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To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00856.x Byline: Sarah E. A. Dixon (1), Klaus E. Meyer (1), Marc Day (2) Abstract: abstract How do organizations previously dominated by the state develop dynamic capabilities that would support their growth in a competitive market economy? We develop a theoretical framework of organizational transformation that explains the processes by which organizations learn and develop dynamic capabilities in transition economies. Specifically, the framework theorizes about the importance of, and inter-relationships between, leadership, organizational learning, dynamic capabilities, and performance over three stages of transformation. Propositions derived from this framework explain the pre-conditions enabling organizational learning, the linkages between types of learning and functions of dynamic capabilities, and the feedback from dynamic capabilities to organizational learning that allows firms in transition economies to regain their footing and build long-term competitive advantage. We focus on transition contexts, where these processes have been magnified and thus offer new insights into strategizing in radically altered environments. Author Affiliation: (1)University of Bath; (2)Henley Business School, University of Reading Article note: Sarah E. A. Dixon, University of Bath, School of Management, Bath BA2 7AY, UK (s.e.a.dixon@bath.ac.uk).

The majority of works in metabolomics employ approaches based on principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares, primarily to determine whether samples rail within large groups. However, analytical chemists rarely tackle the problem of individual fingerprinting, and in order to do this effectively, it is necessary to study a large number of small groups rather than a small number of large groups and different approaches are required, as described in this paper. Furthermore, many metabolomic studies on mammals and humans involve analyzing compounds (of peaks) that are present in only a certain portion of samples, and conventional approaches of PCA do not cope well with sparse matrices where there may be many Os. There is, however, a large number of qualitative similarity measures available for this purpose that can be exploited via principal coordinates analysis (PCO). It can be shown that PCA scores are a specific case of PCO scores, using a quantitative similarity measure. A large-scale study of human sweat consisting of nearly 1000 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses from the sweat of an isolated population of 200 individuals in Carinthia (Southern Austria) sampled once per fortnight over 10 weeks was employed in this study and grouped into families. The first step was to produce a peak table requiring peak detection, alignment, and integration. Peaks were reduced from 5080 to 373 that occurred in at least i individual over 4 out of 5 fortnights. Both qualitative (presence/absence) and quantitative (equivalent to PCA) similarity measures can be computed. PCO and the Kolomorogov-Smirnoff (KS) rank test are applied to these similarity matrices. It is shown that for this data set there is a reproducible individual fingerprint, which is best represented using the qualitative similarity measure as assessed both by the Hotelling [t.sup.2] statistic as applied to PCO scores and the probabilities associated with the KS rank test.

A study was conducted to understand the structural factors that control the adsorption of acid dyes onto cotton (cellulose), the adsorption of 15 acid dyes from water. The adsorption enthalpy is controlled by the position of the water-solubilizing groups on the dye as these groups lift the aromatic dye core from the cellulose surface and high adsorption enthalpies are provided by dyes which allow as much as the aromatic core to come close to the cellulose surface as possible.

The inadequate knowledge of bird species among UK school students, which shows the insufficiency in field-ecology teaching, and the need for improving environmental knowledge, are discussed.