sup.-][CCR7.sup.-] effector memory (Tem) and [CD45RA.sup.+][CCR7.sup.-] effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (Temra) cells, which enacted specific gene expression profiles upon stimulation with cognate antigens. DENV-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cell subsets in general, and Temra cells in particular, were fully activated and polyfunctional, yet associated with relatively narrow transcriptional responses. Furthermore, we found that DENV-specific [CD8.sup.+] Tem and Temra cells showed some unique T cell receptor features in terms of overlap and variable (V) gene usage. This study provides a transcriptomic definition of DENV-specific activated human [CD8.sup.+] T cell subsets and defines a benchmark profile that vaccine-specific responses could aim to reproduce.